POLITICS

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SOCIETYEco-anxietyinFranceCHAPTER

01CausesofanxietyAnnualanomaliesingloballandsurfacetemperaturefrom1880to2023,basedontemperaturedeparture(indegreesCelsius)Globallandtemperatureanomalies1880-20232.01.51.00.50.0-0.5-1.03Description:Since1880,theannualgloballandtemperatureanomalyhasfluctuated,showinganoverallupwardtendency.In2023,thegloballandsurfacetemperaturestoodat1.81degreesCelsiusabovetheglobalaveragebetween1901to2000.Thiswasthehighestannualtemperatureanomalyrecordedduringtheperiodinconsideration.Anomaliesinglobaloceansurfacetemperaturefollowedasimilartrendoverthesameperiodoftime.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1880to2023Source(s):NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationAnnualanomaliesinglobaloceansurfacetemperaturefrom1880to2023,basedontemperaturedeparture(indegreesCelsius)Globaloceantemperatureanomalies1880-20231.00.80.60.40.20.0-0.2-0.4-0.64Description:In2023,theglobaloceansurfacetemperaturewas0.91degreesCelsiuswarmerthanthe20th-centuryaverage.Oceansareresponsibleforabsorbingover90percentoftheEarth'sexcessheatfromglobalwarming.Departuresfromaverageconditionsarecalledanomalies,andtemperatureanomaliesresultfromrecurringweatherpatternsorlonger-termclimatechange.Whiletheextentofthesetemperatureanomaliesfluctuatesannually,anupwardtrendhasbeenobservedover[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1880to2023Source(s):NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationTotalgreenhousegasemissionsindex(inCO?equivalent)inFrancefrom2008to2021TotalindexedgreenhousegasemissionsinFrance2008-202112098.910080604020094.795.49191.391.18786.186.485.383.782.177.273.1200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020215Description:ThetotalgreenhousegasemissionsindexinFranceincreasedby4.1points(+5.61percent)in2021.Intotal,theGGEindexamountedto77.2pointsin2021.ThisincreasewasprecededbyadecliningGGEindex.

ReadmoreNote(s):France;2008to2021Source(s):EurostatGreenhousegasemissionspercapitainFrancefrom1990to2021(inmetrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalent)GreenhousegasemissionsperpersoninFrance1990-202110.09.59.08.58.07.57.06.56.05.55.06/statistics/784338/gas-effect-greenhouse-emissions-by-person-franceFranceemittedroughly6.1metrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalentpercapita(tCO?/cap)in2021.PercapitaemissionsinFrancefellbymorethan30percentbetween1990and2021,withthelowestfigureduringthatperiodrecordedin2020,at5.8tCO?/cap.ReadmoreNote(s):France;1990to2021;BasedontotalGHGemissionsSource(s):EEATotalcarbondioxide(CO2)emissionsinFrancefrom2008to2022(inmillionmetrictons)TotalvolumeofcarbondioxideemittedinFrance2008-2022350312.4294.630025020015010050285.9278.8277.1275.4264257.1253.5254.4254.2251.6239.1235.2220.902008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120227Description:Thevolumeofcarbondioxide(CO2)emissionsinFrancein2022wasaround235millionmetrictons.Thisfiguremarkedadecreasecomparedtothebeginningoftheperiodwhenemissionsamountedto312millionmetrictons.

ReadmoreNote(s):France;2008to2022;*s=EurostatestimateValueshavebeenrounded.DatacovertheentireNACERev.sector.2.AccordingtotheMinistryoftheEnvironment,EnergyandtheSea,theaccumulationofcarbondioxide(CO2)inthe[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):EurostatNumberofwildfiresintheLegalAmazonareainBrazilfrom2000to2023NumberofwildfiresintheLegalAmazoninBrazil2000-2023300,000250,000200,000150,000100,00050,00002000

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20238Description:In2023,nearly127,000wildfireoutbreakswerereportedintheLegalAmazonregioninBrazil.Incomparisontothepreviousyear,thisrepresentedadecreaseof12.5percent.Withinthedisplayedperiod,thehighestnumberofoutbreakswasrecordedin2004,whenmorethan275,000occurrenceswereregistered.ReadmoreNote(s):2000to2023Source(s):INPECHAPTER

02Solastalgia,agrowingphenomenonDoyoubelievesociety'sadaptationtoclimatechangeshouldbeapriority?Importancegiventosociety'sadaptationtoclimatechangeinFrance2023Notatall4%Notreally11%Yes,completely41%Yes,somehow44%10/statistics/1048289/interest-ecological-issues-behavior-franceAccordingtoasurveyconductedinSeptember2023,alargemajorityofFrenchrespondentsbelievedthesociety'sadaptationtoclimatechangeshouldbeapriority.Indeedtherewerearound85percentofthosesurveyedwhothoughtthatway.

