項(xiàng)目4理論知識測評答案一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（本大題共10小題，每小題2分，共計(jì)20分）1-5ABABB 6-10CDCDB二、程序閱讀題（本大題共5小題，每小題10分，共計(jì)50分）94structnode*sizeof(structnode)k*kx+5*p三、程序設(shè)計(jì)題（本大題共2小題，每小題15分，共計(jì)30分）1．請自行定義節(jié)點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)，并將a、b、c這3個(gè)字符分別存放于鏈表各節(jié)點(diǎn)中，按鏈表順序?qū)⒏鞴?jié)點(diǎn)的字符輸出。#include<stdio.h>#include<stdlib.h>//定義鏈表節(jié)點(diǎn)的結(jié)構(gòu)體typedefstructNode{chardata;//節(jié)點(diǎn)存儲的數(shù)據(jù)structNode*next;//指向下一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的指針}Node;//創(chuàng)建新節(jié)點(diǎn)的函數(shù)Node*createNode(chardata){Node*newNode=(Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));//為新節(jié)點(diǎn)分配內(nèi)存if(newNode==NULL){//檢查內(nèi)存分配是否成功printf("Memoryallocationfailed!\n");exit(1);//如果失敗則退出程序}newNode->data=data;//設(shè)置節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)newNode->next=NULL;//初始化時(shí)，新節(jié)點(diǎn)的下一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)為NULLreturnnewNode;//返回新節(jié)點(diǎn)的指針}//向鏈表末尾添加節(jié)點(diǎn)的函數(shù)voidappendNode(Node**head,chardata){Node*newNode=createNode(data);//創(chuàng)建新節(jié)點(diǎn)if(*head==NULL){//如果鏈表為空，則新節(jié)點(diǎn)即為頭節(jié)點(diǎn)*head=newNode;}else{Node*current=*head;//從頭節(jié)點(diǎn)開始遍歷while(current->next!=NULL){//遍歷到鏈表的末尾current=current->next;}current->next=newNode;//將新節(jié)點(diǎn)添加到鏈表末尾}}//遍歷鏈表并打印每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)的函數(shù)voidprintList(Node*head){Node*current=head;//從頭節(jié)點(diǎn)開始遍歷while(current!=NULL){//遍歷到鏈表末尾printf("%c",current->data);//打印當(dāng)前節(jié)點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)current=current->next;//移動到下一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)}printf("\n");//打印換行符}intmain(){Node*head=NULL;//初始化鏈表為空//向鏈表添加節(jié)點(diǎn)appendNode(&head,'a');appendNode(&head,'b');appendNode(&head,'c');//遍歷并打印鏈表printList(head);free(head);return0;}2．在上題的基礎(chǔ)上，編寫一個(gè)函數(shù)計(jì)算鏈表中的節(jié)點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)。//計(jì)算鏈表節(jié)點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)的函數(shù)intcountNodes(Node*head){intcount=0;//初始化計(jì)數(shù)器為0Node*current=head;//從頭節(jié)點(diǎn)開始遍歷while(current!=NULL){//遍歷鏈表直到末尾count++;//每遇到一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)，計(jì)數(shù)器加1current=current->next;//移動到下一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)}returncount;//返回計(jì)數(shù)器的值，即鏈表中的節(jié)點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)}intmain(){Node*head=NULL;//初始化鏈表為空//向鏈表添加節(jié)點(diǎn)appendNode(&head,'a');appendNode(&head,'b');appendNode(&head,'c');//遍歷并打印鏈表printList(head);//統(tǒng)計(jì)鏈表節(jié)