PAGE組合練(十)閱讀理解＋閱讀七選五＋短文改錯Ⅰ.閱讀理解APerfectionism(完備主義)isalwaysencouragedinoursociety.Inonestudy，researchersfoundthatoverthetimeperiodstudied,collegestudentsreportedincreasinglevelsofperfectionism:theyheldthemselvestohigherstandards,felttherewerehigherexpectationsplacedonthem,andheldotherstohigherstandards.Importantly,thebiggestincreasewasinthesocialexpectationsthatyoungadultspickeduponfromthesurroundingenvironment.Theresearchersbelievethatthiscouldbebecausesocietyisincreasinglycompetitive:collegestudentsmightpickuponthesepressuresfromtheirparentsandfromsociety,whichwouldincreaseperfectionisttendencies.Sinceperfectionismisassociatedwithnegativeoutcomes,whatcansomeonewithperfectionisttendenciesdotochangetheirbehavior?Onepossiblealternativetoperfectionisminvolvesdevelopingwhatpsychologistscallagrowthmindset.ResearchersatStanfordUniversityhavefoundthatdevelopingagrowthmindsetisanimportantwaytohelpuslearnfromourfailures.Unlikethosewithfixedmindsets,thosewithgrowthmindsetsbelievetheycanimprovetheirabilitiesbylearningfromtheirmistakes.Psychologistspointoutthatparentscanplayanimportantroleinhelpingtheirchildrendevelophealthierattitudestowardsfailure:theycanpraisetheirchildrenformakinganeffortandhelpchildrenlearntopersevere(堅持不懈)whentheymakemistakes.Anotherpotentialalternativetoperfectionismistodevelopself-compassion(自憐)．Tounderstandself-compassion,thinkabouthowyouwouldrespondtoaclosefriendiftheymadeamistake.Chancesareyou'dprobablyrespondwithkindnessandunderstanding,knowingthatyourfriendmeantwell.Theideabehindself-compassionisthatweshouldtreatourselveskindlywhenwemakemistakes,remindourselvesthatmistakesarepartofbeinghuman,andavoidbeingconsumedbynegativeemotions.Althoughpeoplearesometimeshesitanttogiveuptheirperfectionisttendencies,psychologistspointoutthatgivinguponperfectiondoesn'tmeanbeinglesssuccessful.Infact,becausemistakesareanimportantpartoflearningandgrowing,huggingimperfectioncanactuallyhelpusinthelongrun.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。文章主要建議我們放棄完備主義。1．Whatmainlyleadstocollegestudents'increasinglevelsofperfectionism?A．Thefamilybackground.B．Socialenvironment.C．Personalchoices.D．Nationalpolicies.解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段可知，探討人員認為，導(dǎo)致年輕人對完備主義的追求加劇的主要緣由是社會激烈競爭的環(huán)境。答案：B2．Whatshouldwedotohaveagrowthmindset?A．Learnfromourparents.B．Trytoavoidmakingmistakes.C．Changethewaywelookatfailure.D．Changeourattitudetowardssuccess.解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段可知，所謂成長的心態(tài)，主要是我們要將錯誤和失敗看作學習的機會。答案：C3．Whatisthekeytodevelopingself-compassion?A．Stickingtoyourprinciples.B．Ignorewhatothersthinkofyou.C．Challengingandimprovingyourself.D．Understandingandacceptingyourself.解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段可知，自我憐憫的關(guān)鍵在于相識到任何人(包括自己)都會犯錯，接受不完備的世界(包括別人和自己)，然后善待別人，也善待自己。答案：D4．What'sthetextmainlyabout?A．Howtodealwithperfectionism.B．Whyperfectionismisontherise.C．Theproblemswithperfectionism.D．Thepossibleeffectsofperfectionism.解析：主旨大意題。本文第一段指出高校生當中追求完備主義的狀況在加劇，其次段分析其緣由，接下來告知我們?nèi)绾畏艞壨陚渲髁x。由此可知答案。