2023~2024學年度第二學期期中考試高二英語試題第一部分聽力（滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題紙上。第一節(jié)（每小題1.5分，共7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.OnMonday. B.OnWednesday. C.OnFriday.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Ican’tbelieveIforgothisbirthday.Ithoughtitwastomorrow!M:Nope.Itwastwodaysago,onMonday.2.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthemansayabouttheboss?A.Heistall. B.Heiskind. C.Heischildlike.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Whatdoyouthinkofmyboss?M:Hecertainlytoweredoverme.Ifeltlikeachildnexttohim.W:Yes,he’sabigguy,butgentleandkindwithit.3.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whatisthemandoing?A.Drinkingsomemilk. B.Makingsometea. C.Orderingadrink.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Acupoftea,please—andmyfriendwillhavemilk.M:Metoo.Acupoftea,please.W:Tea?Areyousure?You’veneverorderedthatbefore.4.此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Co-workers. B.Friends. C.Acouple.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Helen,willyoupickupJohnnyfromthekindergarten?I’mstuckinatrafficjam.W:That’sterrible,honey.ButaninjuredminerhasjustarrivedhereatthehospitalanditseemsthatIwillhavetooperateonhimatonce.5.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates. B.Motherandson. C.Colleagues.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Hey,onlyhalfayearleftbeforewegraduate.Whatdoyouwanttodoaftergraduation?M:Iwanttoworkinmarketing.Iliketocommunicatewithpeople.W:That’sajobwhichpayswell,andyoumighthaveopportunitiestotravelabroad.第二節(jié)（每小題1.5分，共22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】6.WhendoesGomezwatchafootballgameonTV?A.Whenhefailstogetaticket.B.Whenthestadiumiscrowded.C.Whenhisfriendsaretoobusy.7.HowmuchdidGomezpayforthefootballgamelasttime?A.$20. B.$25. C.$50.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】W:Areyouafootballfan,Gomez?M:Yes,Igotothestadiumwheneverthereisagoodgame.AndifIcan’tgetaticket,IwatchthegameonTV.Thatway,they’relessexcitingthough.W:Istheticketexpensive?M:Itdepends.Itusuallycostsabout20to50dollars.LasttimeIpaid25.W:That’snotveryexpensive.Maybewecangotogethersometime.M:Great.It’llbemorefuntowatchthegamewithafriend.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】8.Whywon’tthemanbuyaneveningdressforhiswife?A.It’stooexpensive. B.Shehasalreadygotalot. C.Hedoesn’tknowifshe’lllikeit.9.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthejewelry?A.Unique. B.Beautiful. C.Fashionable.10.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Hewantstobuyhiswifeabirthdaygift.B.HewillgotoParisonChristmas.C.Hewillpaybycheque.【答案】8.C9.B10.C【解析】【原文】W:MayIhelpyou,sir?M:Er...IwanttobuymywifeagiftforChristmas,butIdon’tknowwhatshewouldlike.Canyourecommendsomethingtome?W:Ofcourse.Howaboutaneveningdress?TheseareallfromParis.M:No.Shehasverygoodtasteinclothes.Idon’twanttotaketherisk.W:Howaboutsomejewelry?Thatwon’tgooutoffashion.Eachoneisuniquehere.Look,heretheyare.Whatdoyouthink?M:Theyarelovely.CanItakealookatthatnecklace?W:Thisone?Oh,it’samasterpieceandI'msureyourwifewillloveit.Youwon’tfindanotheroneinNewYork,anditonlycosts$3,600.Youcanpaybychequeifyoulike.M:OK.I’lltakeit.Oh,pleasegift-wrapitandI’llwriteacheque.