Period4Usinglanguage(1)：Grammar—Review：basicsentencestructures閱讀以下短文，感知畫線的句子，并把句子序號寫在下面方框中相應(yīng)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)后面Settinggoalsisthefirststepinachievingthem.(1)Thetipsbelowmayhelpyou.Setgoalsthatcanbeachieved.Don’tpushyourselftoachievemorethanwhatispossible.Instead，youshouldsetgoalsbasedonyourabilitiesandskills.Breakbiggoalsdownintosmallones.Whenyoudoso，(2)theywillseemeasiertoreach.Youwillbeproudofyourselfwhenyourealizeeachsmallgoal.(3)Thiswillalsogiveyoutheencouragementtoachieveyourlong-termgoal.Writeyourgoalsonpaper.Itisagoodideatoputyourgoalswhereyoucanseethem.(4)Youcanplacethelistonyourbedsidetable.Oryoucanstickitonyourbedroomwall.Thiswillremindyouofwhatyouareworkingforandkeepyoufocused.Afteryousetagoal，itisimportanttosticktoitandworkhardtowardsit.(5)Youmayfindachievinggoalsdifficult.But(6)youshouldnotgiveup.Instead，staypositiveandconfident.(7)Youwillsucceedintheend.(8)Therewillbemanychancesforyouinthefuture.主語＋謂語(S＋V)(6)主語＋系動詞＋表語(S＋V＋P)(2)主語＋謂語＋賓語(S＋V＋O)(1)主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語(S＋V＋IO＋DO)(3)主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語(S＋V＋O＋C)(5)therebe句式(Therebe...)(8)主語＋謂語＋狀語(S＋V＋A)(7)主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語(S＋V＋O＋A)(4)一、句子成分構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫作句子成分。句子成分包括主語、謂語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語等。二、基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子成分構(gòu)成了英語中各種各樣的句子，其實英語中最基本的句式只有八種，其他各種句式都由這八種基本句式演變而來。八種基本句式如下：1．主語＋謂語(S＋V)這種簡單句的謂語部分是不及物動詞，意義很完整。這種句子沒有被動語態(tài)。Theexchangestudentsareregistering.這些交換生正在登記。Weallbreathe，drinkandeat.我們都要呼吸、喝水和吃飯。2．主語＋謂語＋賓語(S＋V＋O)這種簡單句的謂語部分是及物動詞，有些不及物動詞后加上介詞也可看成一個及物動詞。Thestudentsaredoinganexperiment.學生們正在做實驗。Sheusuallyputsoffcarryingoutherpromise.她經(jīng)常拖延履行她的諾言。Youmustlistentome.你必須聽我的。3．主語＋系動詞＋表語(S＋V＋P)這種簡單句表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、身份等。HebecameateacherofEnglish.他成了一名英語教師。Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.我的弟弟們都是大學生。Shelookedalittleannoyed.她看上去有點生氣。[溫馨提示]英語中常見的系動詞有：be動詞、感官類動詞(look，smell，taste，feel，sound等)、表變化類動詞(get，become，turn，go，grow，come等)、表保持類動詞(keep，stay，remain等)；可充當表語的形式有：形容詞、副詞、名詞、介詞短語、不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)、過去/現(xiàn)在分詞和從句等。4．主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語(直接賓語和間接賓語叫作雙賓語)(S＋V＋IO＋DO)Mysistertoldmealongstory.＝Mysistertoldalongstorytome.我的姐姐給我講了一個很長的故事。Inmyview，theprofessorgaveusanexcitinglecture.＝Inmyview，theprofessorgaveanexcitinglecturetous.在我看來，教授給我們做了一場激動人心的講座。[溫馨提示]雙賓語由直接賓語和間接賓語組成。直接賓語是謂語動詞的承受者，間接賓語表示謂語動作的方向(對誰做)或動作的目標(為誰做)，間接賓語緊接在謂語動詞后，但它不能單獨存在，它和直接賓語組成雙賓語。雙賓語的常見結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)bring/give/hand/lend/pass/sell/show/take/teach/tell/write/offer/paysbsth＝bring/give/hand/lend/pass/sell/show/take/teach/tell/write/offer/paysthtosb(2)buy/makesbsth＝buy/makesthforsb5．