巫云 編目TOC\o"1-1"\h\z\uPart Topicsof Lecture IntroductiontoMicroeconomics Lecture Lecture Lecture Part Topicsof Lecture Introductionto Lecture Government Lecture UnemploymentandthePhillips Part TopicsofInternational Lecture TopicsonInternational Lecture Lecture ExternalShockstotheGlobal Lecture TheEuropean Lecture ProtectionismandTrade TopicsofEconomic Lecture TheCostsandBenefitsofEconomicGrowthinDeveloping 英文名稱：Business周學(xué)時(shí) 總學(xué)時(shí) 分BusinessEnglishisoneoftheselectedcoursesforundergraduatestudentsinbusinessschool.ItisdesignedespeciallytohelpstudentsofEconomicstoincreasetheircommandofEnglishusingmaterialsrelatingtotheirownsubjectofstudy.ThecoursefocusisplacedonhelpingstudentstodevelopskillsofcomprehensionandanalysisinEnglish.StudentsarealsointroducedtousefulresourcesinEnglishavailableontheInternetandareencouragedtoacquireacriticalapproachtotheirresearchandreadinginthefieldofeconomics.Part TopicsofLecture IntroductiontoMicroeconomicsAim:Aim:Theaimofthislessonistoprovidestudentswithbackgroundinformationonthenatureofeconomics,theeconomicproblemandthekeyconceptsofopportunitycostandproductionpossibilityKeypoint:Economics,opportunitycost,ProductionPossibilityFrontiers,Capitalgoods,Consumergoods,Publicgoods,Meritgoods.Teachinghour:2EconomicsandEconomicWhatisEconomicsAdamNeoclassicalDefinitionofOpportunityProductionPossibilityPositiveandNormativePositiveNormativeTheEconomicUnlimitedWants,ScarceResources,andWhatgoodsandservicesshouldaneconomyHowshouldgoodsandservicesbeWhoshouldgetthegoodsandservicesCapitalConsumerPublicMeritsWhathappenswhenoileventuallyrunsWhycan'twejustpaydoctorsandnursesmoreWhycan'tIjustgetagranttogotoIt'sobviousthatfiningpolluterswouldstopthemfromdoingWhatgoodsandservicesshouldbeHowshouldgoodsandservicesbeWhoshouldgettheresourcesthattheeconomyhasFurtherRogerA.McCain,EssentialPrinciplesofEconomics,Chapter1-2,(AHypermediaText,Lecture Aim:Aim:Theaimofthissectionistohelpstudentsinteractwithdemandandsupplycurvesandbegintoexplorethepurpose,benefitsandlimitationsofeconomicmodeling.Keypoints:demand,supply,Equilibrium,consumersurplus,ProducerSurplus,Elasticity,market,MarketTeachinghour:4DemandandWhatisdemandanddemandWhatissupplyandsupplyDemandandsupplyMarketShiftsvs.MovementontheConsumerSurplusandproducerWhatisthemeaningofconsumerDiagramandWhatisproducerDiagramandJointCompositeDerivedWhatiselasticityFourtypesofPriceelasticityofPriceelasticityofIncomeelasticityofCrossDeterminantsofImportanceofIntroductiontoWhatisDemandandSupplyintheTherangeofOrganisedFinancialGoodsFactorFactorsaffectingtheefficiencyofTheamountofinformationabouttheTheeasewithwhichfactorsofproductioncanbeputtoalternativeTheextenttowhichpriceisanaccurateThedegreetowhichfirmsholdmonopolyThedegreetowhichpropertyrightsareclearlyWhetherthemarketcanprovidegoodsandservices(publicSubsidesandtaxes—CorrectingMarketEffectsofEffectsofaCostbenefitanalysisandtrade-TopicsforWhatreasonsmighttherebeforconsumerstobereluctanttopurchaseanitemathigherWhatisbeingtradedonthemarketyouarelookingWhodoyouthinkthebuyersandthesellerswouldWhymighttheybebuyingandsellingtheseSomeofthesemarketsare'futures'markets-whatdoyouthinkthisWhathashappenedtothepriceinthemarketsthatyouarelookingWhydoyouthinkthepricemighthavechanged?Furtherreading:Alcoholmisuse:Howmuchdoesitcost?