高一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法重難點(diǎn)講解

一高一英語(yǔ)必備

定語(yǔ)從句

1.定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)及理解

2.定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞的使用

3.定語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化表達(dá)

知識(shí)總結(jié)歸納

（-）定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某個(gè)名詞或代詞的句子（做這個(gè)名詞或代詞的定

語(yǔ)）叫定語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞后面，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做定

語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，它與定語(yǔ)從句之間要有一個(gè)詞連接，這個(gè)詞指代先行詞的內(nèi)容叫做關(guān)系詞

（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞：that,which,who,whose,when,where,why）。先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中

充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因狀語(yǔ)。

結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語(yǔ)從句。

1.Thereshesawawallofwaterthatwasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.

2.InJapan,someonewhoseesanotherpersonmakingthegesturewillthinkitmeansmoney.

3.Athemeparkisacollectionofrides,exhibitionsorotherattractionsthatarebasedona

commontheme.

4.Theparkhasaconservationcenterthathelpsprotectmarineanimalsandtheirhabitatsinthe

riversandcoastalwatersofAsia.

5.Visitorscangoonexcitingrideswheretheycanfeelwhatitisliketodothethingstheyhave

seentheirheroesdointhemovie.

6.OprahWinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofameisaninspiringstory.

（-）定語(yǔ)從句分為限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句：

限定性定語(yǔ)從句：從句對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行必要的描述或說(shuō)明，缺少它，則句義顯得不完整，

從句與先行詞緊密相連。

非限定性定語(yǔ)從句：對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，解釋?zhuān)c先行詞之間有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。

1.Beforeshecouldmove,sheheardaloudnoise,whichgrewtoaterribleroar.

2.Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbythewater,whichmusthavebeenthreemetersdeep.

3.Flora,whosebeautifulhairanddresswereallcoldandwet,startedcrying.

4.Theirtalkincludesrhythmandrhymingwordsaswellastonguetwisters,whichoftenmake

theaudienceapplaud.

（三）關(guān)系詞前面可以根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容加上一些介詞，這些關(guān)系詞在介詞后面常用

which或whom.

1.TherewasamanwithwhomIwouldhavetoworktogetherandfinallythemanagerofthe

company.

2.Manypeoplewhosawthefilmwereafraidtoswimintheseawhentheyrememberedthe

scenesinwhichpeoplewereeatenbytheshark.

知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)

（一）當(dāng)先行詞有最高級(jí)，序數(shù)詞修飾，是不定代詞，或是all,no,only等形式時(shí)，關(guān)系代

詞一般用that,而不能用whicho

1.TheTitanicwasthelargestshipthathadeverbeenbuiltatthattime.

2.Thereisonethingthatkeepsworryingme.

(二)當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因的詞時(shí),關(guān)系詞用when,where,why還有which,that

1.TmverygladtoreturntomyhometownwhereIhadlivedfor10years.

2.ThisismyhometownwhichIusedtotalkabouttoyou.

3.1thinkIcanunderstandthereasonwhyhedidn'ttellthetruthtome.

4.Noonebelievesthereasonthathegaveusabouthisabsenceatthemeeting.

(三)定語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化表達(dá)：

1.ThemanwhoissittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.

2.Theletterthatwasmailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.

3.Thequestionthatisbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.

4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:45.

說(shuō)明：以上的定語(yǔ)從句部分可以用更加簡(jiǎn)單的非謂語(yǔ)形式表達(dá)出來(lái)：

1.ThemansittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.

2.Thelettermailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.

3.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.

4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:45.

說(shuō)明：修飾一個(gè)名詞除了后面用定語(yǔ)從句以外，還可以用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：doing短語(yǔ),

done短語(yǔ)，beingdone短語(yǔ)，tobedone短語(yǔ)修飾。其結(jié)構(gòu)和意思如下：

1.被修飾名詞+doing短語(yǔ)：正在做.…的人/正在發(fā)生的事。

2.被修飾名詞+done短語(yǔ)：被…的人/事

3.被修飾名詞+beingdone短語(yǔ)：正在被.的人/事

4.被修飾名詞+tobedone短語(yǔ)：將要被..…的人/事

(1)Doyouknowthemantalkingtomysister?

