高三英語考試注意事項：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號、座位號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whenwillthespeakersgoaway?A.Thisafternoon.B.Thisweekend.C.Nextweekend.2.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Buyanewcar.B.Havethecarrepaired.C.Sellthecartohim.3.Whatwastheman'spreviousweight?A.113pounds.B.120pounds.C.137pounds.4.Whydoesthewomancometothecoffeeshop?A.Tomeetherfriend.B.Tohaveacupofcoffee.C.Totakeshelterfromtherain.5Howmanytimeshasthemanstayedatthehotelbeforethisvisit?A.Once.B.Twice.C.Threetimes.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howdoesthemangohomefromthestore?A.Bybus.B.Onfoot.C.Bycar.7.Whydoesthemanbuysomuchfood?A.Heisonholiday.B.Hewillhostabirthdayparty.C.HewillholdawelcomedinnerforDaniel.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whenwasthelasttimethespeakerssaweachother?A.LastDecember.B.ThisFebruary.C.Threemonthsago.9.WheredidthemanworkinJanuary?A.Inthefoodcompany.B.IntheNationalBank.C.Atauniversity.10.Whoisinthesecondgrade?A.Billy.B.Tom.C.Jane.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Onatrain.B.Nearabusstop.C.Inadepartmentstore.12.Whatdidthemando?A.Hehurtthewoman.B.Heknockedthebagstotheground.C.Hehelpedthewomancarrythebags.13.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Catchthebus.B.Stoptopickupbags.C.Sendthewomantothehospital.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Waitingforherflight.B.LookingforPamela.C.Seeingthemanoff.15.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Goodfriends.B.Husbandandwife.C.Colleagues.16.WhatwillthemandoinBeijing?A.Spendaholiday.B.Startanewbusiness.C.Meetanewcustomer.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Howlongwillthewrittenexamlast?A.Threehoursandahalf.B.Twohoursandahalf.C.Onehourandahalf.18.Whenisthedeadlineofprintingtheadmissionticket?A.April7.B.April13.C.April15.19.Whatshouldthestudentstakefortheexam?A.IDcardsandforms.B.Studentcardsandforms.C.IDcardsandadmissiontickets.20.Whichisthebesttransporttogototheuniversity?A.Asubway.B.Ataxi.C.Abike.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ATakePartintheCrossBayWalkJointhePendlesideHospiceCrossBayWalkinMorecambe,andmakeadifferencetothelivesofthoseinneedinPendlesideHospice,whichexiststopromoteandenhancethequalityoflifeforpeoplewithlife-limitingillnesses.TheRegistrationFeeParticipateinthisremarkableeventforjust￡15foradultsand￡10forchildren.YourregistrationincludesaT-shirtforadultsandchildren.TheSpecificArrangementGatheryourlovedones,orventureoutsolo—everyoneiswelcome.Thewalkkicksoffat10:30am,butpleasegatheratthestartingpointat9:30am.TheroutestretchesfromArnsidetoKent’sBankrailwaystation,coveringapproximately8milesofdiverseterrain(地形).Adultsshouldbereadytoassistchildrenandpetsoverchallengingsectionsanddeeperwaters.Remembertoarrangeyourreturntransportationfromthewalk’sendpoint.StartFundraisingImmediatelyOnceregistered,it’stimetostartfundraising.Whileyourregistrationfeehelpscovereventcosts,anyextradonationsdirectlyenhancethehospice’sabilitytoprovideessentialcare.Weencourageeachfamilytoaimforaminimumof￡100inadditionalsponsorship.Asponsorshippackwillbeprovidedtoaidyourfundraisingefforts,andsettingupanInternetfundraisingpagecanbeafantasticwaytocollectdonations.ThisuniquewalkingexperiencenotonlychallengesyouphysicallybutalsooffersachancetocontributemeaningfullytothePendlesideHospice.Laceupyourwalkingshoes,inspireyourcommunity,andmakeeverystepcounttowardsanoblecause.1.WhatistheCrossBayWalk?A.Acharityevent. B.Apromotionservice,C.Awalkingcompetition. D.Afamilygathering.2.Whenshouldtheparticipantsmeetatthedeparturepoint?A.At8:00am. B.At9:00am.C.At9:30am. D.At10:30am.3.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Toattractmoreparticipants. B.Toshowthebenefitsofwalking.C.Tointroducemorearrangements. D.Totellreadersanemailaddress.【答案】1.A2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了PendlesideHospiceCrossBayWalk這一活動，該活動旨在為生命有限的人提高生活質(zhì)量，并鼓勵人們參與慈善步行，為醫(yī)院籌集善款。【1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“JointhePendlesideHospiceCrossBayWalkinMorecambe,andmakeadifferencetothelivesofthoseinneedinPendlesideHospice,whichexiststopromoteandenhancethequalityoflifeforpeoplewithlife-limitingillnesses.(加入位于Morecambe的PendlesideHospiceCrossBayWalk，為PendlesideHospice中需要幫助的人們的生活帶來改變，該醫(yī)院旨在促進和提高生命有限的人們的生活質(zhì)量)”和倒數(shù)第二段中“Asponsorshippackwillbeprovidedtoaidyourfundraisingefforts,andsettingupanInternetfundraisingpagecanbeafantasticwaytocollectdonations.(我們會提供一個贊助包來幫助你籌款，建立一個互聯(lián)網(wǎng)籌款頁面也是一個收集捐款的好方法)”可知，CrossBayWalk是一個慈善活動，旨在為生命有限的人籌集善款，提高他們的生活質(zhì)量。故選A項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheSpecificArrangement部分中“Thewalkkicksoffat10:30am,butpleasegatheratthestartingpointat9:30am.(步行活動于上午10:30開始，但請于上午9:30在起點集合)”可知，參與者應(yīng)該在上午9:30在出發(fā)點集合。故選C項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“ThisuniquewalkingexperiencenotonlychallengesyouphysicallybutalsooffersachancetocontributemeaningfullytothePendlesideHospice.Laceupyourwalkingshoes,inspireyourcommunity,andmakeeverystepcounttowardsanoblecause.(這次獨特的步行體驗不僅對你的身體構(gòu)成挑戰(zhàn)，而且還為你提供了一個為PendlesideHospice做出有意義貢獻的機會。穿上你的步行鞋，激勵你的社區(qū)，讓每一步都為一個崇高的事業(yè)做出貢獻)”可知，最后一段的目的是鼓勵更多的人參與這個慈善步行活動，為醫(yī)院籌集善款。故選A項。BThreeyearsago,SatherGowdy,astudentatGonzagaUniversity,wentthroughabreak-up.Thentwoofhisclosefriendspassedaway.SoSatherwithdrew,avoidinggoingout.EverythingchangedonedayasSatherwasreturninghomefromclass.Anelderlywoman,standingbyheropentrunkfullofgroceries,askedhimtohelpher.Hehelpedhergettheminside.“Walkinghome,Irealizedmyheartfeelinglighterforthefirsttimeinweeks,”Sathersays.Hemadeadecisionnottoclosehimselfoff,butperformkindnesseverydayforhiscommunity.Satherstartssmall.Heoncenoticedhisneighbor’sfencewasdamagedandwantedtofixit,buthedidn’tknowhow.“Lackofknowledgedidn’tstopme!”hesays.“Ilearnedonline,boughtahammerandsomenails,andrepairedit.”Asthemovementhasgrown,sohaveSather’sresponsibilities.Hededicatesseveralhourseachdaytofindingwaystoserveothers—cleaningupthecommunityorassistingelderlyneighborswithyardworkandothertasks.“Servingothersisn’talwaysfun,”Sathersays.“It’shardworktoremaincommittedtospreadingkindnessthroughservingothers.Butevenonthetoughestdays,seeingthesmilesonmyneighbors’facesmakesitworthwhile.”