ReadmoreNote(s):France;September1to4,2023;1,507respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):IFOPWhatenvironmentalissuesareyoumostconcernedaboutinFrance?EnvironmentalissuesofmostconcerninFrance2023Shareofrespondents0%10%20%30%40%50%ClimatechangeQualityofdrinkingwater52%40%ThedisappearanceofcertainanimalandplantspeciesAirquality34%27%Thequalityandquantityofrivers,lakes,andcoastlines27%11Description:ThisstatisticrevealsthemainenvironmentalproblemsthatmostconcerntheFrenchin2023.Itappearsthatfor52percentofthepeoplesurveyed,climatechangewasaworryingissuein2023.Frenchrespondentsalsomentionedthequalityofdrinkingwaterandairqualityastheirmainpreoccupationsin2023.ReadmoreNote(s):France;September20toOctober12,2023;1,000respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):Agencesdel'eau;IFOP;MinistèredelaTransitionécologiqueetdelaCohésiondesterritoiresOfthefollowingproposalsconcerningwater-relatedissues,whichdoyouthinkarethemostimportant?Opiniononwater-relatedmainissuesinFrancein2023Shareofrespondents0%

5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%42%ReduceriverandgroundwaterpollutionEnsuretheavailabilityofwaterforalluses,i.e.domestic,agricultural,andindustrial31%Preserveaquaticbiodiversity(fauna,flora)Adapttodroughtsituations28%28%ProtectingdrinkingwatercatchmentsPreventflooding26%14%Limitcoastalerosion(i.e.retreat)11%12Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedinSeptemberandOctober2023,42percentofFrenchrespondentsthoughtitwasimportanttoreduceriverandgroundwaterpollution.Of31percentofthosesurveyed,itwasalsoimportanttoensuretheavailabilityofwaterforallusesmeaningdomestic,agricultural,andindustrial.ReadmoreNote(s):France;September20toOctober12,2023;1,000respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):Agencesdel'eau;IFOP;MinistèredelaTransitionécologiqueetdelaCohésiondesterritoiresWiththeCOVID-19pandemic,howdoyouperceivethefightagainstclimatechange?CitizensopiniononclimatechangefightintheCOVID-19crisisinFrance2020Notmorenorlessimportant41%Evenmoreimportant39%Lessimportant20%13Description:Thepandemichassomewhatsloweddownthefightagainstclimatechange,butaccordingto39percentofFrenchpeople,itisafightthathasbecomeevenmoreimportantwithintheCOVID-19context.Moreover,accordingtoanothersurvey,53percentofrespondentsagreedthatenvironmentalprotectionandclimatechangeshouldbepartofourprioritiesinthepost-COVID19future.ReadmoreNote(s):France;August26-27,2020;1,002respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):BVAShareofFrenchpeopleconcernedaboutthepreservationofairqualityandthefightagainstairpollutionin2021,byagegroupShareofFrenchpeopleconcernedaboutairqualitypreservation2021,byagegroup60%50%48%42%39%40%30%20%10%0%37%28%18-24yearsold25-34yearsold35-49yearsold50-64yearsold65yearsoldandover14Description:ThisstatisticshowstheproportionofFrenchpeoplewhoareconcernedaboutthepreservationofairqualityandthefightagainstairpollutionin2021,byagegroup.Itrevealsthatalmosthalfofpepopleagedover65wereconcerned.