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】11.Whatwilltheweatherbelikeovertheweekend?A.Rainy. B.Windy. C.Sunny.12.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends. B.Classmates. C.Familymembers.13.WhatisthewomangoingtodonextTuesday?A.Meetfriendsinapark.B.StayathomeandwatchTV.C.Helpherfatherwithsomehousework.【答案】11.B12.C13.C【解析】【原文】M:Ican’tbelieveit’srainingagain.W:Theradiosaidthatitisgoingtorainallweek.M:It’stoobad.Nowwe’vegottwoweeksofffromschool,butit’stoowettogoanywhere.W:Yeah.I’mgettingalittleboredofsittingathomeandwatchingTV.M:I’vegotaweatherapponmyphonethatgivesyoua10-dayreport.Let’sseewhatthatsays.W:Okay.M:Itlooksliketheradioisright.It’sgoingtorainuntilFriday.Thenthere’sgoingtobesomewindsovertheweekend.W:Oh,great!Thewindisgoingtoblowtheraincloudsaway.M:Fantastic!Weshouldmakesomeplanstodosomething.W:Whataboutapicnicinthepark?M:Great!ShallwegonextTuesday?W:IpromisedourdadI’dhelphimwithsomehouseworkonTuesday.M:Wednesday,then.Let’sinvitesomefriendsandmakeadayofit!W:Noproblem.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】14.What’sAlva’sattitudetowardsColin’swritingthebook?A.Doubtful. B.Uninterested. C.Admirable.15.WhatcanwelearnaboutAlva?A.Shedislikestakingpictures.B.ShehasjustmovedtoNewYork.C.ShehasadaptedtoNewYorkcustoms.16.WhatdoesColinwantAlvatodo?A.Hideherrighthand. B.Lookatahighbuilding. C.Adoptaproperpose.17.Whencanthewomanfirstreadthebook?A.InAugust. B.InSeptember. C.InOctober.【答案】14.C15.B16.C17.B【解析】【原文】M:Excuseme,mynameisColin.I’maphotographer.MayItakeapictureofyouandyourlittleboy?W:What’sitfor?Iamcurioustoknowit.M:It’sforabook.W:You’rewritingabook?Soundsamazingandawesome!M:Yes.It’sabookofpictures.IcallitFamilyAlbum,USA.W:Oh,that’sanappealingideatome.Well,it’sfineifyoutakeourpictures.M:Ireallyappreciateyourkindness.MayIhaveyourname?W:Alva.Actually,Iamanewcomerhereandhaven’tadaptedtopeopleandcustomshere.M:Well,welcometoNewYork.OK,justasecond.I’malmostreadyhere.W:WhatshouldIdo?M:Here,pleaseholdyourrighthandandlookatthisdirection.Great!Nowpointtothebuildings.Fantastic!It’sreallyanicepicture!W:Bytheway,whenwillyourbookcomeout?M:NowitislateJune.Hmm,thebookwillbereleasedintwoandahalfmonths.W:LookingforwardtoyourbookandI’mboundtohavealook.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】18.WhatkindoffooddidAnnachoose?A.Italianfood. B.Frenchfood. C.Japanesefood.19.Whatwastheenvironmentlikeattherestaurant?A.Relaxing. B.Terrible. C.Noisy.20.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkofthemeal?A.Unfresh. B.Expensive. C.Tasteless.【答案】18.B19.A20.B【解析】【原文】LastSunday,ItookmydaughterAnnatoarestaurantforherbirthday.Ihadahardtimechoosingwheretogowhenafriendofmine,Jason,recommendedanItalianrestaurantbythelaketous.ItoldAnnaaboutit,butshesaidshepreferredFrenchorJapanesefood.SowechosetohaveFrenchfood.Wehadn’tbeentherebefore,soweknewnothingaboutit.Butwhenwegotthere,wefoundtherestaurantwaswellworthvisiting.Thehallwasfilledwithlightmusic,whichprovidedarelaxingenvironmentforus.Thewaiterswereextremelyfriendlyandtheservicewasreallygood.Ourfishwasabsolutelydeliciousandthesaladwasveryfreshandtasty.Althoughthemealwasratherexpensive,Iwoulddefinitelyrecommendyoutogothere.