2021—2022學(xué)年度下學(xué)期高一年級(jí)期末考試英語(yǔ)科試卷第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)：（共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ADoflyingcarsonlyexistindreamsofafar-offfuture?Well,thefuturemaybecloserthanyouthink.Let’stakealookatsomemodesoftransportthatwecouldbeusinginthefuture.FlyingtaxiSlovakianengineeringcompanyAeroMobilhasdesignedtheworld’sfirst4-seaterflyingtaxi.AeroMobil’sAMNextisahybrid(混合物)—halfsupercar,halflightweightaircraft.It’sabletotransformbetweenthetwomodesoftransportinfewerthan3minutesasitswingsmoveintotheappropriatepositions.Itisexpectedtobereleasedin2027andwillbeabletoflyadistanceofupto500miles(about800kilometers)betweenmajorcities.GyroscopictransportGyroscopictransportisarevolutionarynewmodeoftransportthatisbeingplanned.Itistheuseoflargepodssupportedbyflexiblelegsthattransportpassengersoverexistingroads.Theselegscanadjusttheirlengthaccordingtotrafficdemandsandtoallowpassengerstoboard.Oneofthebestelementsofthismodeoftransportisthatitcanoperateoverexistinginfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施).HyperloopHyperloophascreatedalotofexcitementrecentlyandreceivedbackingfrommanyinfluentialpeopleinthetechworld.ElonMusk,CEOofSpaceX,isoneofthemainadvocatesofthehyperloop.HehasargueditcouldeasetrafficinLosAngeles,US.Thehyperloopisahigh-speedpublictransportationsysteminwhichpassengerstravelinautonomouselectricpodsatabout965kilometersperhour.VirginHyperloop,aUStransporttechnologycompany,conducteditsfirsthumantrialsofahyperloopsysteminNovember2020.1.WhatdoweknowaboutAeroMobil’sAMNext?A.Itwillbetheworld’sfirstflyingcar.B.Itcouldbeinuseinjust2years’time.C.Itcanflyamaximumof800mileseachtrip.D.Itcanswitchbetweenmodeswithin3minutes.2.Whatisanadvantageofgyroscopictransport?A.Itcantraveleitheraboveorbelowground.B.Itcantravelindependentoftrafficflowontheroads.C.It’squickerandcheapertobuildthanothervehicles.D.Itcanholdmorepassengersthanotherformsoftransport.3.WhatisElonMusk’sattitudetowardthehyperloop?ADoubtful. B.Worried. C.Critical. D.Positive.【答案】1.D2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹的是未來(lái)我們可能會(huì)使用的幾種交通方式?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“It’sabletotransformbetweenthetwomodesoftransportinfewerthan3minutesasitswingsmoveintotheappropriatepositions.(當(dāng)它的機(jī)翼移動(dòng)到合適的位置時(shí)，它能夠在不到3分鐘的時(shí)間內(nèi)在兩種運(yùn)輸方式之間轉(zhuǎn)換。)”可知，飛行汽車(chē)能夠在不到3分鐘之內(nèi)進(jìn)行兩種交通方式之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Oneofthebestelementsofthismodeoftransportisthatitcanoperateoverexistinginfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)(這種運(yùn)輸方式的最佳要素之一是，它可以在現(xiàn)有的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施之上運(yùn)行。)”可知，該交通工具可以獨(dú)立于現(xiàn)有的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施之上來(lái)運(yùn)行。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Hyperloophascreatedalotofexcitementrecentlyandreceivedbackingfrommanyinfluentialpeopleinthetechworld.ElonMusk,CEOofSpaceX,isoneofthemainadvocatesofthehyperloop.(Hyperloop最近制造了很多令人興奮的事情，并得到了科技界許多有影響力人士的支持。SpaceX公司首席執(zhí)行官ElonMusk是Hyperloop的主要倡導(dǎo)者之一。)”可知，Hyperloop制造了許多令人興奮的事情，同時(shí)ElonMusk是Hyperloop的主要倡導(dǎo)者之一，故可以推斷他對(duì)Hyperloop持積極態(tài)度。故選D。BAtjust19yearsold,ZaraRutherfordhasbrokentwoGuinnessWorldRecords.Shebecametheyoungestfemaletoflysoloaroundtheworldandalsothefirstwomantocircumnavigate(環(huán)游)theworldinamicrolight.TheBelgian-BritishteenagerlandedatanairportinBelgiumonJan20aftercompletingajourneycovering52,000kilometers,crossing41countriesandfivecontinents,CNNreported.