“Thinkofsomethingthateveryonecomplainsaboutandthengodoit,”Satherrecommends.Analleynearhishouse,forexample,wasconstantlyfilledwithtrash.Neighborstalkedabouthowmuchtheyhatedit,yetnoonedidanythingaboutit.Satherspentseveralhoursdailyfortwoweekscleaningit.“WhenIwasdone,Isawincreasedjoyandprideinourneighborhood,”Sathersays.Sevenmonthslater,thealleyisstillclean.Satheroftenseesneighborscheckingonit,pickinguplingeringgarbageorcuttingbackweeds.“Startsmall.You’llbeamazedatyourimpact,”saysSather.4.WhatpulledSatheroutofthestateofbeingseparate?A.Thepositiveimpactoftheclassonhim. B.Theelderlylady’spracticalsuggestions.C.Thetimelykindnessfromthecommunity. D.Thesenseofachievementfrombeinghelpful.5.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph3?A.HowSatherfeltabouthisbehaviour. B.HowSatherhelpsthecommunity.C.WhySatherfindswaystoserveothers. D.WhatSatherneededtofixhisneighbor’sfence.6.WhatcanwelearnfromSather’sstory?A.Doinggoodstartswithourselves. B.Worktogethertohelptheelderly.C.Beingproudhelpstoserveothers. D.Helpotherstomakethemstronger.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Hissearchforthesimplestjoy B.Hispursuitofthecommunity’shappinessC.Hehealedhispainwithactsofkindness D.Hechangedthecommunitywithhisefforts【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Sather在經(jīng)歷個人困境后，決定通過為社區(qū)做好事來改變自己的心態(tài)和生活，進而產(chǎn)生了積極的社會影響這一故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Threeyearsago,SatherGowdy,astudentatGonzagaUniversity,wentthroughabreak-up.Thentwoofhisclosefriendspassedaway.SoSatherwithdrew,avoidinggoingout.(三年前，岡薩加大學(xué)的學(xué)生SatherGowdy經(jīng)歷了分手。隨后，他的兩位密友也相繼離世。因此，Sather變得封閉起來，避免外出。)”第二段“EverythingchangedonedayasSatherwasreturninghomefromclass.Anelderlywoman,standingbyheropentrunkfullofgroceries,askedhimtohelpher.Hehelpedhergettheminside.“Walkinghome,Irealizedmyheartfeelinglighterforthefirsttimeinweeks,”Sathersays.Hemadeadecisionnottoclosehimselfoff,butperformkindnesseverydayforhiscommunity.(一天，當(dāng)Sather下課回家時，一切發(fā)生了改變。一位老婦人站在她裝滿雜貨的后備箱旁，請求他幫忙。他幫她把東西搬進了屋里?！白咴诨丶业穆飞希乙庾R到我的心情幾周以來第一次變得輕松了，”Sather說。他決定不再封閉自己，而是每天為社區(qū)做好事。)”可知，Sather在經(jīng)歷分手和密友離世后變得封閉，但有一天他幫助了一位老婦人搬運雜貨，這次經(jīng)歷讓他心情變得輕松，并決定不再封閉自己，而是每天為社區(qū)做好事。因此，是幫助他人這一行為帶來的正面情感和成就感讓他擺脫了封閉的狀態(tài)。故選D?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Satherstartssmall.Heoncenoticedhisneighbor’sfencewasdamagedandwantedtofixit,buthedidn’tknowhow.“Lackofknowledgedidn’tstopme!”hesays.“Ilearnedonline,boughtahammerandsomenails,andrepairedit.”Asthemovementhasgrown,sohaveSather’sresponsibilities.Hededicatesseveralhourseachdaytofindingwaystoserveothers—cleaningupthecommunityorassistingelderlyneighborswithyardworkandothertasks.(Sather從小事做起。有一次，他注意到鄰居的籬笆壞了，想把它修好，但不知道該怎么做。“知識的缺乏并沒有阻止我！”他說，“我在網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)，買了錘子和釘子，然后把它修好了。”隨著這項行動的發(fā)展，Sather的責(zé)任也越來越大。他每天花費數(shù)小時尋找服務(wù)他人的方法——清理社區(qū)或幫助老年鄰居做園藝和其他工作。)”可知，第三段主要講述了Sather如何幫助社區(qū)，如清理社區(qū)或幫助老年鄰居做園藝和其他工作。故選B。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了Sather經(jīng)歷了個人困境后，通過為社區(qū)做好事來改變自己的心態(tài)和生活。他從小事做起，如修理鄰居的籬笆，逐漸發(fā)展到每天花費數(shù)小時尋找服務(wù)他人的方法。這個過程表明，Sather的善行是從他自身開始的，他通過自己的行動影響了社區(qū)，帶來了正面的變化。選項A“Doinggoodstartswithourselves.(做好事從我們自己開始)”與Sather的故事相符，他通過自己的努力和行動，從小事做起，逐漸產(chǎn)生了更大的影響。故選A。