主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓補(賓語和賓補統(tǒng)稱為復合賓語)(S＋V＋O＋C)WeallcallthebabySara.我們都叫這個嬰兒薩拉。Ifoundhisdesignveryimpressive.我發(fā)現(xiàn)他的設(shè)計讓人印象很深刻。Ifoundmyselfinastrangeplace.我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在一個陌生的地方。Theguideshowedallthevisitorsin.導游把所有的游客都帶了進來。[溫馨提示]賓補用來補充說明賓語的身份、地位或所處的狀態(tài)?？勺髻e補的有：名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞等。平時常見?？嫉馁e補結(jié)構(gòu)有：(1)ask，want，like，allow，advise，teach，persuade等＋賓語＋todo作賓補；(2)感官動詞：see，watch，notice，observe，feel，hear等＋賓語＋省略to的不定式/現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞作賓補；(3)使役動詞：let＋賓語＋省略to的不定式作賓補；make＋賓語＋省略to的不定式/過去分詞作賓補；have＋賓語＋省略to的不定式/現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞作賓補。注意：上述加省略to的不定式作賓補的動詞如果變成被動語態(tài)，省掉的to要加上。Shekeptuswaitingforheranswerforoveraweek.她讓我們等她的回音等了一個多星期。IoftenhearhersingaGermansonginherlovelyvoice.＝SheisoftenheardbymetosingaGermansonginherlovelyvoice.我時常聽到她用迷人的聲音唱一首德語歌曲。Iwillhaveallmyclotheswashedthisafternoon.今天下午我將把我所有的衣服都洗完。6．主語＋謂語＋狀語(S＋V＋A)MyparentsliveinBeijing.我的父母住在北京。Theyareplayinghappilyoverthere.他們正在那邊玩得很開心。Seeingthecat，themouseranoff.見到貓，老鼠就跑了。7．主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語(S＋V＋O＋A)Hereachedthestationfinally，onlytobetoldthetrainhadleft.他最后到了車站，結(jié)果被告知火車已經(jīng)開走了。Followedbyagroupoffans，theauthorenteredtheofficeroom.作家在一群粉絲的簇擁下走進了辦公室。Althoughhehadatightschedule，hestillhelpedhisfatherpickapplesonthefarm.盡管他的日程很緊，但是依然在農(nóng)場幫助爸爸摘蘋果。[溫馨提示]狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞或整個句子，分為時間、地點、方式、比較、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步狀語。介詞短語、副詞(短語)、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞和從句都可充當狀語；狀語通常位于句末，也可位于句首和句中。8．therebe...句型Therearen’tmanybooksontheshelf.書架上沒有多少書。Thereisapiano，achair，twodesks，andabedintheroom.房間里有一架鋼琴、一把椅子、兩張桌子和一張床。[溫馨提示]在therebe句型中，be動詞的單復數(shù)與其后最靠近的名詞的單復數(shù)保持一致，即遵循就近原則。完成下列語段，盡可能多地使用簡單句(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫)制作爆米花似乎比他們想的要難得多。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)掙錢不容易。他們告訴Bernard不要擔心。生活中總有些困難要去面對。最終，他們成功了，他們緊緊地相互擁抱，難以抑制內(nèi)心的激動。他們盡情地笑著，眼里涌動著喜悅的淚水。Makingpopcorn1.seemedmuchmoredifficultthantheyhadthought.Theyfounditnoteasy2.toearnmoney.They3.toldBernardnottoworry.4.Therewerealwayssomedifficultiestofaceinlife.Finally,5.theysucceededand6.theyhuggedeachothertightly.Theyfoundithard7.tocontaintheirinnerexcitement.8.Theylaughedheartilyandtearsofjoywelledupintheireyes.Ⅰ.寫出下列句子中黑體部分所作的成分1．Themanagermadethemworkdayandnight.2．Alotofgreenlandshavebeenopenedtothepublic.3．Thebestmethodofkeepingslimistodoexerciseregularly.4．Yoursuccesswilllargelydependuponwhatyoudoandhowyoudoit.5．Itwasabeautifulmorning.6．Iwillorderyouanewdictionaryforyourbirthday.7．Wehavedecidedtopainttheroompink.8．