-ausefulexampleofhowconsumersurplusisintegratedingovernmentpolicymakingviatheStrategyUnit'sreport OpportunityCost,ExternalitiesandAlcoholUse,Pressuregroupagainstsubsidies-KickallagriculturalsubsidiesUSfarmsubsidydatabase-EnvironmentalWorkingGroupPaperabouttheimpactofsubsidies-TheEarthCouncilRogerA.McCain,EssentialPrinciplesofEconomics,Chapter5,7,8(AHypermediaText,Lecture Aim:Aim:Introductiontobusiness/industrialeconomics,differentconceptsassociatedwiththetheoryofthefirm,inparticular,tolookattheapplicationoftheconceptsassociatedwithcostsandrevenuestoafirm'sdecisionmaking,thelawofdiminishingreturnsandthenextendtheideabylinkingittocostsandrevenues,andhoweconomiesofscaleariseandusestheelectronicsindustryasanexample.Keypoints:TheGrowthofFirms,DiminishingReturns,MotivesofFirms,Pricing,ContestableMarkets,ProductionFunction,Costs,Revenue,Profit,TheoryofFirms,EconomiesofScale,MarketStructure.TeachingHour:4BusinessTheGrowthofInternalExternalMotivesofKeyDivorcebetweenownershipandPrincipal-AgentTheLawofDiminishingMotivesofProfitOtherObjectivesofBehaviouralPricingstrategyandContestablePricingWhatisPricePricePricePriceRedistributionContestablePerfectlycontestablemarketandit’sExamplesofmarketsexhibitingcontestability‘HitandRun’Cream-Thecostsandrevenues——theTheoryofTotalCost(FC+Fixed(indirectoroverhead)AverageCostsMarginalCosts(TCn-TCn-OpportunityProductionOutputCapital(K)Land(L)Labor(La)Q=f(K,L,LawofDiminishingMarginalAverageProductMarginalNormalAbnormalorSupernormalSub-normalShortLongTotalRevenue(PxAverageRevenueMarginalRevenue(TRn-TRn-Thediminishingofreturns——theTheoryofDifferencebetweenRevenueandDiminishingMarginalObjectivesofTheeconomicofWhatiseconomicofInternaleconomiesofExternaleconomiesofOtherkindsofeconomiesofMarketHowtoidentifyamarketismadeMarketstructureCharacteristicsofeachPerfectMonopolisticorImperfectTypeofmarketstructureinfluenceshowafirmTopicsforBusinessGrowth-Motives,ObjectivesandConflicts:BasedonPhilipGreenandMarksandSpencerHowwouldyoudescribethemarketstructureofthelow-costairlinesAhaulagecompanyiscontemplatingthepurchaseofanewfleetofunits.Theyhaveachoicebetweentwomanufacturers.Thefirstmanufactureroffersa35ton4axlelorrywithacarryingcapacityof33.6m3,whereasthesecondmanufacturerissellinga44ton6axleunitwithacarryingcapacityof76m3.The35-tonunitispricedat￡85,000whereasthe44-tonunitis￡120,000.Thefirmislookingatbuying6unitsintotalandtheywillallhavetobethesametype.Whatwouldbethemostefficientlorrytobuyandwhy?Howfardoesthetheoryofoligopolymatchwiththereality?AcasestudyFurtherRogerA.McCain,EssentialPrinciplesofEconomics,Chapter13,17,18,(AHypermediaText,Oligopolywatch-usefulindependentsitewithdiscussionsandcasestudiesaboutthenatureofoligopoly,CompetitionCommissionguidelines-seepage40foradiscussiononthenatureofoligopolies[PDF,602KB].TheCompetitionCommissionWebsitewillleadyoutoissuesrelatingtoawidevarietyofindustries,forexample,themobilephoneindustry.Lecture