(2)The“crazy“gesture,movingtheindexfingerinacircleinfrontoftheear,means”you

haveaphonecall^^inBrazil.

(3)Didyouseethatcarbeingrepaired?

(4)Inacamera,thelensmustbefocusedontheobjecttobephotographed.

(5)Thestudentstoattendthemeetingwillarriveheretomorrow.

(6)GoodsimportedfromabroadarenotalwaysbetterthanthosemadeinChina.

(7)TheYellowRiver,saidtobe"ihemotherriver“runsacrossChinalikeahugedragon.

總結(jié)：以上做定語(yǔ)的那些短語(yǔ)就是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中所說(shuō)的分詞，不定式的各種形式作定語(yǔ)。

1.這些短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)應(yīng)放在被修飾名詞的后面。如果單獨(dú)一個(gè)V-ing或V-ed形式作定語(yǔ)，

則可以放在被修飾名詞前面。

2.分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其動(dòng)作應(yīng)與全句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。V-ing表示主動(dòng)意義和正在做，V-ed

表示被動(dòng)意義。beingdone表示正在被做的

3.不定式作定語(yǔ)表示將要發(fā)生的，tobedone表示將要被做的

【典型例題】

[例1]Friendshipisneededbyall,playsanimportantroleinpeople,slives.

A.whichB.thatC.whoD.it

分析：playsanimportantroleinpeople'slives為非限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞

Friendship用which連接定語(yǔ)從句。

答案：A

[例2]UncleLiIworkedthreeyearsagohasretirednow.

A.whoB.whomC.withwhomD.towhom

分析：Iworkedthreeyearsago作為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞UncleLi,從句完整的表

達(dá)是：IworkedwithUncleLithreeyearsago.所以關(guān)系詞前應(yīng)加上介詞with。

答案：C

[例3]Isthisthereasonatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?

A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained

分析：定語(yǔ)從句atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork修飾先行詞thereason

指“他在會(huì)上就他工作中的粗心解釋的原因。先行詞在從句中做賓語(yǔ)。

答案：A

H列4]Teachers,workisratherhard,arebeingbetterpaidthanbefore.

A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whose

分析：非限定性定語(yǔ)從句workisratherhard修飾先行詞teachers,它與從句中的

work是從屬關(guān)系，關(guān)系詞用whose

答案：D

[例5]TheOlympicGames,in776BC,didn'tincludedwomenplayersuntil1912.

A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayed

C.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying

分析:公元前776年被首次舉行的奧運(yùn)會(huì)，直到1912年才容納女運(yùn)動(dòng)員。in776BC

做定語(yǔ)修飾TheOlympicGames,指過(guò)去的內(nèi)容，表示被動(dòng)。用done做定語(yǔ)。

答案：C

[例6]Thehousesfortheteachersandtheconstructionworkwillstartsoon.

A.builtB.tobebuiltC.tobuildD.beingbuilt

分析：根據(jù)句意房子即將開(kāi)工。fortheteachersandtheconstructionwork修飾The

houses應(yīng)為T(mén)hehousesThehouses將要為教師和施工修建的房子。

答案：B

H列7JHowmanyofus,ameetingthatisnotimportanttouswouldbeinterestedinthe

discussion?

A.attendedB.attendingC.toattendD.haveattended

分析：根據(jù)句意：比如說(shuō)，我們當(dāng)中參加一個(gè)對(duì)我們毫不重要的會(huì)議的人會(huì)有多少人對(duì)

這個(gè)討論感興趣呢？,say,ameetingthatisnotimportanttous修飾Howmanyofus做定

語(yǔ)。與全句動(dòng)作同步.

答案：B

[例8JShehasthreechildren,isworkinginAustralia.

A.whoB.oneofwhomC.oneofthemD.noneofthem

分析：非限定性定語(yǔ)從句—isworkinginAustralia修飾先行詞threechildren,根據(jù)從句

中的is判斷，是說(shuō)：三個(gè)孩子中的一個(gè)在澳大利亞工作。

答案：B

【模擬試題】

1.Susanistheverygirlthegooddeed.

A.whomIthinkdidB.whomIthinkshedid

C.whoIthinkdidD.Ithinkwhodid

2.Luckily,thepoorboyhadenoughmoneyhecouldbuyatrainticket.