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Threeyearsago,SatherGowdy,astudentatGonzagaUniversity,wentthroughabreak-up.Thentwoofhisclosefriendspassedaway.SoSatherwithdrew,avoidinggoingout.(三年前，岡薩加大學(xué)的學(xué)生SatherGowdy經(jīng)歷了分手。隨后，他的兩位密友也相繼離世。因此，Sather變得封閉起來，避免外出。)”第二段“EverythingchangedonedayasSatherwasreturninghomefromclass.(一天，當(dāng)Sather下課回家時，一切發(fā)生了改變。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了Sather在經(jīng)歷個人困境后，通過為社區(qū)做好事來改變自己的心態(tài)和生活，從而逐漸走出傷痛的故事。選項C“Hehealedhispainwithactsofkindness(他用善行治愈了傷痛)”準(zhǔn)確地捕捉到了文章的核心內(nèi)容，即Sather通過為社區(qū)做好事來治愈自己因個人困境而產(chǎn)生的傷痛。故選C。CAstudyledbyUCRiverside(UCR)atmosphericscientistspredictsthatuncheckedcarbonemissions(排放物)willforcetropicalrainstoshiftnorthwardinthecomingdecades,whichwouldprofoundlyimpacttheregionsneartheEarth'sequator.Thenorthwardrainshiftiscausedbycomplexatmosphericchanges.Thesechangesaredrivenbycarbonemissions,whichinturninfluencetheformationoftropicalconvergence(匯集)zones.Thosezonesareessentiallyatmosphericenginesthatdriveaboutathirdoftheworld’srainfall,whichAntonyP.Thomas,aprofessorofclimatechangeandsustainabilityatUCRreportedinapaperpublishedinthejournalNatureClimateChange.Tropicalregionsoneithersidetheequator,suchascentralAfricannations,northernSouthAmerica,andPacificislandstateswouldbethemostaffected.Majorcropsintheseregionsincludecoffee,cocoa,palmoil,bananas,sugarcane,tea,mangoes,andpineapples.Tropicalrainforestscanhaveasmuchas14feetofrainayear.“Therainfallchangeisenormous”Antonysaid.“It'saveryheavyrainfallregion.So,asmallshiftwillcausebigchangesintheeconomyofthesocieties.Itwillaffectmanyregions.”Antonyandhiscolleaguesusedadvancedcomputermodelstopredicttheatmosphericinfluenceofcarbondioxideemissionsfromcontinuedburningoffossilfuelsandothersources.”Thisclimatemodelincludedmanycomponentsoftheatmosphere,ocean,seaice,andland.Allthesecomponentsareinteractingwitheachother,”hesaid.“Basically,wetrytosimulatetherealworld.Inthemodel,wecanincreaseourcarbondioxideemissionsfrompre-industriallevelstomuchhigherlevels.”Theanalysisaccountedforhowcarbonemissionsinfluencetheamountofradiantenergyatthetopofatmosphere.Italsoconsideredthechangesinseaice,watervaporandcloudformation.Theseandotherfactorsresultedinconditionsthatpushtherain-formingconvergencezonesnorthwardbyasmuchas0.2degreesonaverage.8.Whatmaybethemaincauseoftherainshift?A.Therainforests. B.Carbonemissions.C.TheEarth'sequator. D.Economicgrowth.9.HowdoesAntonyfeelabouttherainshift?A.Confused. B.Grateful. C.Worried. D.Indifferent.10.Whichwordcanbestdescribethestudy?A.Comprehensive. B.Widespread. C.Fruitful. D.Historic.11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Therainshiftisunrelatedtohumanactivities.B.Therainshiftthreatensequatorialagriculture.C.Thestudy’scomputermodelswerenotpreciseenough.D.Theimpactoftherainshiftwillbelimitedtoremoteareas.【答案】8.B9.C10.A11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章講述一項研究預(yù)測，不受控制的碳排放將迫使熱帶降雨在未來幾十年內(nèi)向北移動，將對地球赤道附近的地區(qū)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thesechangesaredrivenbycarbonemissions,whichinturninfluencetheformationoftropicalconvergence(匯集)zones.(這些變化是由碳排放驅(qū)動的，而碳排放反過來又影響熱帶輻合帶的形成。)”可知，雨帶的移動主要是由碳排放引起的。故選B。