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATheSymbolismofChineseFoodsChinaisacountrywithalonghistory,andfoodhasplayedanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofChineseculture.Everyyearmanytraditionalfestivalsandeventsarecelebratedwithspecialfoods.Someofthesefoodshaveparticularmeanings,suchasgoodluck,bestwishes,unityandcommemoration(紀念).ChineseNewYearSpringFestival(ChineseNewYear)isthemostimportanttraditionalfestivalinChina.SoNewYearfoodsusuallysymbolizegoodluckandbestwishes.·Yearcake(niángāo)means“increasingprosperity(繁榮)”becausethenamesoundsthesameas“yearhigh”or“yearlyincrease”.·Dumplingsmean“wealth”,duetotheirtraditionalgold/silveringot(錠)shape.LanternFestivalLanternFestivalisthefirstfullmoonnightintheChinesecalendaryear,andthefullmoonaswellasthefoodsymbolizesfamilyreunion.·Sweetroundstickyriceballsinsoup(tāngyuán)mean“togethernessandreunion”.DragonBoatFestivalDragonBoatFestivalisanimportantcelebrationinChinatocommemorateQuYuan,afamouspatrioticpoetofChinainancienttimes.·Glutinousricedumplings(zòngzi)wrappedinbambooleavessymbolizeQuYuancommemoration.Mid-AutumnFestivalMid-AutumnFestivalisthesecondmostimportanttraditionalChinesefestival.Itisatimeforfamilymembersandlovedonestogettogethertocelebratefamilyreunion.Therefore,peoplecelebrateitbypreparingfoodswithfamily-reunionsymbolicmeanings.·Mooncakesmean“familyunity”,asthey’reround,liketheharvestmoon.·Pomeloes(yòuzi)mean“familyunity”and“abundance”,asthey’reround,too,andtheChinesesoundslikethewordfor“tohave”.21.Whatmakesdumplingssymbolic?A.Thesize. B.Thecolor. C.Thehistory. D.Theshape.22.Whichfestivaliscelebratedtohonorapoetaccordingtothetext?A.ChineseNewYear. B.LanternFestival.C.DragonBoatFestival. D.Mid-AutumnFestival.23.WhichofthefollowingisatraditionalfoodforMid-AutumnFestival?A.Yearcake. B.Sweetroundstickyriceballsinsoup.C.Glutinousricedumplings. D.Pomeloes.【答案】21.D22.C23.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國食物的象征意義?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由文章ChineseNewYear部分中“Dumplingsmean“wealth”,duetotheirtraditionalgold/silveringot(錠)shape.(餃子意味著“財富”，因為它們是傳統(tǒng)的金/銀錠形狀。)”可知，形狀讓餃子具有象征意義。故選D?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由DragonBoatFestival部分中“DragonBoatFestivalisanimportantcelebrationinChinatocommemorateQuYuan,afamouspatrioticpoetofChinainancienttimes.(端午節(jié)是中國紀念古代著名愛國詩人屈原的重要節(jié)日。)”可知，端午節(jié)是為了紀念詩人而慶祝的。故選C。【23題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由文章Mid-AutumnFestival中“Pomeloes(yòuzi)mean“familyunity”and“abundance”,asthey’reround,too,andtheChinesesoundslikethewordfor“tohave”.(柚子(yòuzi)的意思是“家庭團結”和“富足”，因為它們也是圓形的，漢語發(fā)音與“擁有”相近。)”可知，柚子是中秋節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)食物。故選D。