A.bywhichB.onwhichC.withwhichD.forwhich

3.Thebookhedevotedmuchtimeistocomeoutnextmonth.

A.whereB.whichC.towhichD.onwhich

4.ThedaycamefinallyIwasgivenanopportunitytoactintheplay.

A.whenB.inthatC.whichD.inwhich

5.1.Don'tyouthinkthequestiontomorrowisofgreatimportance.

A.beingdiscussedB.discussed

C.tobediscussedD.todiscuss

6.Thefoodatthemomentisforthedinnerparty.

A.cookedB.tobecookedC.isbeingcookedD.beingcooked

7.Doyouknowtheteacherunderthebigtree?

A.readB.readsC.readingD.beingread

【試題答案】

1.CSusan正是我認(rèn)為作了好事的那位女孩。先行詞theverygirl在從句中做think的賓

語(yǔ)，同時(shí)又是后面賓語(yǔ)從句didthegooddeed.的主語(yǔ)，所以關(guān)系詞不能用whom

2.C定語(yǔ)從句hecouldbuyatrainticket.修飾先行詞money：用這筆錢(qián)買(mǎi)火車(chē)票。

關(guān)系詞前面需要加介詞：with

3.C定語(yǔ)從句hedevotedmuchtime意思是：他把大量的時(shí)間都投入在這本書(shū)上

了。devote....tosth.關(guān)系詞前加介詞：to

4.A定語(yǔ)從句Iwasgivenanopportunitytoactintheplay修飾先行詞theday：先

行詞theday在從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：在這一天我得到了扮演一個(gè)角色的機(jī)會(huì)。

5.C短語(yǔ)tomorrow做定語(yǔ)修飾thequestion,根據(jù)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容：明天即將被討論

的問(wèn)題。應(yīng)當(dāng)用不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)做定語(yǔ)7

6.D短語(yǔ)atthemoment做thefood的定語(yǔ)，表示：正在做的食物。Beingdone做定

語(yǔ)表示：正在被...的....O

7.C現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)readingunderthebigtree做定語(yǔ)修飾theteacher表示：正在大樹(shù)下看

書(shū)的那位老師。

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測(cè)表達(dá)

2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)虛擬語(yǔ)氣

3.某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法

知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)總結(jié)

知識(shí)重點(diǎn)：

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在表達(dá)推測(cè)意義的句子中的運(yùn)用：

（一）用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)事實(shí)的推測(cè)。can,could,might,may,must可以用來(lái)表達(dá)對(duì)事實(shí)的

推測(cè)。根據(jù)說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)事實(shí)的把握性大小，must表示“肯定…”，may/might/can/could<

示“可能...”,must只用于肯定句中，may/might的否定式maynot/mightnot表示“可

能不……”，而can/could可以用于疑問(wèn)句，表示“可能，可能……嗎？”，其否定式can't/

couldn9t表示“不可能”o用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)。對(duì)不同的時(shí)間內(nèi)

容推測(cè)有不同的結(jié)構(gòu)。

（二）對(duì)現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)：

主要結(jié)構(gòu)：…must/may/might+動(dòng)詞原形

be+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語(yǔ)

be+doing

例句：

1.YoumustbeJeanne.TmMathildeLoisei.Weusedtoknoweachotherverywell.

2.Theymustbeinbedalreadyatthistimeofthenight.

3.Theteachermustbejoking.

4.Fredaisn'tinclass.Shemustbesick.

5.Theremustbesomethingwrong.

6.Shemightbeveryclever,butshehasn'tgotmuchcommonsense.

7.Hemaybearrivingthisevening.

8.Hemaybetravelingaroundtheworld.

9.Thekeyscan'tbeintheroom.Ihavejustsearcheditverycarefully.

10.Canthenewsbetrue?

（三）對(duì)過(guò)去的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)：結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone/been+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語(yǔ)

例句：

I.Mrs.Longmansmusthavebeenaprettygirlinheryouth.

2.Hecouldn'thaveseenAnnayesterday.She'sgoneabroad.

3.1thinkImusthaveleftmyglassesinthelibrary.

4.Hemighthaveoversleptagain.

5.WherecanTomhavegone?