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的““Therainfallchangeisenormous,”Antonysaid.“It’saveryheavyrainfallregion.So,asmallshiftwillcausebigchangesintheeconomyofthesocieties.Itwillaffectmanyregions.”(“降雨量變化很大，”安東尼說。“這是一個雨量非常大的地區(qū)。所以，一個小的轉(zhuǎn)變會引起社會經(jīng)濟的大變化。它將影響許多地區(qū)?！?可知，安東尼認(rèn)為一個小小的轉(zhuǎn)變會導(dǎo)致社會經(jīng)濟的巨大變化。它將影響許多地區(qū)。因此推斷Antony對雨帶的移動感到擔(dān)憂。故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Antonyandhiscolleaguesusedadvancedcomputermodelstopredicttheatmosphericinfluenceofcarbondioxideemissionsfromcontinuedburningoffossilfuelsandothersources.”Thisclimatemodelincludedmanycomponentsoftheatmosphere,ocean,seaice,andland.(安東尼和他的同事使用先進的計算機模型來預(yù)測持續(xù)燃燒化石燃料和其他來源產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳排放對大氣的影響。這個氣候模型包括了大氣、海洋、海冰和陸地的許多組成部分。)”可知，研究使用了“先進的計算機模型”以及考慮了多個影響因素,可見這項研究是全面的。故選A。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Tropicalregionsoneithersidetheequator,suchascentralAfricannations,northernSouthAmerica,andPacificislandstateswouldbethemostaffected.Majorcropsintheseregionsincludecoffee,cocoa,palmoil,bananas,sugarcane,tea,mangoes,andpineapples.(赤道兩側(cè)的熱帶地區(qū)，如中非國家、南美洲北部和太平洋島國，將受到最嚴(yán)重的影響。這些地區(qū)的主要作物包括咖啡、可可、棕櫚油、香蕉、甘蔗、茶、芒果和菠蘿。)”可知，熱帶地區(qū)主要農(nóng)作物可能受影響，說明雨帶的移動威脅了赤道地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)。故選B。DEngineerKerstinG?pfrichbuildsmachines.Butratherthanbuildingmetaldevices,shemakestinyonestoworkinsideourcells.G?pfrichleadsaresearchgroupfocusingonthe“engineeringoflife”attheMaxPlanckInstituteforMedicalResearchinHeidelberg,Germany.Ourcellsarealreadyfullofnature-mademachinescarryingoutthedailytasksofliving.Manyareproteins.Butsometimesournaturalprotein-machinesdon’tworkright.Brokenbiomachinerycausesmanydiseases,Soscientistsareconsideringhowtheymightfixfaultyproteins.Theymightwireupartificialnervestoreplacedamagedones.Andthepotentialforsuchdevicesgoesbeyondmakingrepairs.Scientistsarelookingathowtogivecellsnewabilities,hopingthatbydevelopingenoughnovelbiomachines,theymightmakenewformsoflife.Soifaproteinisfaulty,whynotmakeanewoneinthelab?BackwhenFrankieRawsonwasastudent,heaskedhisteachersthat.NowananotechnologistattheUniversityofNottinghaminEngland,Rawsonhasansweredhisownquestion,“Itturnsoutthatwe’renotverygoodatartificiallyre-creatingwhatbiologydoes.”BiologistslikeRawsonandG?pfrichfoundaworkaround.They’recreatingnanomachinesthatdothesamejobsasproteins.Withtherightdesign,thesenanomachinescandosoeasieratlesscost.Theyalsocanbemorestableusingfeweringredients.Tobuildthem,researchersworkwithmanytypesofmaterials.Rawsonusescarbonnanotubes.G?pfrichevenusesbiologicalmolecules,suchasDNA.Ratherthanhealoldordamagedbodyparts,she’dreplacethemwithnewones.Scientistshavelearnedtomakesmallsynthetic(合成的)biologyfixes.Ourcellsmustworktogether.“Thinkofthemlikethewiringofahouse,”Rawsonsays.Flipaswitch,andalightturnson.That’sabig-scaleeffect.Buteachsmallpieceinthesystemmustworkproperlytogetthatendeffect.12.Whatdoesparagraph2intendtotellus?A.Thecostofrepairingproteins. B.Theprospectfornature-mademachines.C.Thechallengeofnaturalprotein-machines. D.Thebackgroundofcreatingnewbiomachines.13.WhyisRawsonmentionedinparagraph4?ATopresentscientists’failureinbiology. B.Toconveyhisideaoflifeengineering.C.Toshowmakingproteinsinthelabishard. D.Toexplainwhynanotechnologyisimportant.14.Whichcanbestexplaintheunderlinedword“workground”inparagraph5?A.Anewdilemma. B.Adifficultcondition.C.Analternativesolution. D.Anunbelievablestory.15.