Aim:Aim:Thislessonaimstogivestudentstounderstandtheaspectsoflabormarketflexibility,helpthestudentstobuildtheirunderstandingoftheimportanceandlimitationsofflexiblelabormarketsinmacroeconomicpolicy,encouragestudentstolookatsomekeyissuessurroundingthefactorsdeterminingpayandconditionsandtobuildanunderstandingoftheimperfectionsinthelabormarketthatleadtodiscrimination,andgetstudentstoquestionandevaluatetherelevanceofthetraditionalmodelofthelabormarketwhenapplyingittopublicsectorworkers.Keypoints:labormarketflexibility,demandforlabor,supplyoflabor,laborTeachinghour:3LaborMarketFlexibilityEmploymentDisabilityandEUEqualPart-timeBenefitsinGeographicalHouseHousingRe-locationCulturalOccupationalRe-TransferableEducationandModernGovernmentvin-housePovertyBenefitSupportorReformtoreduceTradeExtentofInformation'Hot-HiddenNationalInsuranceEmploymentMinimumWageTheLaborMarket:FlexibilityDemandforLaborCostofDiminishingPensionNationalInsuranceMarginalPhysicalMarginalRevenueDemandforthefinalNumberandclosenessofTimeMarketGeographicalOccupationalTradeUnionImperfect'Sticky'wageEmploymentBenefitsHousingMinimumWageSupplyofLaborPopulationPopulationTrainingandTimeIncomeandsubstitutionOpportunityMigrationInfluencesontheLaborEmploymentNationalInsuranceContributionsEmploymentMarketInformation(JobBenefitEducationMinimumWageTradeUnionTradeDegreeofUnionRoleofExternalNatureofBusinessSocialMarketPayReviewPayPowerofTheLaborMarket:SupplyandDemandforByDerivedDependentondemandforProductivityofLaborMarginalRevenueProductFactorEarnings(1)TransferEarnings(2)EconomicSupplyofFromGeographicalOccupationalOpportunityNumberofTopicsforWhatisthedifferencebetweenflexibleworkingandflexiblelaborIdentifythemaincausesofdifferencesinpaybetweenmalesandCriticallyexaminethefactorswhichmightexplaintheexistenceofasocalled'glassWhatfactorscouldaffectthelevelofthedemandandsupplyforThemarketforteachersisnotafreemarket.Usethelinksprovidedtofindouthowteachers'payisdeterminedandwhatthemainstructureoftheteachers'salaryscalesis.FurtherReadthepaperwrittenbyRobertM.Solowentitled'Whatislabour-marketflexibility?WhatisitgoodEMUandlabourmarketflexibility-fromHMTreasury-theexecutivesummarygivesausefuloverviewofthemainthrustofthereportApanelofregionalindicatorsoflabourmarketflexibility-fromRoyalHolloway,UniversityofLondon-somedetailedstatisticsinpartsbuttheoverallconclusionsareclearenoughLabormarketflexibilityversusjobsecurity-fromtheNewEconomyInformationServiceSmashingthroughtheglassceiling-fromiVillagePart TopicsofLecture IntroductiontoAim:Aim:Theaimofthislessonistoencouragestudentstotakeanoverviewofthemainpolicyinstrumentsusedinmacroeconomicsandtousethetoolsofmacroeconomicanalysistodevelophigherorderskills,andtoinvestigatepolicysolutionstomacroeconomicproblems.Keypoints:Microeconomics,MacroeconomicGoals,Monetarypolicy,Supplysidepolicy,FiscalTeachinghour:2WhatisWhatisMacroeconomicMonetaryCentralBankandmonetaryShort-terminterestSupplySideEducationandLaborMarketFiscalGovernmentSaleofGovernmentBorrowingGovernmentSocialLawandEmergencyHealth,ForeignRegions,Culture,MediaandTopicsforWhatareyourpriorities-wouldreducingpovertyandhomelessnessbehighonthelistandwhatwouldbethecostofgoingsomewaytosolvingsuchproblems?Whatislikelytohappentothegovernment'skeyeconomictargetsandConsiderwhatnon-economicobjectivesyouaregoingtoprioritizeandFurtherRogerA.McCain,EssentialPrinciplesofEconomics,Chapter28,29,35,36,(AHypermediaText,Lecture