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)虛擬語(yǔ)氣：表達(dá)“本來(lái)…”，“不然早就…”。這是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一種虛擬

語(yǔ)氣用法。表示說(shuō)話(huà)人所講的與所發(fā)生的事實(shí)相反。表達(dá)了說(shuō)話(huà)人的埋怨，后悔的語(yǔ)氣。其

結(jié)構(gòu)是在一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加havedone結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)要表達(dá)的意思，有如下結(jié)構(gòu)：

shouldhavedone/oughttohavedone：本應(yīng)該...

shouldn'thavedone/oughtn'ttohavedone：本不該...

couldhavedone：本來(lái)可以...

needn'thavedone：本來(lái)沒(méi)必要...

wouldliketohavedone：本來(lái)很想...

wouldrathernothavedone:本來(lái)不愿意...

could/might/havedone:不然早就...

例句：

1.Youshouldn'thavelaughedathismistakes.

2.Youcouldhavetoldusearlier.

3.1oughttohaveboughtthatdictionarylastweek.

4.Yououghtnottohavespentsomuchtimeinreadingnovels.

5.Weneednothavebeeninatearinghurrytocatchthetrain.

6.Theywouldliketohaveseenthatfilmlastfilm.

7.Ifhehadgivenmehisnumber,Icouldhavetelephonedhim.

8.Theymighthavebeenfrozentodeathbutfortherescueintime.

知識(shí)難點(diǎn)：

某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法：

need和dare的兩種形式的用法

need和dare可以用做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，后面接不定式（todo）結(jié)構(gòu)，在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中，加助

動(dòng)詞do/does/did/或dorft/doesrTt/didrTt。作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用時(shí)，主要用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞needn't（沒(méi)有必要，不必）相當(dāng)于don'thaveto

例句：

1.Itiscold,youneedtowearsomewarmclothes.

2.NeedIstayherewithyouforawhile?Thankyou,youneedn't.

3.Howdareyouspeaktoparentslikethat?

注意：

句型Idaresay+從句。意思是：我肯定...二I'msure或Thereisnodoubtthat+從句。

例句：

IdaresaythatmyunclewillgetthemoneyifIdie.

will和would

表示“意志”或“愿意”，would則指過(guò)去愿意做……

例句：

1.Hesaidthathewouldhelpus.

2.Youmaytelephoneifyouwillacceptthisjob.

would可以表達(dá)“過(guò)去習(xí)慣做……”類(lèi)似于"usedtodo”

例句：

1.Whenwewerechildren,wewouldgoswimmingeverysummerinthatriver.

表示請(qǐng)求，固定的句型：Will/Wouldyoupleasedo...?/Wouldyouliketodo...?

例句：Will/Wouldyoupleasegivehimamessagewhenyouseehim?

shall

1.用于第一，三人稱(chēng)，表示“請(qǐng)求”；“建議”或“推薦”

例句：

1.Shallwestartthemeetingnow?

2.ShallIwatchTVnow?

3.Shallmysoncarrythecaseforyou?

2.用于第二人稱(chēng)，表示“命令，“要求”，“許諾”

例句：

1.Youshalltakewhateveryoulike.

2.Youshallnotgotothepartywithmeifyoumakesomuchnoiseagain.

在表示推測(cè)的否定句或疑問(wèn)句中，常用can/caift/could/couldn't表示，意思是：“可

能…嗎？"；“…不可能…”。而不能使用mustn't或must等詞。

【典型例題】

1.—Doyouthinkhewilldomeafavor?

—AsfarasIknow,heisthelastonetohelpothers.Hebepreparedtogiveyoua

hand,though.

A.mightB.mustC.canD.should

分析：本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞推測(cè)性用法。根據(jù)heisthelastonetohelpothers.（他是最不

可能幫助別人的人），既然如此，那么“幫助你”的可能性也就最小了。答案為A

2.—Look,someoneiscoming.Guesswhoitbe?

—Ithinkit___beTom.

—Idon'tthinkit___be.

A.can;must;can;heB.may;can;must;him

C.must;can;must;hisD.might;must;can;himself

分析：根據(jù)備選答案。can表示推測(cè)時(shí)用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中。本題首句就應(yīng)該是Guess

whocanitbe?第二句應(yīng)該是IthinkitmustbeTom.（說(shuō)話(huà)人十分肯定）。第三句表達(dá)了說(shuō)話(huà)

人對(duì)前一個(gè)人的否定。即：Idon'tthinkitcanbehim/he.（不可能是他）。答案為A

3.—DoyouknowMs.Wanglikeswalkingaftersupper?