“It’sjustreallycrazy.Ihaven’tquiteprocessedit,”shetoldreportersonthespotafterlanding.Withbothherparentsbeingpilots,Rutherfordstartedlearningtoflyat14andgotherfirstlicensein2020.Theyoungpilothasalwaysdreamedofflyingaroundtheworldalone.Soshedecidedtotakeagapyearbeforegoingtouniversitytomakethisareality.Rutherfordsoldhercartohelppayforthetripandalsosoughtoutsponsors.TheyincludedherformerschoolStSwithun’sSchoolintheUKandmoreimportantlySharkAero,amanufacturerwhoprovidedherwithatwo-seataircraft.Wheneverythingwasprepared,RutherforddepartedinAugust2021andwassupposedtofinishthetripinthreemonths.Butitwasprolongedintonearlyhalfayearduetobadweather.ThemostdifficultpartofthejourneywasflyingoverSiberiainRussia.“Itwas-20℃intheair…Iftheengineweretofail,Idon’tknowhowlongIcouldhavesurvived,”Rutherfordsaidduringapressconference.Shehadalsoencounteredstorms,wildfires,typhoons,flattiresandbrokenplaneparts.Withthisflightaroundtheglobe,Rutherfordhopestoencouragemoreyounggirlsandwomentoconsideracareerinaviation(航空業(yè)).“Ifyoudon’ttryandseehowhighyoucanfly,thenyou’llneverknow,”RutherfordtoldCNN.“Weareproudofwhatshehasshownthroughout,”JaneGandee,headteacheratStSwithun’sSchool,toldtheBBC.“FiftyofourownstudentshavebeeninspiredbyZaratohaveagoatflying,andIamsurethatherexamplewillserveasinspirationformanymoreyoungwomenaroundtheworld.”4.WhatdoweknowaboutRutherford’svoyage?A.Itwascompletedasscheduled. B.Itwassupportedbythreecharities.C.Shefinishedflightinaboutsixmonths. D.Sheboughtatwo-seataircraft.5.Whatwasthemostdifficultpartofherjourney?A.Encounteringtyphoons. B.Escapingfromwildfires.C.Dealingwithvisaissues. D.FlyingoverSiberia.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesRutherford?A.Braveandcreative. B.Humorousandconfident.C.Toughandinspiring. D.Smartandcautious.7.Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.TeenagerCircumnavigatingtheWorld B.YoungestFemaleFlyingsoloC.FlyingNewHeights D.BreakingWorldRecords【答案】4.C5.D6.C7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述打破兩項(xiàng)吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄的ZaraRutherford成為了最年輕的獨(dú)自環(huán)球飛行的女性，她希望通過(guò)這次飛行鼓勵(lì)更多年輕女孩和女性考慮從事航空事業(yè)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Wheneverythingwasprepared,RutherforddepartedinAugust2021andwassupposedtofinishthetripinthreemonths.Butitwasprolongedintonearlyhalfayearduetobadweather.(當(dāng)一切準(zhǔn)備就緒后，Rutherford于2021年8月出發(fā)，并計(jì)劃在3個(gè)月內(nèi)完成這次旅行。但由于惡劣的天氣，它延長(zhǎng)了近半年)”可知，Rutherford在大約6個(gè)月里完成了飛行。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段首句“ThemostdifficultpartofthejourneywasflyingoverSiberiainRussia.(旅途中最困難的部分是飛越俄羅斯的西伯利亞)”可知，旅途最艱難的部分是飛越西伯利亞。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Itwas-20℃intheair…Iftheengineweretofail,Idon’tknowhowlongIcouldhavesurvived(當(dāng)時(shí)的空氣溫度是零下20℃，如果引擎出了故障，我不知道我還能活多久)”和“Shehadalsoencounteredstorms,wildfires,typhoons,flattiresandbrokenplaneparts.(她還遭遇了風(fēng)暴、野火、臺(tái)風(fēng)、輪胎漏氣和飛機(jī)部件損壞)”以及最后一段中“FiftyofourownstudentshavebeeninspiredbyZaratohaveagoatflying,andIamsurethatherexamplewillserveasinspirationformanymoreyoungwomenaroundtheworld.(我們的50名學(xué)生受到Zara的鼓舞，嘗試飛行，我相信她的榜樣將激勵(lì)世界各地更多的年輕女性)”可知，Rutherford很堅(jiān)強(qiáng)且鼓舞人心。故選C項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段“Atjust19yearsold,ZaraRutherfordhasbrokentwoGuinnessWorldRecords.Shebecametheyoungestfemaletoflysoloaroundtheworldandalsothefirstwomantocircumnavigatetheworldinamicrolight.(年僅19歲的ZaraRutherford已經(jīng)打破了兩項(xiàng)吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄。她成為了最年輕的獨(dú)自環(huán)球飛行的女性，也是第一個(gè)在微光燈下環(huán)球飛行的女性。)”可知，本文主要講述19歲的ZaraRutherford成為了最年輕的獨(dú)自環(huán)球飛行的女性，她希望通過(guò)這次飛行鼓勵(lì)更多年輕女孩和女性考慮從事航空事業(yè)。C項(xiàng)“飛出新高度”適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。