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlyexpress?A.Theeffectofproteinsonourbody. B.Thecombinationofthewiringofahouse.C.Thecomplexityofthehumanbodysystem. D.Theprecisionrequiredforsyntheticbiology.【答案】12.D13.C14.C15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家在生命工程和納米技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的研究進展，特別是關(guān)于如何制造能在細(xì)胞內(nèi)工作的微型機器（納米機器）來替代或修復(fù)受損的生物機器（蛋白質(zhì)）。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Ourcellsarealreadyfullofnature-mademachinescarryingoutthedailytasksofliving.Manyareproteins.Butsometimesournaturalprotein-machinesdon’tworkright.Brokenbiomachinerycausesmanydiseases,Soscientistsareconsideringhowtheymightfixfaultyproteins.Theymightwireupartificialnervestoreplacedamagedones.(我們的細(xì)胞已經(jīng)充滿了自然形成的機器，執(zhí)行著生命活動的日常任務(wù)。其中許多是蛋白質(zhì)。但有時我們的天然蛋白質(zhì)機器會出現(xiàn)故障。生物機器損壞會引發(fā)許多疾病，因此科學(xué)家們正在考慮如何修復(fù)有缺陷的蛋白質(zhì)。他們可能會用人工神經(jīng)來替換受損的神經(jīng)。)”可知，第二段作者想要介紹一下科學(xué)家們想要創(chuàng)造新型生物機器的背景知識，也就是希望用這種新型生物機器修復(fù)有缺陷的蛋白質(zhì)和替換受損的神經(jīng)。故選D。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“BackwhenFrankieRawsonwasastudent,heaskedhisteachersthat.NowananotechnologistattheUniversityofNottinghaminEngland,Rawsonhasansweredhisownquestion,“Itturnsoutthatwe’renotverygoodatartificiallyre-creatingwhatbiologydoes.”(當(dāng)FrankieRawson還是學(xué)生的時候，他就問過老師這個問題?，F(xiàn)在，作為英國諾丁漢大學(xué)的一名納米技術(shù)專家，Rawson已經(jīng)回答了自己的問題：“事實證明，我們在人工復(fù)制生物所做的事情方面并不擅長?！?”可知，第四段提到Rawson主要是因為他曾作為學(xué)生時向老師提出過關(guān)于在實驗室制造新蛋白質(zhì)的問題，而現(xiàn)在作為納米技術(shù)專家的他回答了這個問題，指出“我們在人工復(fù)制生物所做的事情方面并不擅長”。這表明在實驗室制造蛋白質(zhì)是困難的。故選C?！?4題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“They’recreatingnanomachinesthatdothesamejobsasproteins.Withtherightdesign,thesenanomachinescandosoeasieratlesscost.Theyalsocanbemorestableusingfeweringredients.(他們正在創(chuàng)造能做蛋白質(zhì)相同工作的納米機器。有了正確的設(shè)計，這些納米機器可以更容易、更廉價地完成工作。它們使用的成分更少，因此也可以更加穩(wěn)定。)”可知，他們找到了一種解決方法來解決上文提到的不擅長人工復(fù)制生物的問題。由此可知，劃線詞workground為“解決方法”之意。選項A“Anewdilemma(一個新的困境)”；選項B“Adifficultcondition(一個困難的狀況)”；選項C“Analternativesolution(一個替代的解決方案)”；選項D“Anunbelievablestory(一個不可思議的故事)”。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Scientistshavelearnedtomakesmallsynthetic(合成的)biologyfixes.Ourcellsmustworktogether.“Thinkofthemlikethewiringofahouse,”Rawsonsays.Flipaswitch,andalightturnson.That’sabig-scaleeffect.Buteachsmallpieceinthesystemmustworkproperlytogetthatendeffect.(科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)學(xué)會了進行小型合成生物學(xué)修復(fù)。我們的細(xì)胞必須協(xié)同工作。“可以把它們想象成房屋的布線，”Rawson說。撥動開關(guān)，燈就會亮。這是一個大規(guī)模的效果。但系統(tǒng)中的每一個小部件都必須正常工作，才能實現(xiàn)這一最終效果。)”可知，最后一段通過將人體細(xì)胞比作房屋的布線，強調(diào)每個小部分都必須正常工作才能達到最終效果，這突出了合成生物學(xué)所需的精確性和準(zhǔn)確性。