一Sure.Shearoundthecampusnow.

A.mustbewalkingB.mustwalk

C.maywalkD.maybewalking

分析：關(guān)鍵詞Sure告訴我們說(shuō)話(huà)人的口氣十分肯定。根據(jù)句子語(yǔ)境：她此刻肯定正在

校園散步呢。mustbedoing表示肯定正在做。答案為A

4.—IstayedatahotelinNewYork.

一Oh,didyou?YouwithBarbara.

A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldsayD.musthavestayed

分析：首句說(shuō)：我在紐約住在一家賓館里。在此ahotel是泛指。所以D選項(xiàng)不合題意。

第二句在說(shuō)：你本來(lái)可以和Barbara.住在一起的。Couldhavedone表示：本來(lái)可以。答案為

A

5.Whydidn'tyoutellmetherewasnomeetingtoday?Iallthewayherethroughthe

heavysnow.

A.needn'thavedrivenB.can'thavedriven

C.mustn'thavedrivenD.shouldn'thavedriven

分析：根據(jù)句意：你為什么不告訴我今天沒(méi)有會(huì)？我本來(lái)沒(méi)必要冒著大雪開(kāi)車(chē)跑這么多

路。Needn'thavedone表示本來(lái)沒(méi)必要。答案為A

6.1wasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youhomewithoutaword.

A.mustn'tleaveB.shouldn'thaveleft

C.couldn'thaveleftD.needn'tleave

分析：根據(jù)句意：我真的很擔(dān)心你，你真不應(yīng)該一句話(huà)都不說(shuō)就離開(kāi)家。“離開(kāi)家”已

經(jīng)發(fā)生了。Shouldhavedone正好表達(dá)了本句的意思。答案為B

7.A：AreyoucomingtoJeffsparty?

B：I'mnotsure.Igototheconcertinstead.

A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might

分析：根據(jù)B的回答：我不一定去，我有可能去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)。Might表示推測(cè)：可能。答

案為D

8.A：Ipromisethatshe___getanicepresentonherbirthday.

B：Willitbeabigsurprisetoher?

A.shouldB.mustC.wouldD.shall

分析：A說(shuō)：“我答應(yīng)她在生日聚會(huì)上她會(huì)得到一份生日禮物。shall表示許諾。答案

為D

【模擬試題】

1.A：IsJohncomingbytrain?

B：Heshould,buthenot.Helikesdrivinghiscar.

A.mustB.canC.needD.may

2.Mr.Whiteat8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn'tshowup.

A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarrive

C.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbeamving

3.Sorry,Tmlate.Ihaveturnedoffthealarmandgonetosleepagain.

A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will

4.Youbetired-You'veonlybeenworkingforanhour.

A.mustnotB.won'tC.can'tD.maynot

5.一Ididn'tgotoworkyesterdayafternoonbecausemycarbrokedown.

-Youmine.Iwasn'tusingit.

A.mightborrowB.couldhaveborrowed

C.canhaveborrowedD.oughttoborrow

6.一Amanansweredthephone.Isupposeitwasherhusband.

-Itherhusband.Hehasbeendeadforages.

A.mustn'tbeB.couldn'thavebeen

C.maynothavebeenD.musln'thavebeen

【試題答案】

1.分析：根據(jù)B的回答“他應(yīng)該（坐火車(chē)來(lái)），但是也不一定，他喜歡開(kāi)自己的車(chē)。本

題考查了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測(cè)用法。may表示不十分有把握的推測(cè)。答案為D

2.分析：根據(jù)句意：White先生本應(yīng)該在8:30到這里出席會(huì)議的，可他（在8:30）沒(méi)有

到場(chǎng)。Shouldhavedone表示：本應(yīng)該。答案為A

3.分析：本句是說(shuō)話(huà)人在解釋遲到的原因：我或許是關(guān)掉鬧鐘又睡了。mighthavedone表

示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)：可能已經(jīng)……答案為A

4.分析：根據(jù)后半句You'veonlybeenworkingforanhour.（你才剛干了一個(gè)小時(shí)）說(shuō)明

Youbetired（你不可能很累），can"表示"不可能”答案為C

5.分析：聽(tīng)到對(duì)方說(shuō)“昨天車(chē)壞了而沒(méi)去上班”，第二個(gè)人說(shuō)“你本來(lái)可以借我的車(chē)去