Thatshewasadmittedintoakeyuniversitygreatlycomfortedherparents.9．Iamverypleasedtoseeyou.10．MrWangwillgiveusatalkaboutlearningefficiently.答案1.賓補2.謂語3.表語4.賓語5.定語6．直接賓語7.賓補8.主語9.狀語10.間接賓語Ⅱ.單句寫作1．國慶節(jié)快要到了。(主語＋謂語)NationalDayiscoming.2．我們尚未決定什么時候再討論這個問題。(主語＋謂語＋賓語)Wehaven’tdecidedwhentodiscusstheproblemagain.3．奶奶昨晚送給我一個非常漂亮的布娃娃。(主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語)Grannygavemeaverybeautifuldolllastnight.4．現(xiàn)在這種活動在高中變得很受歡迎。(主語＋系動詞＋表語)Nowadaysthisactivityisbecomingverypopularinseniorhighschool.5．每天早上我們都能聽到他大聲朗讀英語。(主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語)EverymorningwecanhearhimreadEnglishaloud.6．過去十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大變化。(主語＋謂語＋狀語)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.7．這個周末湯姆不打算去看電影。(主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語)Tomisnotgoingtoseethefilmthisweekend.8．山頂上有一棵古樹。(Therebe...)Thereisanoldtreeonthetopofthemountain.Ⅲ.閱讀下面短文，分析并寫出畫線部分的句子結(jié)構(gòu)1．Myparentslovemeverymuch.However，theylikemakingalmostalldecisionsforme.Theychooseschoolsandsubjectsforme.Sometimeseventhedailytimetableshavetobedecidedbythem.Inmyopinion,2.decidingeverythingforchildrendoesnothelpthembutharmstheminmanyways.Firstly,3.itwillmakechildrenlessconfident,4.whichisuselesstotheirdevelopment.Secondly，inmanycasesparentsdon’tcareaboutchildren’spersonalideasandinterests,5.whichwillinfluencetheirgrowthgreatly.Asaresult,6.alotofchildrenarecomplaining！Idobelievetogrowtobeindependentisanaturalwayforeverybody.7.Parentsshouldgiveuschancestomakeourdecisions.Theymayhelpusmakechoicesinsteadofreplacingustomakechoices.Afterall,8.therearealotofthingsforustoexplorebyourselves.答案1.主語＋謂語＋賓語2.主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語3.主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語4.主語＋系動詞＋表語5.主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語6.主語＋謂語7.主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語8.therebe句型Ⅳ.閱讀理解Afterenteringhighschool，youmayfindtherearemanyclubsatyourschool.Youmaythinkyou’retoobusytojoinone.Butasaformerhighschoolstudent，Icantellyoujoiningaschoolclubcangreatlyprofityou.Youroldfriendsmayhaveleftyouafterenteringhighschool.Anditmeansyouneedtomeetnewpeople.Joiningacluballowsyoutotalkwithothersandfindthosewhohavesimilarinterestsasyou.Basedonmyexperience，Ihavemetsomeofmybestfriendsfromclubactivities，whichopenedupmanynewdoorsforme.Anotherreallynicethingaboutjoiningaclubisthatitlooksreallygoodoncollegeapplications(申請書)．