十一名詞性從句

語(yǔ)法精講一.主語(yǔ)從句

主語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ)it

代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

Itdoesn'tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.

Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.

ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.

1.用it作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)

(1)Itis+名詞+從句

Itisafactthattheearthisround.

ItisanhonorthatmanyspecialistscametoourEnglishclass.

Itiscommonknowledgethatyousay“hello“toyourteacherwhenyoufirst

meetheratschool.

Itisarulethatweshouldcometoclassbefore8c'clock.

(2)itis+形容詞+從句

Itisnaturalthathecan'tspeakexcellentChinese,asheisanAustralian.

Itisstrangethatshecametoschoollatethismorning.

(3)itis+不及物動(dòng)詞+從句

Itseemsthatitisgoingtorain.

IthappenedthatImetanoldfriendofmineinthestreetyesterday.

(4)it+過(guò)去分詞+從句

(Itisreported/said/proved/believed/known/expected/thought***)

ItisreportedthatChinaisgoingtolaunch“ShengZhou“Sixthisyear.

Ithasbeenprovedthatyouarewrong.

ItissaidthatthatwashowChinesefirstraisedsilkworms.

2.主語(yǔ)從句不可位于句首的五種情況

(1)if引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。

(2)Itissaid,(reported)…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：

ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek,(right)

ThatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.(wrong)

(3)IthappensItoccurs---結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：

Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination,(right)

Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.(wrong)

(4)Itdoesn'tmatterhow/whether…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：

Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.(right)

Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn,tmatter,(wrong)

(5)含主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：

Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?(right)

Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?(wrong)

3.What與that在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別

What引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語(yǔ).賓語(yǔ).表語(yǔ)，而that則

不然。例如：

1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.

2)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.

二.賓語(yǔ)從句

賓語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)

或介詞之后。

1.作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)

(1)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(that通?？梢允÷?，例如：

Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.

(2)由what,whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，例如：

1)Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.

2)Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.

(3)動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：

Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.

2.作介詞的賓語(yǔ)

例如：Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.

3.作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)

例如：Iamafraid(that)Vvemadeamistake.

4.It可以作為形式賓語(yǔ)

It不僅可以作為形式主語(yǔ)，還可以作為形式賓語(yǔ)而真正的賓語(yǔ)that從句則放在句尾,

特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中。例如：

Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth..

Wemakeitclearthatwewon,tcomebacktillnextweek.

5.后邊不能直接跟that從句的動(dòng)詞

這類動(dòng)詞有allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,want,

need,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。這類詞后

可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。

Iadmiretheirwinningthematch,(right)

Iadmirethattheywonthematch,(wrong)

6.否定的轉(zhuǎn)移

若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,

imagine等，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上，從句

謂語(yǔ)用肯定式。例如：

Idon'tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.(我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。)

7.Whether和if區(qū)別。

A.主語(yǔ)從句用whether,不用if.

B.在不定式之前用whether,不用if.

C.在介詞之后用whether,不用if.

D.在discuss/discussion/nodifference等之后用whether.

E.在賓語(yǔ)從句中用whetherornot或者whether...ornot,或者if......ornot,

但不能用ifornot.

三.表語(yǔ)從句

表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)+連系

動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句”?？梢越颖碚Z(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be,look,remain,seem等。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)

從句的that常可省略。另外，常用的還有thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause等

結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

1）Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.

2）Thisiswhywecan'tgetthesupportofthepeople

3）Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.

4）Thereasonwhyheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.

四.同位語(yǔ)從句

同位語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語(yǔ)的名詞性從句。

1.同位語(yǔ)從句的功能

同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說(shuō)明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，例如：

1）Theking'sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedall

thepeople.

2）Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.

2.同位語(yǔ)在句子中的位置

同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如：

HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.

3.同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

定語(yǔ)從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)又在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)），

而同位語(yǔ)從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。

定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或

特征；同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。例如：

1）ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.（他告訴我

的消息是湯姆明年將出國(guó)。）（第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中

作賓語(yǔ)）

2）ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.（湯姆將出國(guó)的消息是他講

的。）（同位語(yǔ)從句，that在句中不作任何成分）

語(yǔ)法精練:

1.Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.

A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for

2.hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.

A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Thefact

3.we'11gocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.

A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where

4.the2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijinghasalreadybeenknown.

A.WhetherB.IfC.ThatD.What

5.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It

6.mattermuchwhowillgotothefilm.

A.ThereisnoB.ItisnoC.Itdoesn'tD.Thatdoesn't

7.Goandgetyourcoat.It'syouleftit.

A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere

8.Astimewenton,Ifoundmyhometownwasn'tithadbeenlike.

A.howB.thatC.whichD.what

9.Energyis_____makethingswork.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.something

10.Thebadnewshermotherhaddiedfrightenedher.

A.thatB.whichC.ifD.when

11.Oursuggestionwasmadeshopsremainopentill10o'clock..

A.whatB.thatC.whichD.when

12.Noonecanbesureinamillionyears.

A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklike

C.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike

13.It'sgenerallyunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.

A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whatever

14.一一Doyourememberhecame?

一一Yes,Ido.Hecameherebycar.

A.howB.whenC.thatD.if

15.Irememberthisusedtobeaquietvillage.

A.whenB.howC.whereD.what

16.leavestheclassroomlastshouldturnoffthelights.

A.NomatterwhoB.WhoeverC.SheD.Whoever

17.Thebossmadeapromiseariseinpay.

A.theworkersgotB.theworkerswillget

C.thattheworkerswouldgetD.whenwouldtheworkersget

18.Thereasonforhisbeinglateishedidn'tcatchtheearlybus.

A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.becauseof

19.Itisnotyetknownweshalltakepartinthesportsmeeting.

A.thatB.whetherornotC.ifornotD.whetheror

20.Iknownothingaboutherexceptyoutoldme.

A.whatB.thatC.howD.where

21.isthemostusefulinvention?

A.DoyouthinkwhichoftheseB.Whichofthesedoyouthink

C.WhichoftheseyouthinkD.Youthinkwhichofthese

22.inthenewspaperthattheJapaneseministerwillarrivenextMonday.

A.Itsay