上班。”本來(lái)可以/能：couldhavedone.答案為B

6.分析：第二個(gè)人是說(shuō)：那個(gè)人不可能是她丈夫，因?yàn)樗煞蛞呀?jīng)去世多年了。根據(jù)對(duì)

話(huà)的語(yǔ)境，是在談?wù)撨^(guò)去的事，表示過(guò)去不可能：couldnothavedone答案為：B

與it有關(guān)的主要句型

it強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

知識(shí)總結(jié)歸納：

（一）il用做形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)：根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，il用做形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)，而

真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)（todo短語(yǔ)，doing短語(yǔ)，名詞性從句）則放在句尾。

主要句型：

Ifs+形容詞/名詞+連詞+名詞性從句

todosth.

doingsth.

find/make/think/feelit+形容詞/名詞+連詞+名詞性從句

todosth.

doingsth.

例句：

1.ItwillbecomemoreandmoreimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.

2.Ifsusualforclosefriendstohavesimilarideasandbeliefs.

3.It'sapitythatIdidn'tthinkofitearlier.

4.It'snousegoingtheresoearly.

5.Outteacherthinksitnogoodlearningwithoutpractice.

6.Didn'tImakeitcleartoyouthatIwasnotcoming?

7.Wefounditstrangethatnoonewouldtakethemoney.

（二）其他句型

1.Ittakes+時(shí)間段+sb.+todosth.

2.表示“據(jù)說(shuō)，據(jù)報(bào)道，/人們認(rèn)為/相信/建議等

It'ssaidthat........

It'sreportedthat.......

It'sbelieved/thought/suggestedthat.......

例句：

1.Itgenerallytakestimetoreachthispoint—beingonthesamewavelength.

2.Itisbelievedthatthetwochildrenwentoffexploring（探險(xiǎn)）ontheirownandgetstuckon

thecliff.

3.It'ssuggestedthatweshouldhaveameetingtodiscusstheproblem.

4.Itwasoncepredicted（預(yù)測(cè)）thatBritishandAmericanEnglishwouldbecomeseparate

languagesfinally.

（三）it在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中：在英語(yǔ)中，為了突出強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一個(gè)成分（謂語(yǔ)除外），達(dá)到強(qiáng)

調(diào)或使聽(tīng)話(huà)人特別注意這一部分的目的。便形成了一種強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。

Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。

Itis/wasnotuntil+時(shí)間+that+句子的其他部分。

例句：

1.1sawJohnonmywaytoschoolthismorning.

ItwasJohnwho/thatIsawonmywaytoschoolthismorning.

ItwasonmywaytoschoolthatIsawJohnthismorning.

ItwasthismorningthatIsawJohnonmywaytoschool.

2.ItwashisbestsuitthatJohnworetothedancelastnight.

3.Itwasnotuntil1920thatregularradiobroadcastbegan.

4.Itwasthestrangewaythingslookedandsoundedinmyfamiliarroomatnightthat

frightenedmesomuch.

5.Itwasthekindnessandsympathyintheireyesthatpreventedmefromdoingso.

知識(shí)難點(diǎn)：

（一）注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的變形，即以一般疑問(wèn)句或特殊疑問(wèn)句的形式出現(xiàn)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。

1.WhatisitthatJoecan'tfindinthebathroom?

2.WherewasitthatyoumettheforeignguestsfromAustralia?

3.1can'tquiterememberwhenitwasthatwemarried.

4.Wasitbecausehewasveryillthatheaskedforleave?

（二）是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型還是that主語(yǔ)從句或其他復(fù)合句

1.ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

2.Itisthesepoisonousproductsthatcancausethesymptomsoftheflu,suchasheadacheand

achingmuscles.

3.Itwasalmostteno'clockwhenoursoldierscamebackfromthefront.

4.Wasitinthisplacethatthelastkingdied?

（三）注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分帶有定語(yǔ)從句

WasitattheairbattleonJune8,1944,whichwasledbyCaptainJohnsonthatPeterlosthis

life.