Tryingnewthingsissomethingthatlooksreallygoodonanyapplication.Outgoingisconsideredaverygoodqualitywhichshowsthatyouaredeterminedandreadytoputyourselfoutthereandbestofalltrynewthings.What’smore，itcanhelpyoudevelopskillsthatcanserveyouduringfuturecollegeinterviews.Besides，joiningaclubcanmakestudentsusetheirfreetimewisely.Mostteensgotoschools，thengobackhomeandspendtherestofthedayinfrontofascreen.Teensarealsoverylikelytofallintothewrongcrowd，whichcouldleadtosomebadresults.Clubsaregoodplacestospendtimewithgoodpeopletofallbackon.Themostimportantreasonwhyyoushouldjoinaclubisthelong-termbenefits(益處)itbrings.Theclassroomisn’ttheonlylearningenvironmentinaschool.Theskillsyoulearninclubsarenecessaryonesthatcanbeusedineverydaylife，whichIthinkisthefinalgoalofjoiningaclub.Thingssuchasmeetingandspeakingtonewpeople，makingthemostoftime，andbeingorganizedarethoseyouwillmeeteverysingledayofyourlife，butyoucanlearnalloftheminclubs.Soifyouhaven’tjoinedaschoolclubyet，youknowwhatyoushoulddonow.語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了對于一名剛進入高中的學生，學校有很多社團可以參加，加入學校社團對高中生活和學習有很大的好處。1．Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“profit”inparagraph1?A．Cheerup. B．Goagainst.C．Makeuseof. D．Begoodfor.答案D解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第一段的第二句和第三句的“But”可知，此處為轉(zhuǎn)折，表明參加社團是有好處的。由此推知，“profit”一詞的意思是“對……有好處”。故選D。2．Whatdocollegesthinkhighlyofaccordingtothetext?A．Thenumberofclubsyouhavejoined.B．Thestrongrelationshipsyouhavebuilt.C．Thebrightpersonalityyouhavedeveloped.D．Thesimilarinterestsyousharewithotherstudents.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的第一句和第三句可知，參加社團在申請大學時看起來很不錯。外向是一種好品質(zhì)，這表明你有決心，準備好讓自己出現(xiàn)在那兒(去做某事)，最好的是你愿意嘗試新事物。因此可知，大學高度重視你所培養(yǎng)出的開朗的個性。故選C。3．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．WhyShouldYouJoinaClub?B．WhatClubShouldYouJoin?C．HowCanYouJoinaClubYouLike?D．ShouldYouJoinaSecondClub?答案A解析標題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句可知，加入社團非常有好處。再結(jié)合下文講到加入社團可以結(jié)交新朋友，對申請大學有好處，可以理智地利用業(yè)余時間等好處，可知本文主要討論了為什么要加入學校社團。故選A。4．Inwhichsectionofamagazinemaythistextappear?A．Health. B．Schoollife.C．Culture. D．Socialwork.答案B解析文章出處題。文章主要介紹了對于一名剛進入高中的學生，學校有很多社團可以參加，加入學校社團對高中生活和學習有很大的好處。尤其根據(jù)文章第一段的第二、三句可知，這篇文章可能會出現(xiàn)在雜志的學校生活部分。故選B。Ⅴ.完形填空Ayoungmancameacrosshisoldteacher.“Ibecameateacherbecauseyouinspired(激勵)metobelikeyou，”saidtheyoungmanandtoldhimthefollowingstory：Oneday，afriendofmine1theclassroomwithanicenewwatch.IloveditsomuchthatI2itfromhim.Assoonasmyfriend3hehadlosthiswatch，hereportedit4toourteacher，whowasyou.Youwenttotheclass，“Thisstudent’swatchwasmissingduringclassestoday.Whoeverhastakenitshould5thewatch.”Atthattime，Iwas6toraisemyhand.Thenyoushutthedoorandtoldusalltogetupandbeganto7ourpocketsonebyone.Butyou8ustocloseoureyes.Youwentfrompockettopocket，andwhenmy9came，youfoundthewatchandtookit.You10searchingeveryone’spocketsuntilyoufinished，youaskedustoopenoureyes.Itwasthemost11dayofmylife.Butthiswasalsothedaymy12wassaved.Younever13anythingabouttheincidentlater，norevengavemearightorwronglesson，butIreceivedyour14clearly.Iunderstoodwhatarealeducatorneedstodo.Ifaneducatormustmakestudentslosethe15ofotherpeople，hedoesn’tknowhowtoteach.