CDoyougetnervousthinkingaboutacomingmathtest?Ifyes,youarefarfromalone.Mathanxietyhasbecomeacommonconditionamongstudentsaroundtheworld.Studentsincountrieswithhigherlevelsofmathanxietytendtoachievelowermathgrades,accordingtoastudypublishedbytheNationalAcademyofSciencesonFeb15.Mathanxiety—anegativeemotionalreactiontothecoresubject—causesfear,physicalsufferingandbehaviorproblemsamongyoungpupils,accordingtoaUniversityofCambridgestudy.Somepeoplealsoexperiencephysicalsymptomssuchassweatypalmsoraracingheart.Theymaythentrytoavoideverysituationinvolvingnumbers,meaningtheyareheldbackfrompursuingcareersrelatedtothissubject,suchastechnologyorengineering,accordingtoTheGuardian.Reliefcomesfromthefactthatthosewithmathanxietyaren’tdestined(注定的)tobebadatmath.“Ifachildhasmathanxiety,don’tassumethatthey’renotgoodatmath.Theymayhavehadareallybadexperiencewithmathandtherearewaystoimprovemathachievement,”DanielAnsari,theseniorauthorofthestudytoldTheLondonFreePress.Also,therearewaystomanageyourstressrelatedtomath.Ifyou’refeelingstressedbeforeamathexam,itmayhelptospendafewminutesexploringthosefeelingsbeforetheexambegins.“It’saboutmakingsureyou’reinterpretingyourfeelingscorrectly,”SianBeilock,acognitive(認(rèn)知的)scientisttoldtheBBC.“Justbecauseyouhaveafastheartbeatandsweatypalms,thatdoesnotnecessarilymeanyouwillfail.”Mathdoesn’tcomeeasy,nomatterhowcleveryouare.LeonardodaVinci,thefamousItalianartist,wasahugefanofmathematics.ButhisnotebooksshowthatDaVincicouldn’tdofractions(分?jǐn)?shù)).Hecouldnevergrasp,forinstance,thatdividinganumberbyone-quarteristhesameasmultiplyingbyfour,resultinginahighernumberthantheoriginal.8.Whatdoweknowaboutmathanxiety?A.Peoplewhoaregoodatmathdon’texperiencemathanxiety.B.Itismostcommonlyseenamongteenagers.C.Itcancauseunpleasantsymptomsbothmentallyandphysically.D.Mathanxietyleadstopeoplestrugglingintheircareer.9.WhatdoesDanielAnsari’sstudyimply?A.Mathanxietymaycontributetobettergrades.B.Studentswithmathanxietymayhavehighercognitiveabilities.C.Mathanxietydoesnotreflecttheabilitytosolvemathproblems.D.Badexperiencewithmathcancausecognitivedisadvantages.10.Howshouldyoudealwiththestressrelatedtomathaccordingtothearticle?A.Practicemorebeforeyoutakemathexams.B.Learntounderstandyourfeelings.C.Askcognitiveexpertsforhelp.D.Takeallnervousenergyasachallenge.11.WhyisLeonardodaVinci’sstorymentioned?A.Toshowthatmathdefinitelyisn’teasy.B.Toexplainwhymathisaparticularlydifficultsubject.C.ToshowdaVinci’smathanxietyisveryserious.D.Tosuggestawaytosolvemathanxiety.【答案】8.C9.C10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章介紹了數(shù)學(xué)焦慮以及緩解的方法。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段首句“Mathanxiety—anegativeemotionalreactiontothecoresubject—causesfear,physicalsufferingandbehaviorproblemsamongyoungpupils,accordingtoaUniversityofCambridgestudy.(劍橋大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究表明，數(shù)學(xué)焦慮——一種對(duì)核心學(xué)科的負(fù)面情緒反應(yīng)——會(huì)導(dǎo)致年輕學(xué)生的恐懼、身體痛苦和行為問(wèn)題)”可知，數(shù)學(xué)焦慮會(huì)在精神和身體上引起不愉快的癥狀，故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“‘Ifachildhasmathanxiety,don’tassumethatthey’renotgoodatmath.Theymayhavehadareallybadexperiencewithmathandtherearewaystoimprovemathachievement,’DanielAnsari,theseniorauthorofthestudytoldTheLondonFreePress.(“如果一個(gè)孩子有數(shù)學(xué)焦慮，不要認(rèn)為他們不擅長(zhǎng)數(shù)學(xué)。他們可能有過(guò)非常糟糕的數(shù)學(xué)經(jīng)歷，但有一些方法可以提高數(shù)學(xué)成績(jī)”，該研究的資深作者DanielAnsari在接受《倫敦自由出版社》采訪時(shí)表示)”可知，DanielAnsari的研究表明，數(shù)學(xué)焦慮并不反映解決數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題的能力，故選C項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Ifyou’refeelingstressedbeforeamathexam,itmayhelptospendafewminutesexploringthosefeelingsbeforetheexambegins.‘It’saboutmakingsureyou’reinterpretingyourfeelingscorrectly,’SianBeilock…(如果你在數(shù)學(xué)考試前感到有壓力，在考試開(kāi)始前花幾分鐘探究這些感覺(jué)可能會(huì)有幫助?！