【典型例題】

單項(xiàng)選擇：

1.1don'tthinkpossibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemory.

A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it

分析：本題考查it做形式賓語(yǔ)的句型?！拔艺J(rèn)為沒(méi)有大量的記憶掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)是不可

能的?！惫蔬x擇D

2.Doesmatterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?

A.thisB.thatC.heD.it

分析：本題考查it做形式主語(yǔ)的句型：如果他沒(méi)能按時(shí)完成工作的話(huà)，這很要緊嗎？

故選擇D

3.Tom'smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,butdidn'thelp.

A.heB.whichC.sheD.it

分析：本題考查it的代詞用法。It指上一句的內(nèi)容：Tom的母親始終告訴他應(yīng)該努力

學(xué)習(xí)。故選擇D

4.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It

分析：本題考查it做形式主語(yǔ)的句型：英語(yǔ)正在作為一種國(guó)際性語(yǔ)言被接受是一個(gè)事

實(shí)。選擇D

5.Itwasinthesmallhouse_wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather___hespenthischildhood.

A.which;thatB.that;where

C.which;whichD.that;which

分析：本題考查帶有定語(yǔ)從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用法。句中："___wasbuiltwithstonesbyhis

father的定語(yǔ)從句。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是inthesmallhouse___wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather?

根據(jù)句意：他正是在他父親用石頭蓋的房子里度過(guò)了他的童年。故選擇A

二.單句改錯(cuò)：

1.Thatissaidthatthisnovelhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.

分析：根據(jù)句意：據(jù)說(shuō)這部小說(shuō)已經(jīng)被譯成多種語(yǔ)言。表示據(jù)說(shuō)，應(yīng)當(dāng)說(shuō)：Itissaidthat...o

That改為：It

2.Isthisyourtumtocleantheblackboard?

分析：根據(jù)句意：該輪到你擦黑板了吧？輪到某人做某事：Itisone'sturntodo....This

改為：it

3.Itisknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.

分析：表示“眾所周知”可以說(shuō)：Itisknowntoeveryonethat+陳述句?；颍篈sisknown

toeveryone,+陳述句。It改為：As,或去掉“，”加連詞that

4.Theofficialmadethisclearthathewoulddoeverythingpossibletosolvetheproblem.

分析：根據(jù)句意：這位官員宣布將盡一切力量解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。固定結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)是：makeit

clearthat+陳述句。It在此是形式賓語(yǔ)。This改為：it

5.Itwasintheparkwheretheoldcoupletoldmetheirlovestory.

分析：根據(jù)句意可以知道本句用了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)：inthepark所以按照強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

的結(jié)構(gòu)where改為：that

6.Althoughwecan'tseethem,thereisairaroundus.

分析：句中的代詞them根據(jù)句意應(yīng)當(dāng)指代后面的air,但air是不可數(shù)名詞，因此them

改為：it

三.翻譯句子：

1.直到星期三我才給辦公室去電話(huà)。

分析：表達(dá)“直到……才……”可以用not…until…引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；也用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；

或倒裝句。

翻譯：

(1)1didn'ttelephonetheofficeuntilWednesday.

(2)ItwasnotuntilWednesdaythatItelephonedtheoffice.

(3)NotuntilWednesdaydidItelephonetheoffice.

2.只有當(dāng)我們看不清楚的時(shí)候，我們才意識(shí)到我們眼睛的重要性。

分析：本句可以用強(qiáng)調(diào)句表達(dá)，也可以用倒裝句：

翻譯：

(1)Itisonlywhenwecannotseeperfectlythatwerealizehowimportantoureyesare.

(2)Onlywhenwecannotseeperfectlydowerealizehowimportantoureyesare.

3.Itwasinsurgerythattheresultsofthatdiscoverywereobtained,anditwastherethatthe

battlebetweenthenewideaandtheoldprejudiceswasfoughtoutmostdramatically.

翻譯：那些發(fā)現(xiàn)的成果是在外科醫(yī)學(xué)中獲得的，也正是在那里，新思想與舊偏見(jiàn)用最富

有戲劇性的方式展開(kāi)了戰(zhàn)斗。

【模擬試題】

—.單項(xiàng)選擇：

1.Nobodythinksverypolitetobealwayscuttinginwhenanotherpersonistalking.

