第02講推理判斷題

目錄

01考情透視?目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航2

02知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖?思維引航2

03考點(diǎn)突破?考法探究3

考點(diǎn)一題型破解3

知識(shí)點(diǎn)1題型特點(diǎn)3

知識(shí)點(diǎn)2選項(xiàng)規(guī)律4

知識(shí)點(diǎn)3高分技巧5

考點(diǎn)二邏輯推斷題5

考點(diǎn)三觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題7

考點(diǎn)四文章出處題11

考點(diǎn)五目的意圖題13

04真題練習(xí)?命題洞現(xiàn)

1.真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)15

2.命題演練18

考情透視*目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航

近三年閱讀理解推理判斷題考點(diǎn)細(xì)目

年份卷別題數(shù)

2024新高考I卷4

新高考II卷4

全國(guó)甲卷6

浙江卷1月1

新高考I卷6

2023新高考II卷7

全國(guó)甲卷5

全國(guó)乙卷8

浙江卷1月4

2022新高考I卷6

新高考II卷4

全國(guó)甲卷

全國(guó)乙卷5

浙江卷1月6

匐2

心知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖?思維引航\\

㈤3

考點(diǎn)突破?考法探究

考點(diǎn)一題型破解

知識(shí)點(diǎn)1題型特點(diǎn)

整體瘠：推理判斷題是閱讀理解中難度較大的題型，在高考中占比很重，經(jīng)常達(dá)到4-8題甚至以上。推理

時(shí)我們務(wù)必要忠于原文,在文章中尋找并確定可推論的依據(jù)，準(zhǔn)確理解文中的已知部分，再結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和常

識(shí)推論出未知部分和作者的言外之意。

設(shè)問(wèn)方式：

1.Inwhichofthefollowingpublicationwouldthispassagemostlikelybeprinted?

2.What9stheauthor'sattitudetoward?

3.Thewriterprobablyfeelsthat.

4.Whatcanwelearnabout...fromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

5.Thepassage/story...indicates/suggests/impliesthat.

6.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?

難度分析：推理判斷題不僅要求考生理解文章的字面意思，還要對(duì)文章的表面信息進(jìn)行挖掘,將作者在文

中沒(méi)有直接說(shuō)出的意思通過(guò)對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)上的暗示和語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析，做出一定判斷和推理。要在閱讀理解

整體語(yǔ)篇的基礎(chǔ)上，把握文章的真正內(nèi)涵。因此難度較大?？疾轭}型由過(guò)去簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)號(hào)入座直接答題轉(zhuǎn)向

通過(guò)語(yǔ)句的同義或反義詞及長(zhǎng)難句來(lái)考查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)言的理解能力，難度比之前有所增加。

所?容：推理判斷題在高考中占比很重，經(jīng)常達(dá)到4-8題甚至以上，包括隱含意義推斷題、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷

題、文章出處或?qū)懽鲗?duì)象、目的意圖推斷題和下文預(yù)測(cè)推斷題。

1.文史長(zhǎng)復(fù)合包、—特殊句型I處常考

2.語(yǔ)宜轉(zhuǎn)折殂L強(qiáng)對(duì)比處寬惹

3.對(duì)文童小小1思想處蒙寶

4.特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)控號(hào)后的內(nèi)容賞彘

5.史間人物出現(xiàn)引用說(shuō)話(huà)叢賞考觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題

知識(shí)點(diǎn)2選項(xiàng)規(guī)律

干擾項(xiàng)特征釋義

將文章中出現(xiàn)的文中無(wú)關(guān)緊要或片面推出的結(jié)論，如某一處細(xì)節(jié)當(dāng)作合理

以細(xì)節(jié)代替推斷

推斷，實(shí)則是原文信息的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)，并不是推斷出來(lái)的結(jié)論。

過(guò)度推斷作者并未做出評(píng)論，只是客觀的陳述事實(shí)，考生進(jìn)行了過(guò)度的解讀和推斷。

正誤參半選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。

在解題時(shí)將自己的觀點(diǎn)或社會(huì)的一種普遍性?xún)A向而文中并無(wú)關(guān)系的觀點(diǎn)當(dāng)

無(wú)中生有

成作者的觀點(diǎn)。

主觀臆斷根據(jù)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活常識(shí)推斷。雖然符合考生的常識(shí)，但文中并沒(méi)有支撐的依據(jù)。

正確選項(xiàng)特征釋義

同義替換對(duì)原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換，最終成為正確選項(xiàng)

正話(huà)反說(shuō)把原文中的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)。

語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化把原文中復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化，設(shè)置為答案。

具有概括性，用精練的語(yǔ)言概括原文中分散的或復(fù)雜的信息，考查考生的概

信息歸納

括和歸納能力

改變?cè)~性或語(yǔ)態(tài)改變?cè)闹攸c(diǎn)詞性或語(yǔ)態(tài)，給考生制造了某些障礙。

特殊句式使用特殊句式如虛擬語(yǔ)氣、倒裝句、雙重否定等增加句子理解難度。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)3高分技巧

國(guó)國(guó)國(guó)