答案：ABWeliveinanageofinformation.Alltheinformationshouldallowustomakeinformed,data-drivendecisionsallthetime.Butthisdoesnotmeanthatyouactuallyusealltheinformationevenifyouhaveit.Infact,peoplereadilymakesnapjudgmentsinavarietyofsituations.Peopleformlastingimpressionsofotherswithinasecondandconsumersmakeshoppingdecisionsbasedonlittleconsideration.Inarecentstudy,weaskedparticipantstoimaginehavingpleasantorunpleasanttalkswithanotherperson.Forcomparison，weaskedanothergroupofparticipantstoconsiderhowmanyofthosetalkstheywouldneedtodeterminesomeone'scharacter.Wefoundthatpeoplebelievedtheywouldneedmanytalkstomakethisjudgment,whileinfactthefirstgroupneededfew.Inanotherstudy,weaskedsomestudentstowriteapplicationsforsomepositions,andthenaskedactualHRpeopletoreadtheirmaterial.Thestudentswrotemuchmorematerialthantherecruiterscaredtoread.Thereareseveralreasonswhypeoplemighthavethewrongimpressionaboutmakingjudgments.Onepossibilityisthebeliefthatthehumanmindprocessesinformationincrementally(遞增地),consideringthatnewinformationisaddedtooldinformationuntilsomementallevelisreachedformakingadecision.Inreality,however,thefirstfewpiecesofinformationweigh(有影響)muchmoreheavilythanthelaterinformation.Sometimesquickdecisionsareaccurateandcansavetime.However,theymaysometimesleadtomisunderstandings.Imagineasituationinwhichamanagerwithlimitedinformationformsanopinionofanemployeeheisunsureabout.Amanagerwhoseesanemployeemakeasmallmisstep(錯誤)inanunimportantprojectmayavoidofferinghimchallengingprojectsinthefuture，whichinturnwouldaffectthisemployee'scareerdevelopment.Moderntechnologyallowsanydecisionmadetodaytobemoreinformedthanthesamedecisionmadeafewdecadesago.Butthehumanrelianceonquickjudgmentsmayavoidthispromise.Intheexplorationformoreinformeddecision-making，researcherswillneedtoexplorewaystoencouragepeopletoslowdownthejudgment.[語篇解讀]我們生活在信息時代，我們駕馭的信息使我們作出有依據(jù)的、數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)向的確定，但有時我們并不依據(jù)這些信息作確定，這樣作出的確定有時可能會導(dǎo)致不好的結(jié)果。5．What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“snap”inParagraph1?A．Slow. B．Negative.C．Quick. D．Satisfying.解析：詞義揣測題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句中的withinasecond和basedonlittleconsideration可知，snapjudgments指的是倉促的推斷，由此可知，畫線詞的含義與quick的含義相近。故選C。答案：C6．ThestudiesinParagraph2suggestthatwhenpeoplemakejudgments,they________.A．a(chǎn)reeasilyinfluencedbytheircurrentmoodsB．prefertocommunicatewithpeopletheytrustC．tendtolearnfromtheirpreviousexperiencesD．a(chǎn)ctuallyuselessinformationthanexpected解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段第三句可知，最近的這項探討發(fā)覺，人們認為他們須要許多次談話才能作出這樣的推斷，而事實上第一組參加者只須要很少的談話；依據(jù)其次段最終一句可知，另一項探討表明，學生們寫的申請材料比聘請人員盡力看的多得多。由此可知，這兩個探討表明當人們作推斷的時候，他們事實上運用的信息比所期望的要少。故選D。答案：D7．WhatcanweknowaccordingtoParagraph3?A．Goodthinkinghabitshelpimprovementalhealth.B．Earlyinformationcontributesmoretodecision-making.C．Newinformationismoreimportantforknowledgedevelopment.D．Oldandnewinformationwillcombinetocreatecarefuljudgments.解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段最終一句可知，事實上，前幾條信息比后來的信息的影響要大得多。由此可知，在作推斷的時候，早期信息的影響力度更大。故選B。答案：B8．WhatdoestheexampleinParagraph4show?A．