斑@是為了確保你正確地理解自己的感受”，SianBeilock說(shuō))”可知，如果你有關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)的壓力，你應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)理解自己的感受，故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。最后一段首句“Mathdoesn’tcomeeasy,nomatterhowcleveryouare.(不管你有多聰明，數(shù)學(xué)都不容易學(xué))”提到，不管你有多聰明，數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)起來(lái)都不容易，接著文章舉了達(dá)芬奇的例子，達(dá)芬奇是數(shù)學(xué)的狂熱愛(ài)好者，但他不會(huì)做分?jǐn)?shù)，以此來(lái)支撐上述觀點(diǎn)，說(shuō)明學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)不容易。故選A項(xiàng)。DThetopic“Howmuchprivacycanaphotoshow”hasbeentrendingonSinaWeibo,causingconcernandheateddiscussionaboutprivacyawareness.Ingroupchats,somepeoplemayposttheiroriginalphotos.Butthatmaygiveawayyourhomeaddressandotherinformation.Imagesoftencontainalotofinformationandvarioustracesleftbydigitalcamerasorphotoprocessingsoftware.Thisdata,calledExchangeableImageFileFormat(EXIF),isakeytoolformanyprofessionals.Itcandetailwhetherthephotographerusedaflash,whichdigitaleffectswereappliedtoapictureandwhenthephotowastaken.EXIFcanalsocontainthepreciseGPScoordinates(坐標(biāo))ofthelocationwhereaphotowastaken,accordingtoCNN.Ifyoutakealandscapepicturefromyourwindowandsendtheoriginalpicturetoagroupchat,itmeansthatyouarereleasingyourlocationdatatoallstrangersinthegroup.Theymayevenaccuratelyinferyourhousenumberbyanalyzingtheshootingtimeandangle.Notjustinagroupchat,sendinganimageinatextmessage,email,orotherdeliverytoolswillalsoincludetheaccompanyinginformation.Sohowdoweprotectourprivacywhensendingphotos?Themosteffectivewayistoavoidsendingoriginalphotosingroupchats.Ifit’snecessary,trynottotapthe“originalpicture”.However,photossentbyWeChatMomentsareautomaticallycompressed(壓縮)bythesystem,andtheytravelwithoutlocationandotherinformation,accordingtotheWeChatteam.Totackletheproblematitsroot,wecandeleteandremoveapicture’sEXIFdataonacomputer.IfyouareusinganIOSsmartphone,youcanturnofflocationservicesforthecameraintheprivacysettings.Ifyou’reusinganAndroid,thesettingsvary.Typically,youcangotothesettingmenuandswitchtheservicesoffforthecamera,accordingtoCTVNews.Thereisonemorethingyoucando—photoshopyourphotosbeforeyoushareit.Whatcomeswithyoureditedimagesisphotoswithoutstoredlocationdata.12.WhatinformationdoesEXIFdatainclude?A.Thehomeaddressoftheviewers. B.Aphoto’sexactshootingtimeandlocation.C.Thelocationwheretheimageissent. D.Howmanytimesaphotohasbeenshared.13.Whencanourpersonalinformationbegivenaway?A.WhenwepostpicturesonWeChatMoments.B.Whenwesendemojisingroupchats.C.Whenweattachoriginalphotostoemails.D.WhenweforwardimagesofothersonWeChatMoments.14.Howcanweprotectourprivacywhensharingphotos?A.Editthephotoswithphotoeditingapps. B.SwitchofflocationservicesforWeChat.C.SendouttheirEXIFdataonourphone. D.Turnoffinternetconnectionwhentakingphotos.15.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Methodstogetpersonalinformationfromphotos.B.Atoolthatcanobtainpersonaldataofphotos.C.Theimportanceofprotectingourprivatepictures.D.Avoidinggivingawaypersonaldatathroughphotosharing.【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章介紹在群聊時(shí)發(fā)送原圖會(huì)泄露很多個(gè)人信息，并說(shuō)明了如何在發(fā)送照片時(shí)保護(hù)隱私?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Itcandetailwhetherthephotographerusedaflash,whichdigitaleffectswereappliedtoapictureandwhenthephotowastaken.EXIFcanalsocontainthepreciseGPScoordinates(坐標(biāo))ofthelocationwhereaphotowastaken,accordingtoCNN.(它可以詳細(xì)描述攝影師是否使用閃光燈、照片使用了哪些數(shù)碼效果以及照片是何時(shí)拍攝的。據(jù)美國(guó)有線電視新聞網(wǎng)報(bào)道，EXIF還可以包含照片拍攝地點(diǎn)的精確GPS坐標(biāo))”可知，EXIF數(shù)據(jù)包含照片拍攝時(shí)間和位置。