BFouryearsago,liferewardedmeforallthechallengesIembracedinsearchofself-improvement.MyspiritsrosewhenIwasselectedtobeintheYouthExchangeandStudy(YES)programmeandIrealizedthatIwasgoingtospendafullyearintheUnitedStates.Beforethatmoment,livingontheothersideoftheAtlantichadalwaysequated—forayoungMoroccanwomanwhohadneversetfootabroad—toananxiety-freeatmosphere,welcomingneighbors,andcountlessopportunities.Fortunately,myhostcommunitycheckedalltheseboxes.Myhostmotherwentaboveandbeyondtotakecareofmyneeds,myteacherswereveryaccommodatingwithregardstomyschoolwork,andIcouldusemystatusasanexchangestudentasanexcusewhenIneededafavororanexception.AsaYESstudent,peersfromsomanydiversebackgroundsatschoolwereinterestedingettingtoknowmebetter.Withallthisuniquetreatment,Ithoughttomyself,“Holdonasecond!Isthiswhatyoucamefor?”Eventhoughmyhostcommunitywassohelpfulandwelcoming,IrealizedthatIwasgrowingtoocontentwithmylife.IrememberedthatIcametotheUnitedStatesforachallengeandthatIwasdeterminedtostrengthenmycapacities.Todevelopgreaterperseverance,Ijoinedmyhostschool’sswimteam,eventhoughIhadnopriorexperienceinthissport.Foroverfivemonths,Iwalkedmyself—sometimesreluctantly—toswimpractices.Duringthosepractices,IdidthebestIcouldforthreehourseachday.Oneofmybestachievementsthatyearwascompetinginoneofthebiggestswimmeetsoftheyear.Fromanoutsider’sperspective,itmightnotseemlikemuch,especiallysinceIdidn’tevenwin.However,Iwasnevertheathletictype,norhaveIeverbeenparticularlyoutstandingintermsofdisciplineandcommitment.YetthatwasexactlywhatIachieved.IgaineddisciplineandIcametotherealizationthatIdonotneedtobeperfectateverythingthatItryforthefirsttime.Growthcantakemanyforms.Inmycase,ittooktheformofahumidceilingandanoverlytightpolyestercap.Growthcanonlybeachievedbydefyingpersonallimitsandbreakingfreefromcomfortzones.Thisisnotalwaysaglamorousprocess,butitalwaysbringsyouclosertoanewandimprovedversionofyourself!24.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutherlifeinherhostfamily?A.Shefeltsomehowuneasytobetakengoodcareof.B.Shefeltfreeandcoulddowhateversheliked.C.Shefeltgoodaboutherhighfamilystatus.D.Shefeltstressedlikelivinginabox.25.Whatmadetheauthorjointheschool’sswimteam?A.Herexperienceinswimming. B.Herdesiretochallengeherself.C.Herspiritofperseverance. D.Herinterestinwatersports.26.Theauthorthoughtthatherachievementinswimming________.A.madeheroutstanding B.madeherseeherlimitsC.wasnotabigdeal D.washercouragetocompete27.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.Changeisabrilliantopportunitytogrow.B.Self-assuranceistwo-thirdsofsuccess.C.Fromfailuretosuccessisalongroad.D.Welearnthingsbydoingthem.【答案】24.B25.B26.D27.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是作者作為交換生到美國交流時挑戰(zhàn)自己的故事?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段“Myhostmotherwentaboveandbeyondtotakecareofmyneeds,myteacherswereveryaccommodatingwithregardstomyschoolwork,andIcouldusemystatusasanexchangestudentasanexcusewhenIneededafavororanexception.(我的寄宿母親竭盡全力地照顧我的需求，我的老師們對我的學業(yè)非常寬容，當我需要幫助或例外時，我可以用我的交換生身份作為借口。)”可知，作者對她在寄宿家庭的生活感覺很自由，可以做任何她喜歡的事情。故選B。【25題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段的“IrememberedthatIcametotheUnitedStatesforachallengeandthatIwasdeterminedtostrengthenmycapacities.