A.thatB.thisC.itD.there

2.Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm,Ihadexpectedtobemuchbetter.

A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it

3.Hetoreupmyphotoandupsetme.

A.thisB.itC.whichD.what

4.Itwaswithgreatcouragetheboytoldthetruth__hehadstolenthemoney.

A.which;thatB.when;what

C.as;thatD.that;that

5.WhenItrytofindthatpreventssomanypeoplefromtakingpartintheprogram,it

seemstomethattherearetwomaincauses.

A.whatitdoesB.whatitis

C.whyitdoesD.whyitis

6.Nancyisexpectinganotherbabyandhopeswillbeaboy.

A.heB.thatC.itD.there

二.句型轉(zhuǎn)換：

將下列陳述句按劃線(xiàn)的內(nèi)容變?yōu)閺?qiáng)調(diào)句。

1.Thechildrenoftenhelptheirparentsdothefarmwork.

2.In1993,atomatowasdevelopedthatwasverydifferentfromanygrownbefore.

3.ThebiggestproblemofChinesefarmersistheshortageofarableland.

4.Futureagricultureshoulddependonhightechnologyaswellastraditionalmethods.

三.閱讀理解：

A

Itisimportanttoknowanotherlanguageandhowtocommunicatewithoutwordswhenyou

areinanothercountry.Beforesayinganything,peoplecommunicatewitheachotherbyusing

gestures（手勢(shì)）.However,manygestureshavedifferentmeanings,ornomeaningatall,in

differentpartsoftheworld.

IntheUnitedStates,noddingyourheadupanddownmeans"yes”,whileinsomepatsof

GreeceandTurkey,itmeans“no”.InthesoutheastofAsia,itisapolitewayofsaying“Iheard

you”.

TodayintheUSA,whensomeoneputshisthumbup,itmeans"Everythingisallright.^^

However,inGreeceitisbad.Alsoputtingyourclasped（緊握的）handsupaboveyourheadmeans

“Iamthewinner.^^Itisthesignwhichplayersoftenmake.InRussiaitisthesignoffriendship.

IntheUSA,holdingyourhandupwiththethumbandindexfinger（食指）,andtheother

threestraightmeans"EverythingisOK."InFrance,itmeans“Youareworthnothing.^^

Itisalsoimportanttomakeeyecommunication.Ifyoulookdownwhentalkingtoan

American,heorshemayfeelthatyouareshy,oryouaretryingtohidesomething.

Besidesthese,youshouldalsoknowtherearesometopicsthatcannotbetalkedabout,such

asage,weightandmarriage.Youcantalkabouttheweather,work,sports,food,whereonelives

andnewsoftheday.

1.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.Peopleallovertheworldonlycommunicatebywords.

B.Manygestureseitherhavedifferentmeaningsornomeaningsatall.

C.Gesturesarethemostcommonwaytocommunicate.

D.Peoplecantalkaboutanythinginanothercountry.

2.InGreecenoddingyourheadmeans"

A.Yes.B.No

C.IheardyouD.Iamthewinner

3.Puttingthethumbupshouldnotbeusedin.

A.GreeceB.theUSAC.EnglandD.China

4.Whatdoesthissentencemean”.…youractioncanspeaklouderthanyourwords”?

A.Whatyoudoisbetterthanwhatyousay.

B.Youtryyourbesttobepolite.

C.Youarebetterunderstoodbyyourgesturesthanthroughyourwords.

D.Whatyousayisbetterthanwhatyoudo.

5.Themainideaofthepassageisthatwhenyouareinanothercountry,.

A.itisimportanttoknowthelanguage.

B.itisimportanttoknowwhatyoutalkabouttoaforeigner.

C.toknowhowtocommunicatewithoutwordsisasimportantastoknowthelanguage.

D.tocommunicatethroughgesturesismoreimportantthantoknowthelanguage.

B

“Intheolddays,“asonewifesaid."Thehusbandwasthehusbandandthewifewasthe

wife."Inthepasthusbandseachhadtheirownwayofgoingon.Thewives'jobsweretolook

afterthem.

“Thewiveswouldn'tstandforitnowadays.Husbandshelpwiththechildrennow.Theystay

more,aswellashavemoreinterest,athome.^^Weshallgivesome