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Earth'snaturalresourcesincludeair,water,soil,minerals,fuels,plants,andanimals.Conservationisthepracticeofcaringfortheseresources,andalllivingthingscanbenefitfromit.Allthethingsweneedtosurviveon,suchasfood,water,air,andshelter,comefromnaturalresources.Someoftheseresources,likesmallplants,canbereplacedquicklyaftertheyareused.Others,likelargetrees,takealongtimetoreplace.___16___Otherresources,suchasfossilfuels,cannotbereplacedatall.Onceusedup,theyaregoneforever.Thesearenonrenewableresources.Peopleoftenwastenaturalresources.Animalsareoverhunted.Forestsarecleared,exposinglandtowindandwaterdamage.Ifresourcesarecarelesslymanaged,manywillbeusedup.Ifusedwisely,however,someresourceswilllastmuchlonger.___17___Thepopulationofhumanbeingshasgrownenormouslyinthepasttwocenturies.Billionsofpeopleuseupresourcesquicklyastheyeatfood,buildhouses,producegoods,andburnfuelfortransportationandelectricity.___18___Theneedtoconserveresourcesoftenconflictswithotherneeds.___19___Atimber(木材)companymaywanttoharvestthearea'streesforconstructionmaterials.Abusinessmaywanttobuildafactoryorshoppingmallontheland.___20___Whenweusetheenvironmentproperlytoensurewehaveresourcesforthefuture,itiscalledsustainabledevelopment.Therearemanydifferentresourcesweneedtoconserveinordertolivesustainably.A.Thesearerenewableresources.B.Thepursuitofdevelopmentoftenrequiresgreaterinvestment.C.Actually,developmentandconservationcancoexistinharmony.DTheproductsandbenefitswegetfromnaturerelyonbiodiversity.E.Forsomepeople,awoodedareamaybeagoodplacetorunafarm.F.Thecontinuationoflifedependsonthecarefuluseofnaturalresources.G.Throughconservation,peoplecanreducewasteandmanagenaturalresourceswisely.【答案】16.A17.G18.F19.E20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了地球上的自然資源包括空氣、水、土壤、礦物、燃料、植物和動物。保護是愛護這些資源的做法，所有生物都能從中受益，因為發(fā)展和保護是可以和諧共存的?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前句“Someoftheseresources,likesmallplants,canbereplacedquicklyaftertheyareused.Others,likelargetrees,takealongtimetoreplace.(其中一些資源，如小型植物，在使用后可以迅速更換。其他的，比如大樹，需要很長時間來替換)”可知，此處是在談?wù)摽稍偕Y源，因此選擇A項“這些是可再生能源?！狈险Z境，故選A。【17題詳解】根據(jù)前句“Ifresourcesarecarelesslymanaged,manywillbeusedup.Ifusedwisely,however,someresourceswilllastmuchlonger.(如果不小心管理資源，很多資源就會被用完。然而，如果使用得當(dāng)，一些資源會持續(xù)更長的時間)”以及后文主要針對資源的使用進行討論，可知這些資源對生存的重要性，因此G項“通過節(jié)約資源，人們可以減少浪費，明智地管理自然資源?！狈险Z境，故選G。【18題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Thepopulationofhumanbeingshasgrownenormouslyinthepasttwocenturies.Billionsofpeopleuseupresourcesquicklyastheyeatfood,buildhouses,producegoods,andburnfuelfortransportationandelectricity.(在過去的兩個世紀(jì)里，人口急劇增長。數(shù)十億人在吃東西、蓋房子、生產(chǎn)商品、為運輸和發(fā)電而燃燒燃料的過程中，迅速地耗盡了資源)”可知，前文說明人口增長，資源迅速被耗盡，因此接下來講述為了生命的延續(xù)，人們理應(yīng)謹(jǐn)慎使用資源，因此選擇F項“生命的延續(xù)取決于對自然資源的謹(jǐn)慎利用?！狈险Z境，故選F?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)前文“The

need

to

conserve

resources

often

conflicts

with

other