ReadmoreNote(s):France;September28-29,2021;1,010respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):IFOP;SudRadioCHAPTER

03CollapsologyDoyoubelieveinapossiblecollapseofourcivilization?BeliefintheriskofacivilizationalcollapseinFrance2019Donotagreeatall9%Totallyagree17%Ratherdisagree25%Somewhatagree49%16Description:ThisgraphshowstheproportionofFrenchpeoplebelievinginapossibleandimminentcollapseofourcivilizationasweknowitin2020.Intotal,65percentofthesurveyedpeoplesupportedthetheoryofapotentialcollapse.

ReadmoreNote(s):France;October2-15,2019;1,003respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):FondationJean-Jaurès;IFOPSupportrateforthetheoryofacollapseofcivilizationinFrancein2019,byagegroupProportionofFrenchpeoplewhobelieveinthecollapsetheoryinFrance2019,byage80%69%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%67%62%59%Under35yearsold35-49yearsold50-64yearsold65yearsandolder17Description:In2019,themajorityofFrenchpeoplebetweentheagesof50and64,69percent,believedinthetheoryofacollapseofcivilization.Onapopulationscale,65percentofFrenchpeopleintotaladheredtocollapsologicaltheories.

ReadmoreNote(s):France;October2-15,2019;1,003respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):FondationJean-Jaurès;IFOPRankingofthemostlikelycausesofthecollapseofthecurrentcivilizationaccordingtopeopleinFrancein2019ReasonsforthecollapseofcivilizationaccordingtotheFrench201935%32%30%25%20%15%10%5%27%15%14%5%4%3%0%TherewillbenoTheconsequencesof

TotallyuncontrolledAcivilwarorAsuddennaturalAnexternalattack,a

Asuddenindustrialornuclearaccidentsuddencollapsebut

globalwarmingand

wavesofmigration

increasingtensions

disastersuchasan

seriesofbombingsratheragradualdeteriorationofcurrentlivingconditionsoverconsumptionwithinsocietyearthquake,ameteoriteoratsunami18Description:InFrance,65percentofpeoplebelieveincollapsology,aschoolofthoughtthattheorizesandstudiesthepossibilityofacollapseofpost-industrialsocietyduetoclimatedisruptioncausedbyglobalwarming.Accordingto27percentofthem,thecurrentcivilizationasweknowitwilldisappearbecauseofglobalwarmingandoverconsumption.ReadmoreNote(s):France;October2-15,2019;1,003respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):FondationJean-Jaurès;IFOPOpinionoftheFrenchonlivingconditionsafterthecollapseofcivilizationin2019Frenchopinionsonthesituationafterthecollapseofcivilization2019Noanswer13%Wewillonlybeabletorelyonourselves,ourfamilyandourlovedones52%Wewillhavetoshowsolidaritywiththerestofthepopulationandtrustotherstogetby35%19Description:In2019,themajorityofFrenchpeople,52percent,believedthatoncepost-industrialcivilizationdisappeared,humanswouldonlybeabletorelyonthemselves,theirfamiliesandtheirlovedones.Conversely,35percentbelievedinthepowerofsolidarityandtrustinotherstosurvive.ReadmoreNote(s):France;October2-15,2019;1,003respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):FondationJean-Jaurès;IFOPWhatdoyouthinksocietywilllooklikeafterthecollapseofcivilization?ProspectsforlifeafterthecollapseofcivilizationaccordingtotheFrench201940%36%35%30%25%22%21%21%20%15%10%5%0%Toastressfulanddangeroussocietyin

ToasobersocietybasedonareturnToasocietyofrelativecomfortinwhichwewillprogressivelymanagetoliveaswedidbeforethecollapse,withcertainchangesNoanswerwhichmostofthehumanactivitywillbedevotedtosurvivaltotraditionalagriculture,aconsumptionlimitedtoessentialneeds20Description:Collapsologyisacurrentofthoughtthattheorizesandstudiesthepossibilityofacollapseofpost-industrialsocietyduetoclimatedisruptioncausedbyglobalwarming.ReadmoreNote(s):France;October2-15,2019;1,003respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):FondationJean-Jaurès;IFOPCHAPTER

04ActionstomakeadifferenceWouldyoubereadytoadoptthefollowingmeasurestocombatclimatechange?WillingnesstoadoptmeasurestofightclimatechangeamongFrenchpeople2023ShareofrespondentsNotreally

