安全工程專業(yè)英語學(xué)習(xí)通超星期末考試章節(jié)答案2024年P(guān)leasetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,youcanfindtheanswerinthevideo.他蓋了一座龐大的水冷工廠,在這里把河水冷卻到4度,再灌入火熱混凝土內(nèi)部的水管,把冷卻的時間從125年縮短到僅僅22個月。

答案:Hebuildsahugewaterchillingfactory,herehecoolsriverwaterdowntofourdegreesandthenshootsthroughthepipesintothehotconcrete,thisshortenthecoolingtimefrom125yearstoonly22months.PleasetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,youcanfindtheanswerinthevideo.光是一臺機器的發(fā)電量相當(dāng)于一座小型核能發(fā)電廠,32臺發(fā)電機的總發(fā)電量足以供6千萬中國人使用。

答案:Justoneofthesemachinesmakesasmuchelectricityasasmallnuclearpowerplant.All32generatorstogetherproduceenoughpowerfor60millionChinesepeople.Accordingtothevideo,ThreeGorgesDamisthepinnacleofdamengineering,sixingeniousleapsforwardarementioned,theyareleap1:____、leap2:____、leap3:____、leap4:____、leap5:____、leap6:____.(按照出現(xiàn)的先后順序作答)

答案:powergeneration發(fā)電;riverdiversion河川改道;concrete混凝土工程;flood蓄洪;shipping航運;sediment沉淀PleasetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Withineighteenmonthsafterthefleetof71AtlasFmissilesbecameoperational,fourblewupintheirsilosduringoperationaltesting.Themissilesalsohadanextremelylowlaunchsuccessrate.Theairforcehadtypicallyblamedmostaccidentsonpiloterror,butthesenewliquid-propellantmissileshadnopilotstoblameandyetblewupfrequentlyandwithdevastatingresults.Whentheseearlylosseswereinvestigated,alargepercentageofthemweretracedtodeficienciesindesign,operations,andmanagement.Theimportanceoftreatingsafetyasasystemproblembecameclearand,asaresult,systemsengineeringandsystemsafety(asub-disciplineofsystemsengineering)weredeveloped.

答案:在71枚AtlasF導(dǎo)彈投入使用后的18個月內(nèi),有四枚導(dǎo)彈在發(fā)射筒中進行運行試驗時發(fā)生了爆炸。而且,這些導(dǎo)彈的發(fā)射成功率也是非常低的。空軍常常把大多數(shù)事故原因歸咎于飛行員的失誤,但(后來發(fā)展的)這些新型的液體推進導(dǎo)彈沒有飛行員可以指責(zé),卻也頻繁發(fā)生毀滅性的爆炸。當(dāng)(空軍)對這些早期的事故損失進行調(diào)查時,發(fā)現(xiàn)很大比例的事故發(fā)生的原因可以追溯到設(shè)計、操作和管理方面的缺陷。把安全看作是系統(tǒng)問題(或:把安全問題作為系統(tǒng)問題來對待)的重要性日趨明朗,結(jié)果,系統(tǒng)工程與系統(tǒng)安全(系統(tǒng)工程的一個分支學(xué)科)逐漸發(fā)展起來。PleasetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.WhentheAtlasandTitanintercontinentalballisticmissiles(ICBMs)werebeingdevelopedinthe1950s,systemsafetywasnotyetidentifiedandassignedasaspecificresponsibility.Instead,eachdesigner,manager,andengineerwasresponsibleforthereliabilityofhisparticularcomponentorsubsystem.Asaresult,manyinterfaceproblemswentunnoticeduntilitwastoolate.