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Notjustinagroupchat,sendinganimageinatextmessage,email,orotherdeliverytoolswillalsoincludetheaccompanyinginformation.(不只是在群聊中，通過(guò)文本消息、電子郵件或其他交付工具發(fā)送圖像也會(huì)包含相應(yīng)的信息)”可知，在郵件中附上原始照片時(shí)會(huì)泄露個(gè)人信息。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thereisonemorethingyoucando—photoshopyourphotosbeforeyoushareit.Whatcomeswithyoureditedimagesisphotoswithoutstoredlocationdata.(在你分享照片之前，還有一件事你可以做——修改你的照片。編輯過(guò)的照片沒(méi)有存儲(chǔ)位置數(shù)據(jù))”可知，可以通過(guò)照片編輯應(yīng)用程序?qū)⒄掌庉嫼笤俜窒?，這樣可以保護(hù)隱私。故選A項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第五段最后一句“Sohowdoweprotectourprivacywhensendingphotos?(那么，在發(fā)送照片時(shí)，我們?nèi)绾伪Ｗo(hù)自己的隱私呢？)”可知，文章介紹在群聊時(shí)發(fā)送原圖會(huì)泄露很多個(gè)人信息，并說(shuō)明了如何在發(fā)送照片時(shí)保護(hù)隱私。D項(xiàng)“避免通過(guò)照片分享而泄露個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)”能夠總結(jié)文章大意，故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩處為多余選項(xiàng)。Maybeyourmomordadhastoldyou,“Turnthatdownbeforeyougodeaf!”Well,theyhaveapoint.____16____Youalsocouldhavetinnitus(耳鳴),whichisamedicaltermforringingintheears.Yourearscanfeel“full”too.Althoughyourhearingoftenreturnstonormal,thedangerouspartisthatyoucanloseitpermanentlyifyoulistentoloudnoiseormusicoverandoveragain.Ifsomeoneisexposedtoloudnoiseoveralongperiodoftime,permanenthearinglosscanoccur.____17____That’swhyconstructionworkersandfactoryworkersneedtowearearprotection.____18____Somefamousmusicianshavesufferedhearinglossanddevelopedtinnitus—arealproblemforsomeonewhoneedstoheartomakeandenjoymusic.That’swhynowyoumightnoticethatsomeofyourfavoritemusicianswearhearingprotectionwhilethey’replaying.Youtoocanhelpkeepyourhearingingoodshape.Saveyourearsbywearingearprotectionwhenyou’reusingmachinery.____19____Youalsomightwanttogiveyourearsarestonceinawhileifyoulikewearingheadphones.____20____A.However,pleasantsounds,likemusic,dolessharmtohearing.B.Takethesestepsnowandyouwon’tbesaying“What?”lateron.C.Listeningtoloudmusicalotcancausethesamekindofdamage.D.Thismeanstheperson’shearingwon’teverbeasgoodasitoncewas.E.Hearingprotectiondevicescomewithdifferentnoisereductionratings.F.Temporaryhearinglosscanhappenafteryou’vebeenexposedtoloudnoise.G.Alsoremembertoturndownvolume,especiallywhenyou’rewearingheadphones.【答案】16.F17.D18.C19.G20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了噪音對(duì)聽(tīng)力的不良影響以及相對(duì)應(yīng)的解決措施?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Maybeyourmomordadhastoldyou,“Turnthatdownbeforeyougodeaf!”Well,theyhaveapoint.(也許你的媽媽或爸爸告訴過(guò)你，“在你變聾之前，把聲音關(guān)小！”他們說(shuō)得有道理)”可知，聲音太大會(huì)對(duì)聽(tīng)力有傷害，根據(jù)下文“Youalsocouldhavetinnitus(耳鳴),whichisamedicaltermforringingintheears.(你也可能有耳鳴，這是一個(gè)醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)，指的是耳朵嗡嗡響)”中的關(guān)鍵詞also可知，選項(xiàng)與下文并列，也是描述噪音對(duì)聽(tīng)力的影響。故F選項(xiàng)“長(zhǎng)時(shí)間暴露在巨大的噪音之后你就會(huì)出現(xiàn)暫時(shí)性的聽(tīng)力喪失”符合語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Ifsomeoneisexposedtoloudnoiseoveralongperiodoftime,permanenthearinglosscanoccur.(如果一個(gè)人長(zhǎng)時(shí)間暴露在巨大的噪音中，可能會(huì)造成永久性的聽(tīng)力損失)”可知，空處承接上文，繼續(xù)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明永久性的聽(tīng)力損失的后果。故D選項(xiàng)“這意味著這個(gè)人的聽(tīng)力再也不會(huì)像以前那么好了”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】上文是講述噪音對(duì)聽(tīng)力的損害，根據(jù)下文“Somefamousmusicianshavesufferedhearinglossanddevelopedtinnitus—arealproblemforsomeonewhoneedstoheartomakeandenjoymusic.(一些著名的音樂(lè)家有聽(tīng)力損失和耳鳴——對(duì)于那些需要聽(tīng)才能創(chuàng)作和享受音樂(lè)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一個(gè)真正的問(wèn)題)”可知，本段是說(shuō)音樂(lè)太大聲了也會(huì)對(duì)聽(tīng)力造成傷害。故C選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)常聽(tīng)吵鬧的音樂(lè)也會(huì)造成同樣的損害”符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Saveyourearsbywearingearprotectionwhenyou’reusingmachinery.