語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一位青年遇到了曾經(jīng)教過自己的老師，向老師講了一件上學時期發(fā)生的事，這件事使青年受到了教育，受這位老師的影響，青年現(xiàn)在也成了一名教師。1．A.watched B．cleanedC．entered D．designed答案C解析根據(jù)下文“...theclassroomwithanicenewwatch.Iloveditsomuch”可推知，此處指青年在教室中看到朋友戴著漂亮的新手表走進了教室。故選C。2．A.borrowed B．stoleC．learned D．heard答案B解析根據(jù)上文“Iloveditsomuch”以及下文“hehadlosthiswatch”可推知，此處指青年十分喜歡朋友的手表，所以偷走了它。故選B。3．A.imagined B．fearedC．realized D．regretted答案C解析根據(jù)下文“hehadlosthiswatch，hereportedittoourteacher”可推知，此處指青年的朋友發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的手表丟了，于是告訴了老師。故選C。4．A.immediately B．obviouslyC．possibly D．a(chǎn)ctually答案A解析根據(jù)上文“Assoonasmyfriendhehadlosthiswatch，hereportedit”可推知，此處指青年的朋友一發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的手表丟了，就立即告訴了老師。故選A。5．A.handout B．putawayC．turndown D．giveback答案D解析handout分發(fā)；putaway收好；turndown拒絕(請求)；giveback歸還。根據(jù)上文“Whoeverhastakeritshould”及常識可推知，此處指老師要求拿走手表的學生歸還手表。故選D。6．A.forced B．a(chǎn)nnoyedC．a(chǎn)mazed D．frightened答案D解析結(jié)合語境可知，此處指青年偷了朋友的手表且聽到老師的話，十分害怕，嚇得不敢舉手。故選D。7．A.fill B．searchC．exchange D．use答案B解析根據(jù)下文“Youwentfrompockettopocket”可推知，此處指老師挨個搜查學生的口袋。故選B。8．A.encouraged B．expectedC．a(chǎn)llowed D．required答案D解析根據(jù)下文“youaskedustoopenoureyes”可推知，此處指老師在搜查時要求學生們都閉上眼睛。故選D。9．A.turn B．choiceC．chance D．result答案A解析根據(jù)上文“Youwentfrompockettopocket”以及“youfoundthewatchandtookit”可推知，此處指老師挨個搜查，輪到了這個青年，在他口袋里找到了手表。故選A。10．A.considered B．continuedC．started D．stopped答案B解析根據(jù)上文“whenmycame，youfoundthewatchandtookit”以及下文“searchingeveryone’spocketsuntilyoufinished”可推知，此處指老師找到了表后還繼續(xù)搜查學生們的口袋，直到搜完全部學生的口袋。故選B。11．A.interesting B．confusingC．shameful D．dangerous答案C解析根據(jù)上文“whenmycame，youfoundthewatchandtookit”可推知，此處指青年偷朋友的手表被老師發(fā)現(xiàn)了，所以他認為非常丟臉。故選C。12．A.goal B．faceC．business D．dream答案B解析根據(jù)上文“Yousearchingeveryone’spocketsuntilyoufinished，youaskedustoopenoureyes.”可推知，此處指青年的老師雖然知道了是他偷的手表，但還是繼續(xù)搜查學生們的口袋，是為了讓學生不知道到底是誰偷的，保全了青年的面子。故選B。13．A.mentioned B．describedC．organized D．explored答案A解析根據(jù)下文“anythingabouttheincidentlater，norevengavemearightorwronglesson”可推知，此處指老師后來從未提過青年偷手表這件事，也沒有給他正確或錯誤的教訓。故選A。14．A.reason B．excuseC．report D．message答案D解析根據(jù)下文“Iunderstoodwhatarealeducatorneedstodo.”可推知，此處指雖然老師后來從未提及此事，但是青年通過這件事清楚地接收到了老師的信息，理解了老師的意圖，明白了一位真正的教育者需要做什么。故選D。15．A.admiration B．impressionC．trust D．support答案C解析結(jié)合語境并根據(jù)下文“hedoesn’tknowhowtoteach”可推知，此處指在偷手表事件中，老師恰當?shù)奶幚矸绞阶屒嗄晔芤娣藴\，他也明白了教育者必須讓學生得到其他人的信任。故選C。Ⅵ.語法填空Mississippiprimaryschoolstudentsarealwaysgivenaspecialback-to-schoolwelcomeontheirfirstday.Lastyearagroupofabout20fathers1.(welcome)thechildreninfrontoftheschoolgateofBarackH．ObamaMagnetElementaryinJackson，Mississippi.Theparentshavemadeahuman“tunnel”(隧道)forkidsontheirfirstdayfor2.pastfewyears，accordingtoParent-TeacherAssociationpresidentRashadWilliams.“Theideabehindit3.(be)thattheywantthekidstoknowtheir