(我記得我來美國是為了挑戰(zhàn)，我決心加強我的能力。)”和第三段的“Todevelopgreaterperseverance,Ijoinedmyhostschool’sswimteam,eventhoughIhadnopriorexperienceinthissport.(為了培養(yǎng)更大的毅力，我加入了寄宿學校的游泳隊，盡管我之前沒有這項運動的經驗。)”可知，促使作者加入學校的游泳隊的是她渴望挑戰(zhàn)自己。故選B。【26題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段的“Oneofmybestachievementsthatyearwascompetinginoneofthebiggestswimmeetsoftheyear.(那年我最大的成就之一是參加了當年最大的游泳比賽之一。)”可知，作者認為她在游泳方面的成就是她參加比賽的勇氣，故選D?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段的“Growthcanonlybeachievedbydefyingpersonallimitsandbreakingfreefromcomfortzones.(成長只能通過挑戰(zhàn)個人極限和打破舒適區(qū)來實現。)”可知，從這篇文章我們可以得出的結論是改變是成長的絕佳機會。故選A。CAnewstudysaysthatnomatterhowmuchtheworldcutsbackongreenhousegases,alargeandimportantpartoficeofAntarctica(南極洲)isexpectedtodisappear.Researchersusedcomputermodelstoexpectthefuturemelting(融化)ofprotectiveicearoundAntarctica’sAmundsenSeainwesternAntarctica.Theysaidthemeltingwilltakehundredsofyears.Itwillslowlyaddnearly1.8meterstosealevels.Anditwillbeenoughtochangewhereandhowpeopleliveinthefuture.Thestudyfoundthateveniffuturewarmingwaslimitedtojustafewtenthsofadegreemore,itwouldhavelimitedpowertopreventoceanwarmingthatcouldleadtothebreakdownoftheWestAntarcticIceSheet.StudyleadwriterKaitlinNaughtenisanexpertonoceansattheBritishAntarcticSurvey.ShesaidtheirresearchsuggeststhatEarthissetonthepathtoaquicklyincreasingspeedofoceanwarmingandiceshelfmeltingovertherestofthecentury.Whilepaststudieshavetalkedabouthowseriousthesituationis,Naughtenwasthefirsttousecomputermodelingtostudyhowwarmwaterfrombelowwillmelttheice.Thestudylookedatfourdifferentcasesinhowmuchgreenhousegasestheworldproduces.Ineachcase,oceanwarmingwasjusttoomuchforthisareaoftheicetosurvive.Naughtenlookedatfloatingareasoficethatholdbackglaciers(冰川).Oncetheseareasoficemelt,thereisnothingtostoptheglaciersbehindthemfromflowing(流)intothesea.Thestudyalsolookedatwhatwouldhappeniffuturewarmingwaslimitedto1.5degreesCelsiusovermid-19thcenturylevels:theinternationalgoal.Theyfoundtherapidmeltingprocessinthiscaseaswell.Theworldhasalreadywarmedabout1.2degreesCelsiussincepre-industrialtimesandmuchofthissummerwentpastthe1.5degreesmark.28.Whichcanbestdescribethefindingsofthestudy?A.Cheerful. B.Encouraging. C.Misleading. D.Disappointing.29.WhatmakesNaughten’sworkonAntarcticicespecial?A.Herresearcharea. B.Herresearchtime.C.Herresearchmethod. D.Herresearchpurpose.30.Whatdoweknowaboutfloatingareasofice?A.Theywillflowintothesea. B.TheyprotecttheAntarcticice.C.Theyhavewarmedabout1.2℃. D.Theydisappearfasterthanotherice.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.IceinPartsofAntareticaWillDisappear B.ClimateChangeWillHarmHumansC.SeaLevelWillRiseSuddenlyintheFuture D.LimitingGreenhouseGasesMakesNoSense【答案】28.D29.C30.B31.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究發(fā)現南極洲部分地區(qū)的冰將消失，文章解釋了研究開展的方式以及研究的有關發(fā)現。【28題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段“Thestudyfoundthateveniffuturewarmingwaslimitedtojustafewtenthsofadegreemore,itwouldhavelimitedpowertopreventoceanwarmingthatcouldleadtothebreakdownoftheWestAntarcticIceSheet.