(使用機(jī)械設(shè)備時(shí)戴上護(hù)耳裝置來(lái)保護(hù)你的耳朵)”可知，此處是講述保護(hù)聽(tīng)力的方法，G項(xiàng)“還要記得調(diào)低音量，尤其是戴著耳機(jī)的時(shí)候”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】上文“Saveyourearsbywearingearprotectionwhenyou’reusingmachinery.(使用機(jī)械設(shè)備時(shí)戴上護(hù)耳裝置來(lái)保護(hù)你的耳朵)”及“Youalsomightwanttogiveyourearsarestonceinawhileifyoulikewearingheadphones.(如果你喜歡戴耳機(jī)，你也可以偶爾讓耳朵休息一下)”是講述保護(hù)聽(tīng)力的方法，空處總結(jié)上文，說(shuō)明這些措施的作用。故B選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在就采取這些措施，后來(lái)你就不會(huì)說(shuō)‘什么?’”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。第三部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題，每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）WinterdroveEasternCanadaintoadeepfreeze.Wesatathome,waitingfortheCOVID-19___21___todecrease.Eachofuslookedforwardtosomethingtokeepusgoingthrough:seeingfriends,eatingout,goingtoacinema...Myhopehas___22___beengatheringdustinthegarage.MybikegotlostmonthsaftermovingtoToronto.I___23___myoldbikefaithfullyforalmost20yearsbeforegettingthe___24___,whichthengotstolen,forcingmebacktoOldFaithful.Somepeoplemighthaveabandonedbiking___25___atthatpoint,butnotme.Bikingmeansfreedom.Onmybike,I’m___26___andjammedroadsmeannothing:thereisa___27___toweavebetweencarsintraffic.Thismemorymeansevenmoretomewiththeexperienceoflockdown.Societygritted(咬緊)itsteethinthe___28___thatwejusthadtotoughitoutforayearto___29___.ThenDelta____30____.ThenOmicron.Ayearturnedintotwo,andthat’swhenwereallyneededhope.So,IcountthedaysuntilIcanreturntomybike.Onmybike,I____31____anotherstateofmind.IntheolddayswhenI____32____upahill,inmymindIbecametheleaderintheTourdeFranceandthatinner-cityhillbecametheAlps.Iwouldpushmyselftothe____33____,knowingonceagainthatIcouldgoanywhereandnothingcouldholdmeback.Iamstartingtogetold.Ican’tcycleasfastasIusedto.ButeverytimeIencounterahillIdon’tgive____34____.Ineverwanttolosethissenseoffreedom.I’mwaitingforthatdaywhenI’llescapethepandemicwalls.Iwanttoputonmy____35____andforonebrief,beautifulmoment,befreeagain.21.A.conditions B.cases C.situations D.states22.A.regularly B.generally C.quietly D.frequently23.A.adjusted B.pushed C.accepted D.rode24.A.recovery B.resource C.replacement D.relief25.A.officially B.extremely C.initially D.completely26.A.limitless B.timeless C.worthless D.aimless27.A.scare B.thrill C.threat D.shock28.A.attitude B.arrangement C.knowledge D.concept29.A.cutdown B.keepoff C.getthrough D.breakup30.A.rose B.stuck C.survived D.hit31.A.achieve B.adapt C.overcome D.offer32.A.drove B.lifted C.brought D.powered33.A.edge B.top C.foot D.tip34.A.up B.away C.out D.off35.A.collar B.helmet C.apron D.boots【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.C25.D26.A27.B28.C29.C30.D31.A32.D33.B34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。講述了作者希望疫情隔離結(jié)束，重拾自行車(chē)騎行。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們坐在家里，等待新冠肺炎病例減少。A.conditions條件；B.cases病例；C.situations情形；D.states狀態(tài)。根據(jù)前文的“waitingfortheCOVID-19”可知，是期待新冠病例的減少。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我希望在車(chē)庫(kù)里靜靜地積滿(mǎn)了灰塵。A.regularly定期地；B.generally一般地；C.quietly靜悄悄地；D.frequently頻繁地。根據(jù)后文的“gatheringdustinthegarage.”可知，由于疫情，作者許久未出家門(mén)，許久沒(méi)有騎自行車(chē)。車(chē)一直在車(chē)庫(kù)里靜靜地待著積累了許多灰塵。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我一直騎我的舊自行車(chē)將近20年，直到換了新的，然后它被偷了，迫使我使用我的老自行車(chē)。A.adjusted調(diào)整；B.pushed推動(dòng)；C.accepted接受；D.rode騎車(chē)。根據(jù)后文的“myoldbike”可知，作者騎老舊的自行車(chē)騎了20年。故選D。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.recovery恢復(fù)；B.resource資源；C.replacement替代物；D.relief寬慰。根據(jù)前文的“I___3___myoldbikefaithfullyforalmost20years.”