1.理解文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線(xiàn)索，打好推理判斷的基礎(chǔ)。

2.對(duì)文字的表面信息由淺入深地進(jìn)行挖掘，通過(guò)分析、綜合、判定等，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推斷。不能斷章

取義，以偏概全，局限于膚淺的表面意思。

3.忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線(xiàn)索為依據(jù)進(jìn)行合理推斷。不能主觀臆想，憑空想象，隨意揣測(cè)，

更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)；

4.把握句間、段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，了解語(yǔ)篇的結(jié)構(gòu)和體裁。體會(huì)文章的基調(diào)，揣摸作者的態(tài)度，感悟文

章的邏輯發(fā)展，揣摩作者的弦外之音。

名師提醒：推理判斷題要在閱讀理解整體語(yǔ)篇的基礎(chǔ)上，把握文章的真正內(nèi)涵。推理時(shí)我們務(wù)必要忠王原

文，在文章中尋找并確定可推論的依據(jù)，準(zhǔn)確理解文中的已知部分，再結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和常識(shí)推論出未知部分和

作者的言外之意。

考點(diǎn)二邏輯推斷題

f知識(shí)固本」

國(guó)BE3

第一步：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞infer（推斷）,suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出結(jié)論）,indicate（暗示，象

征）,imply（暗示）,assume（假定，設(shè)想）迅速明確題型

第二步：抓住關(guān)鍵信息去分析判斷。運(yùn)用翻譯技巧、句子成分劃分、長(zhǎng)難句辨析等方法讀懂原文信息，揣摩細(xì)

節(jié)，利用逆向思維和正向推理，根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)和線(xiàn)索詞推斷隱含意義。

第三步：對(duì)文中特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理：在原文中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍后，整合全文/段信息進(jìn)

行推斷：有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文或全段的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有效信息去進(jìn)行綜合推斷，

名師提醒：注意核對(duì)推理判斷題干擾項(xiàng)典型特征如：主觀臆斷、過(guò)度推斷、以細(xì)苴代替推斷、無(wú)生生有

等，正確選項(xiàng)常常以同義替換或正話(huà)反說(shuō)的形式出現(xiàn)。

典例1.（2024年湖南省長(zhǎng)郡中學(xué)模擬試題）

Withmusic,sheadded,“youcanstarttosensewithdifferentpartsofyourmindandyourbodythatthereare

patternshappeningandthatthey9reimportant.“Theworldisgoingtoseemoreandmoreofthese"wicked

problems9,theonesthattakemultiplepeoplewithdifferenttypesoftrainingandbackgroundtosolve.^^

Now,agroupofprofessorsandstudentsareworkingtobringtogethermusicandtheenvironmentinrelated

projects,suchasanaugmented（增強(qiáng)的）realityexperiencebasedonthiscomposition.Thegroupwantstospread

awarenessaboutthealgaeblooms,dataliteracy（數(shù)據(jù)認(rèn)知）andenvironmentalprotection.

8.WhatroledidHeatherthinkmusicplays?

A.Providingsolutionstothealgaeproblem.

B.Exposingmorewickedproblemstothepublic.

C.Showingtheeconomicgrowthincoastalcities.

D.Helpingpeopleexperiencetheproblemsbetter.

典例2.（2024年江蘇海安高級(jí)中學(xué)模擬）

Anotherexplanationforthespreadoffakenewsis"motivatedreasoning,writesAdamWyatz,anAmerican

managementprofessor,C4wearenaturallymorelikelytobelievethingsthatconfirmourexistingopinions.9,

Soinaworldwheremisleadinginformationiscommon,trainingpeopletocareaboutfact-checkingis

important,especiallyinonlinecommunities."Weshouldcheckthingsandnotjusttakethematfacevalue,9,

Slomansays."Verifybeforeyoubelieve.^^

30.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof"'motivatedreasoning^^?

A.Youpostamessageonlinethatgivesyourpersonalopinionaboutanewsstory.

B.Youthinkauniversityprofessordishonestwheneverybodyaroundyousayso.

C.Yousearchonlineformoreinformationaboutadoubtfulstoryonsocialmedia.

D.Youtrustadamagingstoryaboutsomeonewhoyoualwaysjudgenegatively.

考點(diǎn)三觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題

做此類(lèi)題目必須透過(guò)文章的字面意義去理解。作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)無(wú)非就是：支持、贊同、樂(lè)觀;反對(duì)、

批評(píng)、懷疑、悲觀；中立、客觀。作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)常用一些形容詞、副詞和不定意義的動(dòng)詞來(lái)表達(dá)，如

possible,impossible,seem,strangeo這時(shí)需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列舉的事例與其觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度是

一致的還是相反的。有些文章作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度隱含在文章的字里行間，需要通讀全文，才能做出正確的判

斷。注意熟悉一些常見(jiàn)的有關(guān)作者情感、態(tài)度的詞語(yǔ)。

positive積極的negative消極的；optimistic樂(lè)觀的pessimistic悲觀的；

critical批判的一approval贊同的；

doubtfill懷疑的；disappointed失望的；

neutral中立的；objective客觀的；

indifferent冷漠的；不同的；tolerant容忍的；

國(guó)目國(guó)