(該研究發(fā)現，即使未來的變暖被限制在僅僅高出零點幾度，它也無法阻止海洋變暖，而海洋變暖可能導致南極西部冰蓋的破裂)”可知，這項研究的發(fā)現是令人失望的。故選D。【29題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段“Whilepaststudieshavetalkedabouthowseriousthesituationis,Naughtenwasthefirsttousecomputermodelingtostudyhowwarmwaterfrombelowwillmelttheice.(雖然過去的研究已經討論了情況有多嚴重，但諾頓是第一個使用計算機建模來研究來自地下的溫水將如何融化冰的人)”可知，諾頓對南極冰的研究特別之處在于她的研究方法。故選C?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第三段“Naughtenlookedatfloatingareasoficethatholdbackglaciers(冰川).Oncetheseareasoficemelt,thereisnothingtostoptheglaciersbehindthemfromflowing(流)intothesea.(諾頓研究了阻礙冰川的浮冰區(qū)域。一旦這些地區(qū)的冰融化，就沒有什么可以阻止它們后面的冰川流入大海)”可知，浮冰區(qū)域可以保護南極的冰。故選B。【31題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第一段“Anewstudysaysthatnomatterhowmuchtheworldcutsbackongreenhousegases,alargeandimportantpartoficeofAntarctica(南極洲)isexpectedtodisappear.(一項新的研究表明，無論世界減少多少溫室氣體排放，南極洲的一大部分重要冰預計都會消失)”結合文章主要說明了研究發(fā)現南極洲部分地區(qū)的冰將消失，文章解釋了研究開展的方式以及研究的有關發(fā)現。可知，A選項“南極洲部分地區(qū)的冰將消失”最符合文章標題。故選A。DAnimalscanadaptquicklytosurviveunfavorableenvironmentalconditions.Evidenceismountingtoshowthatplantscan,too.ApaperpublishedinthejournalTrendsinPlantSciencedetailshowplantsarerapidlyadaptingtotheeffectsofclimatechange,andhowtheyarepassingdowntheseadaptationstotheiroffspring(后代).Plantsarefacingmoreenvironmentalstressesthanever.Forexample,climatechangeismakingwintersshorterinmanylocations,andplantsareresponding.“Manyplantsrequireaminimumperiodofcoldinordertosetuptheirenvironmentalclocktodefinetheirfloweringtime,”saysMartinelli,aplantgeneticistattheUniversityofFlorence.“Ascoldseasonsshorten,plantshaveadaptedtorequireshorterperiodsofcoldtodelayflowering.Thesemechanismsallowplantstoavoidfloweringinperiodswhentheyhavefeweropportunitiestoreproduce.”Becauseplantsdon’thaveneural(神經的)networks,theirmemoryisbasedentirelyoncellular(細胞的),molecular(分子的),andbiochemicalnetworks.Thesenetworksmakeupwhattheresearcherscallsomaticmemory(體細胞記憶).“Itallowsplantstorecognizetheoccurrenceofapreviousenvironmentalconditionandtoreactaccordingly,”saysMartinelli.Thesesomaticmemoriescanthenbepassedtotheplants’offspringviaepigenetics(表現遺傳).“Severalexamplesdemonstratetheexistenceofmolecularmechanismsmodulatingplantmemorytoenvironmentalstressesandaffectingtheadaptationofoffspringtothesestresses,”saysMartinelli.Goingforward,Martinellihopestounderstandevenmoreaboutthegenesthatarebeingpasseddown.“WeareparticularlyinterestedindecodingtheepigeneticalphabetwithoutchangesinDNAsequence(序列),”hesays.“Thisisespeciallyimportantwhenweconsidertherapidclimatechange,weobservetodaythateverylivingorganism,includingplants,needstoquicklyadapttosurvive.”32.Whatadaptationshaveplantsmadetoshortenedcoldseasons?A.Theyhaveshortenedtheirfloweringtime.B.Theyhavegotmorechancestoreproduce.C.Theyhaveavoidedfloweringincoldseasons.D.Theyhaveadjustedtheirenvironmentalclock.33.Whatcanwelearnaboutsomaticmemory?A.Itisentirelybasedonneuralnetworks.B.Itcanhelptheplants’offspringtosurvive.C.Itcanhelprelieveenvironmentalstresses.DItdisturbstheplants’biochemicalnetworks.