Decisionsbasedonlessinformationcanleadtoharmfulresults.B．Wecanmakeprogressbychallengingourselves.C．Excellentemployeesaregoodatanalyzinginformation.D．Goodcommunicationskillsarenecessaryforanablemanager.解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段第一、二句可知，快速作出的確定有時可能會導(dǎo)致誤會；下文緊接著舉例來說明這一狀況可推知，這個例子表明，基于較少信息作出的確定可能導(dǎo)致有害的結(jié)果。故選A。答案：AⅡ.閱讀七選五Hollywood(好萊塢)moviesareregularlyfilledwithviolence.Theycanbeexcitingfilmsbutsometimesallyouwantisalittlelight-heartedentertainment.SohaveyouheardofBollywood?Allsinging,alldancingandunrealistic,itistheperfectalternativetonormalHollywoodmovies.BollywoodistheIndianfilmindustry,basedinMumbai，formerlyknownasBombay.1etBollywoodisthelargestproduceroffilmsintheworld.ThisyeartheIndianFilmfareAwards,Bollywood'sOscars,turn64yearsold.ThetypicalBollywoodmovieusuallyhasthefollowingingredients：acupofromance,ateaspoonofcomedy,adashofinternationalsightseeing,servedwithahugesliceofsinginganddancing.Therewillalsobeonebravehero,onebeautifulheroineandonebaddie(壞人)．2Bollywoodfilmsarefullofidealthingsandfreeofdailyworries.3Theactorschangeclothesandlocationswithinasinglesong.Buttheaudiencedon'tmind.ToIndianmovielovers,especiallythepoor,suchfilmsareagatewaytoheaven.Thefilmstakethemtoamagicalworldawayfromtheireverydaytroubles.Thefilmstellthemtheimpossibleispossibleandthattrueloveconquersall.4Behindthebeautifulscenes，Bollywoodstillemphasizesfamilyvalues.Inmostfilms,iftwoloverswanttobreakanarrangedmarriage,theycan'tjustrunaway.Theymustwinovertheirparents.BollywoodfilmsaredecentrefreshingreplacementsforthoseexcessivelystimulatingHollywoodfilms.5Theywilltakeyoutoabrighter,morecheerfulandcolorfulworld,whereit'sstillcooltodancearoundatreeandsingalovesong.A．Thereislittlementionofpolitics,povertyandwar.B．Bollywoodhasgraduallywonitsreputationontheworldstage.C.BollywoodfilmsgivethefalseimpressionthatalltheIndiansarehappyandromantic.D．MostChineseschoolkidshaveprobablyneverseenanIndianfilm.E．Theresultisafun-filledmusical.F．Bollywoodpaysgreatattentiontotraditionalvalues.G．Soifyou'retiredofallthatHollywoodaction,checkouttheBollywoodfilms.[語篇解讀]文章主要介紹了印度寶萊塢電影的特點，如營造志向化、沒有日常苦惱的世界。1．解析：依據(jù)該空后的“YetBollywoodisthelargestproduceroffilmsintheworld.(然而寶萊塢是世界上最大的電影制造商)”中的yet可知，該空的內(nèi)容與這句話形成對比，而D項“大多數(shù)中國學生可能從未看過一部印度電影”可以與之形成對比，故選D。答案：D2．解析：本段主要介紹的是寶萊塢電影的構(gòu)成要素，如浪漫、喜劇、音樂、舞蹈；由此可知，其結(jié)果應(yīng)是一個充溢樂趣的音樂劇。故選E。答案：E3．解析：依據(jù)空前一句“Bollywoodfilmsarefullofidealthingsandfreeofdailyworries.”可知，寶萊塢電影充溢了志向的東西，沒有日常的苦惱。又結(jié)合本段其他內(nèi)容可推知，A項“幾乎沒提到政治、貧困和斗爭”與此處匹配。答案：A4．解析：依據(jù)該空后的“Behindthebeautifulscenes，Bollywoodstillemphasizesfamilyvalues.”可知，本段講的是寶萊塢電影對傳統(tǒng)價值觀的關(guān)注。故選F。答案：F5．解析：空前一句表述寶萊塢電影是那些令人過度興奮的好萊塢電影的相當不錯的、獨具匠心的替代品，故G項與此處匹配。答案：GⅢ.短文改錯LastFriday,Iwasstandingnearasubwayexit,triedtocallataxi.ButIfailed.ThenIthoughtofthetaxibookingappmyfriendhasrecommendedandIbookedataxithroughmycellphone.Soonitcame,andIsteppedin,feelingprettyproudlyofmyhigh-techwayandsatisfiedwiththeconveniencebroughtbytheapp.Solater,Iwasupsettofindthatthedriverwasbusylookinghiscellphonetogetthenextorder.Itwasjustthenwhi