Probably20%Notatall10%Yes30%0%40%50%60%4%7%6%SortyourwastemoreLowertheheatersinyourhomebyafewdegreesUsepublictransport,cycling,walkingmoreoftenBesuppliedbyrenewableenergiesFavourcyclingorwalkinginsteadofthecarEatlessmeat34%55%12%39%43%8%8%8%16%17%40%36%49%26%18%39%35%35%13%21%21%31%31%16%23%23%Carpool40%Useanelectriccarratherthanathermalcar28%18%22Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedinJune2023,Frenchpeoplewerewillingtoadoptdifferentmeasurestofightclimatechange.Indeed,43percentoftherespondentsdeclaredtheywerereadytolowertheirheatersbyafewdegrees,36percentmentionedtheywerereadytousepublictransport,tocycleortowalkmore,and31percentsaidtheywerewillingtoeatlessmeat.ReadmoreNote(s):France;June20to21,2023;1,007respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):IFOPWouldyousaythatadaptingoursociety,oureconomyandourlifestylestoclimatechangemustbeapriority?OpinionofcitizensregardingenvironmentalissueandourlifestylesinFrance202350%44%45%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%41%11%4%0%Yes,totallyYes,probablyNotreallyNotatall23Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedinFrancein2023,alargemajorityofthepopulationbelieveditwasnecessarytoadaptoursociety,oureconomyandourlifestylestoclimatechange.Indeed,intotaltherewerearound85percentofthosesurveyedwhothoughtthatway.ReadmoreNote(s):France;September1to4,2023;1,507respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):IFOPToactontheenvironmentalsituation,fightagainstpollutionandclimatechange,wouldyousaythatdemonstratinginfavorofpreservationoftheenvironmentisuseful?UsefulnessofdemonstratingfortheprotectionoftheenvironmentinFrance202045%40%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%29%20%10%1%0%VeryusefulQuiteusefulRatherusefulNotusefulatallNoopinion24Description:Accordingtoasurvey,60percentofFrenchrespondentsdonotfindthatdemonstratingorprotestingtoraiseawarenessfortheprotectionoftheenvironmentcouldbeusefultofightclimatechange.Infact,only10percentoftherespondentsin2020acrossFrancedescribeditasveryuseful.ReadmoreNote(s):France;September23-24,2020;1,004respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):Elabe;EnedisDoyoupersonallysupportoropposetheintroductionoflow-emissionzones?Frenchopiniononlow-emissionzonesinFrance2023Totallyopposed14%Fullyinfavor15%Ratheropposed28%Ratherfavorable43%25Description:Accordingtoasurveyconductedin2023,only15percentoftheFrenchrespondentswerefullyinfavoroftheimplementationoflow-emissionzonesinlargecities.Andontheotherhandtherewere14percentofthosesurveyedwhoweretotallyopposedtotheintroductionofthesezones.ReadmoreNote(s):France;June20to21,2023;1,007respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):IFOP;LaTribuneWhichofthefollowingmeasuresdoyouthinkshouldbeimplementedinFrancetocombatclimatechange?NecessityofimplementingmeasurestofightclimatechangeinFrance2023Shareofrespondents0%

5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%45%44%50%Acceleratingindustry'secologicaltransitionInvestinginthermalbuildingrenovationFurtherdevelopinggreenspaces35%33%LimitingairtransportEncouragetheestablishmentoflocal/organicproducestores13%13%Reducetheuseofcombustion-poweredvehiclesandencouragetheuseofsoftmobilityorelectricvehiclesNoneofthesemeasuresOther5%4%26Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedinFrancein2023,45percentoftheFrenchrespondentsbelievedthatacceleratingindustry'secologicaltransitionwasnecessaryinthefightagainstclimatechange.Moreover,44percentoftherespondentsalsobelievedthatinvestinginthermalbuildingrenovationwasequallynecessary.ReadmoreNote(s):France;June20to21,2023;1,007respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):IFOP;LaTribuneDoyouagreewiththefollowingstatement?"Whenitcomestobuyingfood,Iprefertobuylocalproducts."ShareofFrenchfavoringlocalproductsinFrancein2022Donotagree7%Neutral26%Agree67%27Description:Accordingtoasurveyconductedin2022indifferentcountries,67percentoftheFrenchrespondentsdeclaredthatwhenbuyingfoodtheypreferredbuyinglocalproductsinsteadofimportedones.