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“modulating”meaninparagraph4?A.Adjusting. B.Treasuring.C.Recording. D.Sharing.35.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.PlantsaresmartaboutfloweringtimeB.PlantscanalsoadapttoclimatechangeC.EnvironmentalstresseschallengeplantsD.Mysteriesofplantgenesaretobeunfolded【答案】32D33.B34.A35.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述的是植物像動物一樣，可以迅速地適應不利的條件，同時分析了植物能快速適應不利條件，并將這些適應傳遞給下一代的原因。【32題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中的“Forexample,climatechangeismakingwintersshorterinmanylocations,andplantsareresponding.“Manyplantsrequireaminimumperiodofcoldinordertosetuptheirenvironmentalclocktodefinetheirfloweringtime,”…(例如，氣候變化使許多地方的冬季縮短，植物正在做出反應?！霸S多植物需要最短的寒冷時間，以便設置環(huán)境時鐘來定義它們的開花時間，”……)”可知，為了適應縮短的寒冷季節(jié)，植物會設置環(huán)境時鐘來定義開花時間。故選D項?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第四段首句“Thesesomaticmemoriescanthenbepassedtotheplants’offspringviaepigenetics(表現遺傳).(然后，這些體細胞記憶可以通過表觀遺傳學傳遞給植物的后代?！笨芍?，這些體細胞記憶通過表現遺傳學傳給下一代，由此可以判斷，體細胞記憶可以幫助下一代生存下來。故選B項?！?4題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據第二段中的“Ascoldseasonsshorten,plantshaveadaptedtorequireshorterperiodsofcoldtodelayflowering.Thesemechanismsallowplantstoavoidfloweringinperiodswhentheyhavefeweropportunitiestoreproduce.(隨著寒冷季節(jié)的縮短，植物已經適應了需要較短的寒冷時間來延遲開花。這些機制允許植物避免在繁殖機會較少的時期開花。)”可知，這些機制使植物能夠調整自己在繁殖機會少的時期避免開花，這是植物調整適應環(huán)境變化的結果，劃線單詞所在的“Severalexamplesdemonstratetheexistenceofmolecularmechanismsmodulatingplantmemorytoenvironmentalstressesandaffectingtheadaptationofoffspringtothesestresses(幾個例子表明，存在調節(jié)植物記憶對環(huán)境脅迫并影響后代對這些脅迫的適應的分子機制。)”談論的是有幾種個例子表明存在這樣的“分子機制”調節(jié)植物記憶來適應環(huán)境的變化，與第二段闡述的與“這些機制”允許植物調節(jié)花期適應環(huán)境的內容相當，故該單詞意為“調節(jié)”。故選A項?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據首段中的“Animalscanadaptquicklytosurviveunfavorableenvironmentalconditions.Evidenceismountingtoshowthatplantscan,too.(動物可以快速適應，以在不利的環(huán)境條件下生存。越來越多的證據表明，植物也可以。)”并結合下文圍繞該話題舉例說明和分析植物能快速適應不利條件的原因可知，本文主要是陳述植物和動物一樣能快速適應不利條件。故選B項。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給的A-G選項中選出能補全短文的最佳選項。其中兩項為多余選項“Ifyoubuythingsyoudonotneed,soonyouwillhavetosellthingsyouneed.”ThisisapieceofwiseadvicefromWarrenBuffet,arguablyoneofthegreatestfinancialmindsofthe21thcentury.____36____Thisistrueespeciallyinthepresenteconomicclimate.Whiletheideaofbeingfrugal(節(jié)儉的)haslongbeenapartofEasternculture,therelativelyrecentgrowthofwealthinChinaaswellastheeaseofpurchasinghasledtoincreasedconsumerismformanyacrossthecountry.Yetthisincreasedconsumptionofgoodshasbeenpushingupthepricesofcertainbareessentialssuchashousing,transportationandfood,whichisforcingpeopletoreevaluatetheirprioritieswhilespendingmoney.____37____Theinternetisfloodedwithadviceonwhereonecansavemoneyaswellasgoodopinionsabouthowtheyshouldspendtheirmoney.Forexample,clothescanbeboughtsecond-hand,butyoushouldneverskipavisittothedentist.____38____Inthemeanwhile,youshouldlimitthosethatarefancybutnotentirelynecessary.Ofcourse,itisstillfinetooccasionallyspendmoneyonanicevacation,butbuyingthirtypairsofshoesyouwillonlywearafewtimesisneitherresponsiblenorsustainable.Hopefully,weallfullyunderstandatthispointthattheresourcesontheearthareindeedlimited.