可知，作者騎了這個(gè)老舊的自行車(chē)騎了20年，所以作者換了一個(gè)新的自行車(chē)。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：有些人可能已經(jīng)完全放棄騎自行車(chē)了，但我不是。A.officially官方地；B.extremely尤其地；C.initially起初地；D.completely完全地。根據(jù)前文“Somepeoplemighthaveabandonedbiking”可知，有些人會(huì)完全的丟棄老舊的自行車(chē)，而作者選擇繼續(xù)時(shí)候老舊自行車(chē)。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在我的自行車(chē)上，我是無(wú)拘無(wú)束的，擁堵的道路毫無(wú)意義：在車(chē)流中穿梭是一種刺激。A.limitless無(wú)拘無(wú)束的；B.timeless永恒的；C.worthless一文不值的；D.aimless漫無(wú)目的的。根據(jù)前文的“Bikingmeansfreedom.”可知，騎行自行車(chē)對(duì)于作者來(lái)說(shuō)是自由的。故是無(wú)拘無(wú)束的。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.scare恐懼；B.thrill激動(dòng)；C.threat威脅；D.shock震驚。根據(jù)前文“Bikingmeansfreedom.Onmybike,I’m___6___andjammedroadsmeannothing”可知，作者騎行自行車(chē)是無(wú)拘無(wú)束的，是激動(dòng)的。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們這個(gè)社會(huì)都咬緊牙關(guān)，因?yàn)槲覀冎?，我們只需要?jiān)持一年就能度過(guò)難關(guān)。A.attitude態(tài)度；B.arrangement安排；C.knowledge知識(shí)；D.concept概念。根據(jù)后文“thatwejusthadtotoughitoutforayearto___9___.”可知，在疫情當(dāng)前艱難的情況下，整個(gè)社會(huì)深切地知道一定會(huì)度過(guò)難關(guān)。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：同上。A.cutdown削減；B.keepoff遠(yuǎn)離；C.getthrough度過(guò)；D.breakup解散，分手。根據(jù)前文的“Societygritted(咬緊)itsteethinthe___8___thatwejusthadtotoughitoutforayear”可知，只需要我們堅(jiān)持一年，疫情就會(huì)過(guò)去。故選C。【30題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后Delta病毒來(lái)襲。A.rose升起；B.stuck敲擊；C.survived幸存；D.hit襲擊。根據(jù)后文“ThenOmicron.Ayearturnedintotwo,andthat’swhenwereallyneededhope.”可知是Delta病毒來(lái)襲。故選D?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：騎上我的自行車(chē)，我又實(shí)現(xiàn)了一種心境。A.achieve實(shí)現(xiàn)，達(dá)到；B.adapt適應(yīng)；C.overcome克服；D.offer提供。根據(jù)后文“inmymindIbecametheleaderintheTourdeFranceandthatinner-cityhillbecametheAlps.”可知，當(dāng)作者騎上自行車(chē)那一刻，就達(dá)到了另外一種心境，即：在作者的腦海中，作者成了環(huán)法自行車(chē)賽的領(lǐng)跑者，市中心的山丘成了阿爾卑斯山脈。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在我的腦海中，我成了環(huán)法自行車(chē)賽的領(lǐng)跑者，市中心的山丘成了阿爾卑斯山脈。A.drove開(kāi)車(chē)；B.lifted舉起；C.brought帶來(lái)；D.powered驅(qū)動(dòng)。根據(jù)后文“inmymindIbecametheleaderintheTourdeFranceandthatinner-cityhillbecametheAlps.”可知，作者是自行車(chē)愛(ài)好者，故應(yīng)驅(qū)車(chē)上山。故選D。【33題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我會(huì)把自己推向巔峰，再一次知道我可以去任何地方，沒(méi)有什么能阻止我。A.edge邊緣；B.top頂端；C.foot腳下；D.tip尖端。根據(jù)前文的“inmymindIbecametheleaderintheTourdeFranceandthatinner-cityhillbecametheAlps.”可知，作者是騎車(chē)上山，到達(dá)山頂。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：但每次我遇到一座山，我都不會(huì)放棄。A.giveup放棄；B.giveaway捐贈(zèng)；C.giveout分發(fā)；D.giveoff釋放。根據(jù)后文的“Ineverwanttolosethissenseoffreedom.”可知，作者不想失去自由的感覺(jué)，作者遇到每一座高山都不會(huì)放棄。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我想戴上頭盔在這短暫而美麗的時(shí)刻，重獲自由。A.collar領(lǐng)子；B.helmet頭盔；C.apron圍裙；D.boots靴子。根據(jù)前文，“So,IcountthedaysuntilIcanreturntomybike.Onmybike,I___11___anotherstateofmind.”可知，作者是自行車(chē)騎行愛(ài)好者，故應(yīng)該是等待疫情結(jié)束，戴上頭盔去騎行。故選B。第二節(jié)（共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thepandemichasmademanypeopleask:Dowehaveenoughfood?____36____theGovernmentWorkReportofChinanoted,in2022thegovernmentwillensurethecountry’s“ricebag”and“vegetablebasket”stay____37____(fill).Chinawillcarryoutpolicies____38____(ensure)thattheareaoffarmland____39____(remain)abovetheredline.____40____willnotbeallowedtousefarmlandfornon-agriculturalpurposes.Buttheultimatesolutiontoavoidingfood____41____(short)liesindevelopingscienceandtechnology,saidPresidentXiJinpingatameetingonMarch6.Chinawill____42____(active)pressaheadwith____43____eight-yearactionplanonbasicresearch.“Wewillprovidemoresupporttoyoung____44____(research),andencourageoutstandingpeopleofalltypestodevotethemselves_____45_____research,”readthereport.