GovernmentAim:Aim:Thislessonseekstoencouragestudentstoconsideraseriesofargumentsforaparticularsetofpolicyproposalsthathavewiderangingimplicationsnotonlytothenon-economicobjectivesofagovernmentbutalsotothewiderefficiencyandequityoftheeconomyasawhole.Keypoints:Economicandnon-economicobjectives,ConflictsinGovernmentPolicyObjectives,MeasuresofEconomicPerformance,GovernmentInterventioninMarkets,Governmentfailure.Teachinghour:3ConflictsinGovernmentPolicyEconomicandnon-economicConflictsinGovernmentPolicyInflationvAidvTradevEmploymentvInterestRatesvInterestRatesvExchangePublicServicesvTaxWelfareBenefitsvRegulationvMarketGrowthvInternationalAidvDomesticMeasuresofEconomicEconomicGrowthPotentialActualNominalRealOutputExpenditureIncomeProductionProductivityCIPBenefitsInternationalLaborOrganization(ILO)BalanceofTradeinTradeinCurrentBalanceofPaymentsonCurrentCapitalFinancialExchangeFixedExchangeManagedExchangeNonEconomicSocialQualityofGovernmentInterventioninGovernmentNationalMinimumGovernmentGovernmentStepsMeritPublicPropertyPublicHowDoGovernmentStepDirectGrantingPropertySourcesofGovernmentMarketDisincentiveShortElectoralImpactontheRegulatoryImperfectPublicChoiceSelf'RentPositiveandNegativeTopicsforGovernmentshaveawiderangeofresponsibilitiesandpolicyobjectivesbuthowdotheydecideonhowtoprioritizethesepolicyobjectivesandovercometheconflictsthatinevitablyarise?Educationlaysthefoundationsfortheimprovementinthequalityofhumancapitalinacountryandalsohelpstoimprovethelongtermwelfareprospectsofindividuals.Shouldittakepriorityoverotherspendingplans?Roadcongestionisincreasinginmosttownsandcitiesandonmotorways.Anincreaseinthenumberofvehiclesonroads,theincreaseinthenumberofpeoplelearningtodriveandtheageingpopulationallleadtoanincreaseincongestion.Shoulditbereducedandifso,hasthegovernmentaroletoplay?Riverpollutionisfoundtoberisingatlevelsaboveacceptablelimits,especiallyinareasneartourbanWhydopeoplepolluteriversandwhatcouldbedonetosolvetheproblem?Inwhoseinterestisittoseesuchproblemsresolvedandwhatpowerdotheyhavetoinfluencethedecisionmakingprocess?ThenumberofpeopleunlikelytohavepensionprovisioninthefutureisFurtherEducation,earningsandproductivity:recentUKevidence-reportfromOfficeforNationalStatistics[PDF,119KB]Furtherreportonthelinkbetweenearningsandeducation-fromLeedsUniversity,UniversitiesUK-representshighereducationinstitutionsintheUKHighereducationintheUnitedKingdom-fromtheHigherEducationFundingCouncilforEngland(HEFCE)-includesusefullinksandkeyfacts[PDF,243KB]Lecture UnemploymentandthePhillipsAim:Aim:ThelessontakesalookatthePhillipsCurveandattemptstointroducestudentsintosomeelementarydataanalysistoarriveatsomeconclusionsaboutthePhillipsCurveandtheextenttowhichinflationandunemploymentcanbesubjecttoatrade-off.Keypoints:TypesofUnemployment,Unemployment,PhillipsCurve,Teachinghour:2TypesofDemandLongShortNaturalPhillipsRateofgrowthofShiftsinPhillipsMoneyTopicsforExplainwhatmighthappentoinflationifwagecostsnotassociatedwithincreasesinproductivityleadtoinflation.WhatdifferencewoulditmaketoyouranalysisifthewageincreaseswereassociatedwithincreasesinWearenowgoingtolookatsomedatatoseetheextenttowhichthereisatradeoffbetweenunemploymentandinflation.FurtherPhillipsCurveTheory-BankofBiz/edCanthePhillipsCurveHelpForecastInflation?