ReadmoreNote(s):France;Mars2022;19,839respondents;18yearsandolder;Respondentswererepresentativeofthenationalpopulationof18countries(Indonesia,France,Germany,Denmark,Sweden,Canada,Italy,Spain,Australia,Mexico,India,HongKong,GreatBritain,Poland,China,UnitedArabEmirates,Singapore,UnitedStates).ThisgraphconcernsonlyFrenchrespondents.Source(s):YouGovCHAPTER

05Whotosavetheplanet?Foreachofthefollowingactors,wouldyousaytheyhavetheabilitytomakeprogressinthefightagainstglobalwarming?Frenchpeople'sperceptionofwhocouldtakeactionagainstclimatechange2023ShareofrespondentsNotatall20%NotreallyYes,partially30%Yes,totally0%10%10%40%39%50%60%6%6%BigcorporationsTheState45%11%37%46%5%12%LocalgovernmentsMetropolisesCitizens50%33%33%33%5%13%49%4%15%15%48%9%EuropeanUnion36%40%29Description:Accordingtoasurveyconductedin2023,45percentoftheFrenchrespondentsbelievedbigcorporationsweretheoneswiththebiggestabilitytomakeprogressinthefightforclimatechange.ThesameamountofpeoplebelievedtheStatealsohadthesameability.ReadmoreNote(s):France;June20to21,2023;1,007respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):IFOP;LaTribuneArethefollowinginstitutionsabletoactefficientlytopreservebiodiversity?ActorsperceivedasmostimportantregardingbiodiversitypreservationinFrance2023ShareofrespondentsDonotknow10%NotatallProbablynot20%Yes,probably30%Yes,totally40%0%50%60%1%1%1%1%4%NGOsandassociationsTheState10%43%42%5%10%36%36%48%4%Largecompanies11%41%43%4%Citizensingeneral11%48%2%5%Yourself14%47%32%2%3%SmallandmediumsizecompaniesFinancialinstitutions17%53%25%1%7%20%42%30%30Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedinFrancein2023,42percentoftherespondentsbelievedNGOsandassociationswerethemostlikelytoactefficientlytopreservebiodiversity.AroundthesameamountofrespondentsalsobelievedthattheStateandlargecompanieshadthesamepowertoactinfavorofbiodiversity.ReadmoreNote(s):France;Mars27to28,2024;1,005respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):OdoxaWhoistheactorwhoseroleyouthinkisthemostimportantforabetterairquality?ActorperceivedasmostimportantregardingtheairqualityissueinFrance2020Shareofrespondents10%

15%0%5%20%25%30%29%35%ThestateCompanies18%CitiesandCommunitiesConsumersandcitizensAcademics,scientistsandexpertsNGOsandassociationsInvestors13%12%9%5%3%Employees2%2%OtheractorsThemedia1%Noneofthese6%31Description:Accordingtoa2020survey,29percentofFrenchpeoplenamethenationalgovernmentastheprimaryactortoimplementplansforbetterairquality.ReadmoreNote(s):France;January27toFebruary3,2020;1,095respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):IFOP;L’InstitutduCapitalismeResponsablePersonally,wouldyousaythatenvironmentalissueswillbeanimportantornotimportantelementinyourvotingchoiceinthenextpresidentialelection?ImportanceofenvironmentalissuesinthepresidentialelectioninFrance2021Notimportantatall5%Noopinion1%Notreallyimportant20%Veryimportant28%Ratherimportant46%32Description:Whiletheenvironmentisoneofthemajorchallengeshumanitycurrentlyfaces,itisalsooneofthetopicsdebatedinFrenchpoliticaltalks.Indeed,mostFrenchpeoplethinkthatthecurrentgovernmentisnotdoingenough.ReadmoreNote(s):France;March2to3,2021;1,003respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):InstitutMontaigne;Leséchos;RadioClassiqueHaveyouheardaboutthebilloflawpreparedbytheGovernmenttoimplementtheproposalsoftheCitizens'ClimateConvention?Citizens'awarenessoftheCitizens'ClimateConventionlawinFrance2021Yes,butdon'tknowexactlywh