【答案】36.As37.filled38.toensure39.remains40.It41.shortage42.actively43.an44.researchers45.to【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了疫情下的中國(guó)將確保國(guó)家的“糧袋子”和“菜籃子”處于充足的狀態(tài)，并且禁止占用農(nóng)業(yè)耕地來(lái)進(jìn)行其它非農(nóng)活動(dòng)。文章指出解決糧食短缺的根本辦法在于發(fā)展科技，因此中國(guó)將大力支持年輕的科研工作者?！?6題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：正如《中國(guó)政府工作報(bào)告》指出，在2022年中國(guó)政府將確保其“糧袋子”和“菜籃子”處于充足的狀態(tài)。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)填引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞，作noted的賓語(yǔ)，指代逗號(hào)后的整個(gè)內(nèi)容，且放在句首，結(jié)合語(yǔ)意可知，此處意為“正如……”，應(yīng)用as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。故填A(yù)s?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：正如《中國(guó)政府工作報(bào)告》指出，在2022年中國(guó)政府將確保其“糧袋子”和“菜籃子”處于充足狀態(tài)。分析句子可知，空處前的stay為連系動(dòng)詞，空處應(yīng)填形容詞作表語(yǔ)，fill的形容詞為其過(guò)去分詞形式。故填filled?！?8題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：中國(guó)將實(shí)施政策來(lái)確保農(nóng)田面積保持在紅線以上。分析句子可知，willcarryout是謂語(yǔ)，空處與謂語(yǔ)之間無(wú)連詞連接，空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式，由句意可知，此處表目的，空處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)。故填toensure?！?9題詳解】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：中國(guó)將實(shí)施政策來(lái)確保農(nóng)田面積保持在紅線以上。分析句子可知，that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句的主語(yǔ)是thearea，意為“面積”，抽象名詞不可數(shù)，空處應(yīng)做謂語(yǔ)，結(jié)合語(yǔ)意可知，此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故remain應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。故填remains。【40題詳解】考查代詞。句意：不得將農(nóng)田用于非農(nóng)業(yè)用途。分析句子可知，空處后是謂語(yǔ)willnotbeallowed，故空處應(yīng)作主語(yǔ)，結(jié)合語(yǔ)意可知，此處考查it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式短語(yǔ)tousefarmlandfornon-agriculturalpurposes，主語(yǔ)過(guò)長(zhǎng)，為了結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，借助形式主語(yǔ)it避免句子頭重腳輕，放在句首，首字母大寫(xiě)。故填I(lǐng)t?！?1題詳解】考查名詞。句意：國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平3月6日在一個(gè)會(huì)議上說(shuō)，但是避免糧食短缺的最終解決辦法在于發(fā)展科技。分析句子可知，空處前avoiding是動(dòng)詞，后跟賓語(yǔ)，空處前的food是名詞作定語(yǔ)修飾空處，空處應(yīng)填名詞與food一起構(gòu)成avoiding的賓語(yǔ)，意為“糧食短缺”，應(yīng)用名詞形式shortage，抽象名詞不可數(shù)。故填shortage。42題詳解】考查副詞。句意：中國(guó)將積極地推動(dòng)為期八年的基礎(chǔ)研究行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)用副詞作狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)pressaheadwith。故填actively?！?3題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：中國(guó)將積極地推動(dòng)為期八年的基礎(chǔ)研究行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。分析句子可知，plan是可數(shù)名詞，此處用單數(shù)形式表泛指，故空處應(yīng)用不定冠詞表泛指，eight-year發(fā)音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，應(yīng)用不定冠詞an。故填an。【44題詳解】考查名詞。句意：“我們將為年輕研究人員提供更多支持，并鼓勵(lì)各種類(lèi)型的杰出人士投身于研究，”報(bào)告中寫(xiě)道。分析句子可知，空處前的young是形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾空處，空處應(yīng)填名詞形式，意為“研究人員”，應(yīng)用researcher，結(jié)合語(yǔ)意可知，空處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式與并列連詞and后的outstandingpeople保持一致。故填researchers?！?5題詳解】考查介詞。句意：“我們將為年輕研究人員提供更多支持，并鼓勵(lì)各種類(lèi)型的杰出人士投身于研究，”報(bào)告中寫(xiě)道。分析句子可知，此處考查固定短語(yǔ)devoteoneselfto…，意為“獻(xiàn)身于，致力于”。故填to。第三部分寫(xiě)作（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分40分）第一節(jié)（滿(mǎn)分15分）46.為了幫助學(xué)生健康成長(zhǎng)，你校英語(yǔ)報(bào)開(kāi)辟了“Heart-To-Heart”專(zhuān)欄。假設(shè)你是該欄目的編輯李華，收到署名為Worried的求助信。信中該同學(xué)向你訴說(shuō)了自己的困擾：考試臨近時(shí)，他總會(huì)感到焦慮。請(qǐng)你給他回信，內(nèi)容主要包括：1.表示理解并給予安慰。2.提出建議。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。3.開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearWorried,I’msorrytoknowthatyou’rehavingabadtimeatthemoment.______________________________________________________________________________