答案:20世紀50年代開發(fā)Atla和Titan洲際彈道導(dǎo)彈時,系統(tǒng)安全還沒有確立并賦予特定用途。取而代之,每位設(shè)計人員、管理者、工程師只是負責(zé)其特定組件或子系統(tǒng)的可靠性。其結(jié)果是,許多界面問題直到很晚才被注意到。UnitTwoPrinciplesofSystemSafetyEngineeringPleasetranslatethefollowparagraphs.Systemsafetyemphasizesanalysisinadditiontopastexperienceandcodesofpractice.Standardsandcodesofpracticeincorporateexperienceandknowledgeabouthowtoreducehazards,usuallyaccumulatedoverlongperiodsoftimefrompreviousmistakes.Whiletheuseofsuchstandardsandlearningfromexperienceisessentialinallaspectsofengineering,includingsafety,thepaceofchangetodaydoesnotalwaysallowforsuchexperiencetoaccumulate.Systemsafetyanalysisattemptstoanticipateandpreventaccidentsandnearmissesbeforetheyoccur,inadditiontolearningfromthepast.

答案:除了過去的經(jīng)驗和操作慣例外,系統(tǒng)安全還強調(diào)分析。標準和操作慣例包括經(jīng)驗和關(guān)于如何降低風(fēng)險的知識,通常這些經(jīng)驗和知識都是從以往的錯誤中長期積累形成的。雖然使用這樣的標準和經(jīng)驗在工程問題(包括安全問題)的各個方面都是必不可少的。然而,在今天,(工程問題)更新?lián)Q代的步伐往往使(我們)沒有時間去積累這樣的經(jīng)驗。系統(tǒng)安全分析除了從過去的失誤中積累經(jīng)驗外,還試圖在事故發(fā)生之前預(yù)測和阻止事故的發(fā)生。WriteagraduationcertificateforyourselfinEnglish.Youshoulddescribeyourpersonalinformationinyourcertificate.____

答案:Nolessthan50wordsPleasetranslatethefollowparagraphs.ThedawnoftheInformationAgehasresultedinthenewergonomicsfieldofhuman-computerinteraction(HCI).Likewise,thegrowingdemandforandcompetitionamongconsumergoodsandelectronicshasresultedinmorecompaniesincludinghumanfactorsinproductdesign.

答案:信息時代的到來產(chǎn)生了人一機交互的人機工程學(xué)新領(lǐng)域。同樣,消費品和電子產(chǎn)品日益增長的需求和競爭也使越來越多的公司在設(shè)計產(chǎn)品時考慮人的因素。Pleasetranslatethefollowparagraphs.WorldWarIImarkedthedevelopmentofnewandcomplexmachinesandweaponry,andthesemadenewdemandsonoperators'cognition.Thedecision-making,attention,situationalawarenessandhand-eyecoordinationofthemachine'soperatorbecamekeyinthesuccessorfailureofatask.Itwasobservedthatfullyfunctionalaircraft,flownbythebest-trainedpilots,stillcrashed.In1943,AlphonseChapanis,alieutenantintheU.S.Army,showedthatthisso-called"piloterror"couldbegreatlyreducedwhenmorelogicalanddifferentiablecontrolsreplacedconfusingdesignsinairplanecockpits.

答案:第二次世界大戰(zhàn)標志著新型的、復(fù)雜的機器和武器的開發(fā),隨之增加了對操作者的認識要求。機器操作者的決策、注意力、情景意識和手眼協(xié)調(diào)能力成為工作成敗的關(guān)鍵。有人指出,功能齊全的飛機,由接受最好訓(xùn)練的飛行員駕駛,仍然墜毀。在1943年,美國軍隊的一名中尉AlphonseChapanis指出,當(dāng)合乎邏輯的和分辨清晰的操控替代使人迷惑的設(shè)計時,所謂的“飛行員失誤”可以大大降低。Completethefollowingsentences.Asalastresort,____________(PPE)canbeused.Itisespeciallyhelpfulwhenprotectionofabodypart,suchasthehandsthroughtheuseofgloves,isneeded.(全部小寫字母,每空一個單詞)

答案:personal;protective;equipmentCompletethefollowingsentences.Iftheabovemeasuresarenotfeasible,administrativemeasuresareconsidered.Theseinclude________(輪崗)orrequiringemployeestoperformseveraldifferentjobsduringashifttoreducerepetitioninatask.(全部小寫字母,每空一個單詞)

答案:job;rotationCompletethefollowingsentences.Thepreferredinterventionistheadoptionof________(工程控制),suchasthedesignandutilizationofergonomicallycorrectworkstationandworkplacelayouts.(全部小寫字母,每空一個單詞)