-fromtheFederalReserveBankofSanFranciscoThePhillipsCurveandLong-TermUnemployment-workingpaperfromtheEuropeanCentralBank-quiteachallengeinparts![PDF,895KB]NewEvidenceontheOldPhillipsCurve-fromtheCatoInstitute[PDF,152KB]Part TopicsofInternationalLecture TopicsonInternationalAim:Aim:ThislessonwillleadstudentsdealwithInternationalTrade,theBalanceofPaymentsandExchangeRatesandarerelevanttotherelationshipbetweenthesethreeareas.Theaimoftheselessons,therefore,throughaseriesofquestionsrequiringrelativelyshortanswersthatwillhelpbuildunderstandingofthekeyrelationships.ThestudentwillneedtohavebeengivensomebackgroundonthebasicsofthethreeKeypoints:ExchangeRates,ComparativeAdvantageandAbsoluteAdvantage,BalanceofTeachinghour:3ReasonsforAccesstodifferentPotentialforeconomiesofIncreasesGenerateseconomicAddsglobalSocialandculturalFactorExchangeImports-SExports-DDifferencesininterestFixedExchangeFloatingExchangeManagedAppreciation(RiseinDepreciation(FallinComparativeAdvantageandAbsoluteDifferentOpportunityCostBalanceofTradeinTradeinCurrentTransfersofassetsandTopicsforSince2003,thevalueoftheUKcurrency(￡sterling)hasrisenquitesharplyagainsttheUnitedStatesdollar(US$).Forthoseinvolvedwithinternationaltrade,thiscanhaveasignificantimpactontheiractivitiesandindeedtheirprofitability.If,forexample,aUKcompanyconductsalargeamountofitsbusinessintheUS,itsprofitlevelswillbehitfairlybadlyafteritconvertsitsdollarrevenuesbackintopounds.ExplaintheFallingDollarorRisingPound?FurtherRogerA.McCain,EssentialPrinciplesofEconomics,Chapter6,(AHypermediaText,Lecture Aim:Aim:ThislessondealswiththeGlobalizationandisrelevanttoraisespanthescopeofinternationaleconomics,especiallytheissuesoftrade.Therefore,itisaslightdiversionbuthighlightanumberofimportantfeaturesofthewayinwhichtheinternationaleconomyisdeveloping.Keypoints:definitionofglobalization,CharacteristicsofTeachinghour:3whatisCausesofCharacteristicsofIntegrationofTradeversusBenefitsofDisadvantagesofCorporateMulti-nationalortrans-nationalcorporations(MNCsorCorporateKeyOtherTopicsforIsglobalizationgoodorConductsomeresearchintoeitherthecostsorthebenefitsofFurtherSeriesofarticlesbyJohnPilgeronglobalisationGlobalisationGuide-developedespeciallyforstudentsbyanAustralianorganization,ArticlesfromTheEconomistLecture ExternalShockstotheGlobalAim:Aim:ThislessondealswithExternalShockstotheGlobalEconomy,andistodevelopevaluationskillsinstudentsbasedaroundthetopicalissueofrisingoilprices.Studentswillbeaskedtoarguewiththemselvesontheissueoftheextenttowhichtheoilpricerisesofthelastyearwillaffectthestabilityoftheworldeconomy.Keypoints:EnergyCosts,SharePrices,andEconomicTeachinghour:2EnergyOilGasNon-RenewableEconomicInternationalShareGlobalEconomicRegionalEconomicEconomicInterestAidDomesticTradeTradeCollapseofMajorPoliticalNaturalPaymentMiddleNaturalTopicsforWhatarethemainfactorswillhaveasignificantimpactontheglobalToday,oilisasimportantinmanywaysasitwasbackinthe'70s.DemandforoilgloballyisrisingataneverfasterrateasnewlydevelopedcountrieslikeChinaandIndiauselargequantitiesofoilintheirburgeoningmanufacturingindustries.Suppliesandcapacity(theabilitytorefineoilintotheconstituentpartsneededforitsdifferentuses)arenotgrowingatthesamerate.ThrowinworlduncertaintyoverterrorismandthepoliticalproblemsintheoilrichMiddleEastandthepictureforthemarketforoillookstobeheadingfornothingmorethanfurtherpriceincreases.Thequestionis,willtheshockofadoublingofoilpricesinthelastyearhavethesameimpactasthatwhichoccurredduringthe1970s?FurtherTheMacroeconomicEffectsofHigherOilPrices–TheImpactofHigherOilPricesontheGlobalEconomy-fromtheInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)Lecture