____39____Asaresult,thechoice(forcedornot)tobefrugalisnotonlygoodforone’swallet,butalsobeneficialtotheplanetinthelongrun.Haveyoueverchosentostarveyourselftogetapairoflimited-editionsneakers?____40____A.Acontinuousgrowthmodelonthisplanetisbynomeanssustainable.B.Thesewordshavealwaysnotbeentakenseriouslybyyoungpeople.C.Theyaremeanttoencouragepeopletobuymorestuffthantheyneed.D.Itmakessensetoprioritizegoodsandservicesthatdirectlyaffectyourhealth.E.Itisnowonderthenthatbeingfrugalisonceagainbecomingadominanttrend.F.Manyyoungpeopletodayappeartobetakingthesewordsverymuchtoheart.G.Ifso,itishightimeyoustartedmakingchangesforyourselfandforallhumanity.【答案】36.F37.E38.D39.A40.G【解析】【導語】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹21世紀年輕人的節(jié)儉觀念。【36題詳解】根據上文““Ifyoubuythingsyoudonotneed,soonyouwillhavetosellthingsyouneed.”ThisisapieceofwiseadvicefromWarrenBuffet,arguablyoneofthegreatestfinancialmindsofthe21thcentury.(“如果你買了不需要的東西，很快你就必須賣掉你需要的東西?！边@是沃倫·巴菲特的一條明智建議，他可以說是21世紀最偉大的金融大亨之一。)”和下文“Thisistrueespeciallyinthepresenteconomicclimate.(這是真的，尤其是在目前的經濟環(huán)境下。)”和“Whiletheideaofbeingfrugal(節(jié)儉的)haslongbeenapartofEasternculture,therelativelyrecentgrowthofwealthinChinaaswellastheeaseofpurchasinghasledtoincreasedconsumerismformanyacrossthecountry.Yetthisincreasedconsumptionofgoodshasbeenpushingupthepricesofcertainbareessentialssuchashousing,transportationandfood,whichisforcingpeopletoreevaluatetheirprioritieswhilespendingmoney.(雖然節(jié)儉的觀念長期以來一直是東方文化的一部分，但中國最近的財富增長以及購買的便利性導致了全國許多人的消費主義加劇。然而，這種商品消費的增加推高了某些基本必需品的價格，如住房、交通和食品，這迫使人們在花錢時重新評估自己的優(yōu)先事項。)”可知，這里表明現在年輕人的做法和巴菲特的觀點是一致的。選項F“如今，許多年輕人似乎非常重視這些話。”和上文意思一致。故選F?！?7題詳解】根據上文“Whiletheideaofbeingfrugal(節(jié)儉的)haslongbeenapartofEasternculture,therelativelyrecentgrowthofwealthinChinaaswellastheeaseofpurchasinghasledtoincreasedconsumerismformanyacrossthecountry.Yetthisincreasedconsumptionofgoodshasbeenpushingupthepricesofcertainbareessentialssuchashousing,transportationandfood,whichisforcingpeopletoreevaluatetheirprioritieswhilespendingmoney.(雖然節(jié)儉的觀念長期以來一直是東方文化的一部分，但中國最近的財富增長以及購買的便利性導致了全國許多人的消費主義加劇。然而，這種商品消費的增加推高了某些基本必需品的價格，如住房、交通和食品，這迫使人們在花錢時重新評估自己的優(yōu)先事項。)”可知，這是年輕人節(jié)儉的社會原因。選項E“因此，節(jié)儉再次成為主流也就不足為奇了?！焙蜕衔囊馑家恢?。故選E?！?8題詳解】根據上文“Forexample,clothescanbeboughtsecond-hand,butyoushouldneverskipavisittothedentist.(例如，衣服可以買二手的，但你永遠不應該錯過看牙醫(yī)的機會。)”可知，花錢的時候要先考慮健康。選項D“優(yōu)先考慮直接影響你健康的商品和服務是有意義的?！焙蜕衔囊馑家恢隆９蔬xD?！?9題詳解】根據上文“Hopefully,weallfullyunderstandatthispointthattheresourcesontheearthareindeedlimited.(希望在這一點上，我們都能充分理解地球上的資源確實是有限的。)”可知，這里提到地球上的資源確實是有限的。選項A“這個星球上的持續(xù)增長模式是不可持續(xù)的?！焙蜕衔囊馑家恢隆９蔬xA?！?0題詳解】根據上文“Haveyoueverchosentostarveyourselftogetapairoflimited-editionsneakers?(你有沒有選擇餓著肚子去買一雙限量版運動鞋？)”可知，這里表明讓人們自己從自身看有沒有做到為了地球的可持續(xù)發(fā)展而努力。選項G“如果是這樣的話，那就是你開始為自己和全人類做出改變的時候了。”和上文意思一致。故選G。第三部分英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)：（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從各小題所給