needs.(節(jié)約資源的需要常常與其他需要相沖突)”以及后句“Atimber(木材)companymaywanttoharvestthearea'streesforconstructionmaterials.(木材公司可能想要收獲該地區(qū)的樹木作為建筑材料)”可知，此處是在舉例說明保護和發(fā)展間的沖突，因此選擇E項“對一些人來說，樹木繁茂的地區(qū)可能是經(jīng)營農(nóng)場的好地方。”符合語境，故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)后句“Whenweusetheenvironmentproperlytoensurewehaveresourcesforthefuture,itiscalledsustainabledevelopment.Therearemanydifferentresourcesweneedtoconserveinordertolivesustainably.(當(dāng)我們正確地利用環(huán)境，以確保我們有未來的資源，這被稱為可持續(xù)發(fā)展。為了可持續(xù)地生活，我們需要保護許多不同的資源。)”可知，此處總結(jié)全文，引出可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念，因此選擇C項“實際上，發(fā)展和保護是可以和諧共存的。”符合語境，故選C。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項?！癒eeppushingforward,”myfatheralwayssaidwheneverIfaceddifficulties.HiswordsechoedinmymindasIfacedaseriesof___21___aftergraduatingfromcollege.Ihadsetmysightsonacareeringraphic(圖畫)design.ImovedtoNewYorkCityandsentoutmy___22___tolotsofagencies.Dayafterday,Iknockedonthedoorofopportunity,onlytobemetwith___23___eachtime.Therejectionletterspiledup,andmyconfidencebecame___24___.Feelingdefeated,Ireturnedtomyhometown.Myfather,___25___mydepression,said,“Keeppushingforward.Remember,opportunitiesoftengohandinhandwith___26___.”HeofferedtodrivemetonearbycitieswhereIcould___27___myjobsearch.IdecidedtotrymyluckinBoston.Atasmalldesignfirm,theowner,akindwomannamedKaren,informedmetheyhadalready___28___theposition.AsIwasleaving,shenoticedasketchbook(素描簿)inmybag.“Doyouhaveany___29___ofyourwork?”sheasked.Inodded.Butshewasgoingtoattendameeting.So,____30____,shetookalookatmyworksbutwas____31____.Sheofferedmeajob____32____.AsIwalkedout,thesunshiningbrightly,Icouldn'thelpbut____33____whatmyfatherhadsaid.IfIhadgivenup,Iwouldhavemissedthischance.Ioften____34____howdifferentmylifemighthavebeenifIhadnotpersevered.Thatjobledtomore____35____,andeventually,IfoundmyselfworkinginNewYorkCity,justasIhaddreamed.21.A.applications B.rejections C.operations D.presentations22.A.stories B.grades C.works D.proofs23.A.comfort B.training C.strategy D.disappointment24.A.weaker B.fuller C.steadier D.simpler25.A.ignoring B.noticing C.doubting D.recording26.A.experiences B.achievements C.challenges D.qualifications27.A.admit B.continue C.interpret D.declare28.A.filled B.changed C.quit D.spread29.A.descriptions B.resolutions C.samples D.memorials30.A.honestly B.unfortunately C.obviously D.unconcernedly31.A.impressed B.curious C.embarrassed D.skeptical32.A.invain B.atrisk C.onthespot D.byaccident33.A.decide B.approve C.complain D.recall34.A.hearfrom B.reflecton C.askabout D.holdout35.A.excuses B.profits C.consequences D.opportunities【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A25.B26.C27.B28.A29.C30.D31.A32.C33.D34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章通過敘述作者個人在求職過程中遇到的挑戰(zhàn)、父親的鼓勵、轉(zhuǎn)機以及最終的成功，展現(xiàn)了一個關(guān)于堅持與機會并存的故事。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我大學(xué)畢業(yè)后遭遇一系列拒絕時，他的話在我腦海中回響。A.applications申請；B.rejections拒絕；C.operations手術(shù)；D.presentations演示。根據(jù)下文“Therejectionletterspiledup,andmyconfidencebecame___4___.”可知，作者畢業(yè)后找工作遭遇了很多的拒絕信。因此可推測，空處指的是作者大學(xué)畢業(yè)后遭遇一系列拒絕時，父親的話總在作者腦海中回響。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我搬到了紐約市，并向許多機構(gòu)投遞了我的作品。A.stories故事；B.grades成績、年級；C.works作品；D.proofs證據(jù)。根據(jù)上文“Ihadsetmysightsonacareeringraphic(圖畫)design.”可知，作者想要從事圖畫設(shè)計的工作，由此可推測，作者向很多機構(gòu)投遞的事自己的圖畫作品。故選C。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：日復(fù)一日，我敲響了機會的大門，但每次都只能失望而歸。A.comfort安慰；B.training訓(xùn)練；C.strategy策略；D.disappointment失望。根據(jù)下文“Therejectionletterspiledup”可知，作者并沒有得到工作，因此可知，作者此