答案:engineering;controlsCompletethefollowingsentences.Principlesandpracticesareappliedtotheindustrialenvironmentalthroughactivitiesassociatedwithhumanfactors,suchasengineering,industrialengineering,occupationallayoutanddesign,productdesign,safetyengineering,________(職業(yè)醫(yī)學(xué)),or________(工業(yè)衛(wèi)生).(全部小寫字母,每空一個單詞)

答案:occupational;medicine;industrial;hygieneCompletethefollowingsentences.Ergonomicsinvolvesknowledgeofsociology,____(心理學(xué)),anthropology,____(解剖學(xué)),____(生理學(xué)),chemistry,physics,mechanics,statistics,industrialengineering,____(生物力學(xué)),and____(人體測量學(xué)).(全部小寫字母,每空一個單詞)

答案:psychology;anatomy;physiology;biomechanics;anthropometryTranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese,usingthetechniqueofconversion.Payattentiontotheitalicizedword.Onlywhenwestudytheirpropertiescanwemakebetteruseofthematerials.

答案:只有研究這些材料的特性才能更好地利用它們。TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese,usingthetechniqueofconversion.Payattentiontotheitalicizedword.Earthquakesarecloselyrelatedtofaulting.

答案:地震與地層斷裂有密切的關(guān)系。TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese,usingthetechniqueofconversion.Payattentiontotheitalicizedword.Independentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy.

答案:學(xué)習(xí)中的獨立思考是絕對必需的。TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese,usingthetechniqueofconversion.Payattentiontotheitalicizedword.Inthefissionprocessthefissionfragmentsareveryradioactive.

答案:在裂變過程中,裂變碎片具有強烈的放射性。TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese,usingthetechniqueofconversion.Payattentiontotheitalicizedword.Thedesignaimsatautomaticoperation,easyregulation,simplemaintenanceandhighproductivity.

答案:設(shè)計的目的在于自動操作,調(diào)節(jié)方便,維護簡單,生產(chǎn)率高。Completethegapswithwordsfromthebox.(agreed;employee;clearly;influence;violation;comply;temporarily;observed)Anexampleofthe____oforganizationalparadigms,values,andsafetyculturesonmanagementdecisionmakingwas____whenatextilemanufacturerwasconstructinganewfacility.Upper-levelmanagement,includingthesafetyandoperationsmanagers,____thateverycontractorwouldhaveto____withallcompanyhealthandsafetyrulesduringtheproject.Inallofthewrittencontracts,thiswas____noted.Ifthetextilemanufacturerobservedaviolation,the____ofthesubcontractorwouldbe____removedfromthejobsite.Arepeat____meantterminationofthesubcontractor’scontract.

答案:influence;observed;agreed;comply;clearly;employee;temporarily;violationCompletethegapswithwordsfromthebox.(paradigm;values;perspective;clearly;frame;discusses;happening;frequently;principles;nurturing)Thetermsafetycultureis____used,butwhatdoesitreallymean?Whenconsideredfromasafetymanagement____,safetycultureshouldbeviewedasa____andcultivatingenvironmentthat____lowriskinactionsoftheorganization.Inhisbest-seller,The7HabitsofHighlyEffectivePeople,StephenCovey____therelationshipamongparadigm,values,____,andsuccess.AsCoveypointsout,aparadigmisamodelor____ofreference.Itisusedtounderstandwhatis____atanygivenpointintime,aswellaswherewewanttogo.Organizationsneedacultureor____tohelptheminterpretevents.Theyalsoneedaculturewith____specifiedgoalsofwhattheorganizationwishestoachieve.

答案:frequently;perspective;nurturing;values;discusses;principles;frame;happening;paradigm;(10)clearlyCompletethegapswithwordsfromthebox.(effective;eliminate;potential;protect;workers;really;control;important;promptly)Ariskassessmentisan____stepinprotectingyour____andyourbusiness,aswellascomplyingwiththelaw.Ithelpsyoufocusontherisksthat____m