TheEuropeanAim:Aim:ThepurposeofthelessonistoencouragestudentstocarryoutresearchintosomekeyaspectsoftheEUandtoseparateoutfactfromopinion,reinforcingtheideaofpositiveandnormativeissuesinKeypoints:TheinstitutionofEU,TheRoleoftheTeachinghour:2EUEUEUEuropeanCentralEuropeanInvestmentCourtofMemberStatespre-Enlargement-NewOtherTheenlargementofDecisionEconomicTheRoleoftheFacilitatingEconomicBenevolentTheMarketMarketImpactofPopulationPensionsandHealthMinimumIncomeRoleofSocialGenderFlexibilityoflaborGovernmentLaborAEuropean-widelaborTopicsforWhatisthemosteffectivewaytoallocatescarceHowwouldyourmethodofallocatingscarceresourceshelpcontributetowardsreducingpovertyandFurtherRogerA.McCain,EssentialPrinciplesofEconomics,Chapter30,38(AHypermediaText,Lecture ProtectionismandTradeAim:Aim:Thepurposeofthislessonisleadthestudentstounderstandthetheorybehindprotectionismandcomparativeadvantageininternationaltrade.Themainpartofthislessonisattemptingtolookatsomeoftheevidenceabouttheeffectoftradeliberalizationondevelopingcountriesandwhethertheclaimsforopeningupofmarketsisaseffectiveasthetheorymightsuggest.Keypoints:theeffectoftariffsandquotasonthelevelofimports,theprincipleofcomparativeadvantageandthebenefitstocountriesoffreetrade,theeffectontradeofreducingtariffbarriersTeachinghour:2ExactingStandardsorProtectdomesticProtectdomesticStrategicPoliticalProtectPreventBringsthebenefitsofAllowsdevelopingcountriesaccesstoEncouragesinternationalcompetitionandEncouragesfreermovementofBringsthebenefitsofmarketTopicsforTradeLiberalization:AMeansofPromotingGrowthinDevelopingTradeoccursinmanydifferentways,isitalwaysasfreeandopenasitmightappearoraretherenumeroushiddenfactorsthatcandamagetheexpectedeconomicbenefits?FurtherInternationalTrade,ProtectionismandtheEffectsofInterventioninMarketsTradeliberalisationandindustrialproductivity:anassessmentofdevelopingcountryexperiences-fromtheEldisGatewaytoDevelopmentInformationTheDohaDevelopmentAgenda:ImpactsonTradeandPoverty-fromtheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute[PDF,104KB]TheImpactonUgandaofAgriculturalTradeLiberalisation-UniversityofNottinghamCREDITResearchPaper[PDF,147KB]TradeLiberalisationandPoverty:AHandbook-InstituteofDevelopmentStudies[PDF,2MB]DevelopingCountries&WTO-fromtheDTI TopicsofEconomicLecture13 TheCostsandBenefitsofEconomicGrowthinDevelopingCountriesAim:Aim:Thepurposeofthislessonistosetupbutrequiresagreatdealofcareinguidingstudentstodeveloptheirthinkingaboutthedegreetowhicheconomicgrowthwillendupbenefitingadevelopingcountry.Keypoints:thecostsandbenefitsofeconomicgrowthindevelopingcountries,thedifferentfactorsthatinfluencetheeffectofeconomicgrowthonacountry,thedegreetowhicheconomicgrowthcansolvetheproblemsofdevelopingcountries,andthemodelsofdevelopment.Teachinghour:2IncreaseingoodsavailableforFacilitatesincomeredistribution(trickleIncreaseinthegeneralstandardofImprovementinImprovementsineducation/healthsocialPotentialforbenefitstoenvironmentfromincreasedEnvironmentalNegativeEnvironmentalNon-renewableOpportunitycostofResourceIncomeSocialImpact-culture,stress,crime,UnsustainablePossibleMacroeconomicModelsofRostow-StagesofMarketInternationalStructuralTopicsforWhatarethecostsandbenefitsofeconomicgrowthtoadevelopingDodevelopingcountrieshavethebureaucraticinfrastructuretoensuretaxesarecollectedandusedWhatinstitutionalandc