第一步：定關(guān)鍵詞：分析題干，抓牢關(guān)鍵詞如，主語(yǔ)與feel,attitude,view等。

第二步：文中定褒貶：從文章找出包含該信息的段落，運(yùn)用小找出反映語(yǔ)境褒貶性及態(tài)度變化的

標(biāo)志性詞匯或句子，運(yùn)用句子剖析，掌握句意，進(jìn)一步做出判斷，

第三步：核對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)詞：牢記褒貶及中性意義的詞匯，積累英美國(guó)家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等背景知識(shí)。

名師提醒：重點(diǎn)關(guān)注文中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的詞句，如but,however,yet等，其后一般才是作者真正的態(tài)度

或意圖。一般在說(shuō)明文中，作者的態(tài)度時(shí)客觀的或中立支持的，而在議論文中，作者的態(tài)度是多種多樣的。

注意作者或文中人物的措辭分析修飾語(yǔ)和字里行間所隱含的意思，切忌用自己觀點(diǎn)代替作者或文中人物的

觀點(diǎn)。

高頻同義轉(zhuǎn)換（名詞類(lèi)）

achievement=recognitionfeature=characteristics

approach=way=method=meansluggage=baggage=package

career=occupationmanners=etiquette

circumstance=environment=atmospherematerial=resource

creation=innovationnovel=fiction

comment=remark=review（makeacommentorigin=pioneer

on）data=statisticsoption=choice=selection

colleague=coworkerpersonality=character

direction=discipline=guidelinerule=regulation=principle

essay=passage=article=textRealize=cometrue

experiment=trialstress=pressure

gratitude=appreciation

高頻同義轉(zhuǎn)換（動(dòng)詞類(lèi)）

book=reserve=orderoveruse=abuse

complete=fulfill=accomplish=achievereject=refuse=tumdown=decline

conduct=carryoutreceive=accept

delay=putoff=postponesee=observe=notice=spot

declare=announce=informsearch=explore

divide=separate=partwithconnect=link=relate=associate

document=recordexplode=blowout

encourage=motivate=stimulate=spurdiscourage=frustrate

guarantee=ensurerent=hire

improve=promoteprove=tumout

ignore=tumone'sbacktoremove=getridof

please=amuse=entertainadmire=appreciate

preserve=protectpossess=own

ruin=destroy=damage=violatedecide=determine=resolvetodo

give=supply=provide=offerget=obtain=acquire=gain=possess

高頻同義轉(zhuǎn)換（形容詞副詞類(lèi)）

delicious=tastyauthentic=true=genuine

attentive=fbcusedthrilling=frightening

original=iiiitialthrilled=excited

final=eventualaverage=ordinary=common=universal

obvious=evident=Strikingtime-honored=hasalonghistory

accurate=exactdull=boring

outstanding=brilliant==remarkable=distinctivedaring=brave

extra=additionalappealing=attractive

glad=pleased=delightedimmediately=quickly=atonce=in

touched=movedrarely=hardly=seldom

signifLcant=vital=key=essential=primary=elementaryapproximately=about=nearly=almost=practically

accessible=available=athandcomplex=compHeated

appropriate=proper=suitablesafe=secure

高頻同義轉(zhuǎn)換（高頻短語(yǔ)類(lèi)）

aheadoftime=inadvance=previousarriveat=reach=getto=approach

placesofinterest=touristattractioninspiteof=despite

resultin=leadto=contributetofromone'sperspective=fromone'spointofview

beaccustomedto=beusedtodoingtrydoing=attemptto

meet/satisfy/fulfillone'sdemand/rcquirement/ncedbefilledwith=bcchargedwith=bcfullof

prevent...from=keep...from=stop...fromprefertodoAratherthandoB

joinin=takepartin=participateinpreferAtoB

=involvein=beengagedinpreferdoingAtodoingB

getreadyfdr=bepreparedforruninto=comeacross

focuson=concentrateontaketheplaceof=replace

transformAintoB=turnAintoBcomeintoeffect=opractice/use

inthelongterm=inthelongrunfromtimetotime=onceinawhile

in...sense=inaway=tosomedegree=atsomepointbecaughtin=betrappedin

holdonto=insistconsistof=bemadeupof

takeaction=takemeasures=takestepstoforamoment=forawhile

keepintouchwith=contactacollectionof=aseriesof

insomerespect=tosomedegree=atsomepointfigureout=findout

dealwith=copewith=handlewith=addressbrightup=lightup

atthesametime=meanwhilerollaround=turnup

onthespot=onthescenegive...alecture=deliveraspeech

beproudof=takeprideindrawone'sattention=attractone'sattention

asamatteroffact=infact=totellyouthetruthbedesperatefdr=desirefor=bethirstyfor

headinto=leaveforinfavorof=favorable

典例1.（2024年河南、山西大聯(lián)考）LeoWalshparticipatedinthedesignoftheminivan,akindofvehicle,whichrevolutionized

thewayfamiliestraveled40yearsagotogenerationsofAmericans.

AftergraduatingfromVirginiaTechwithadegreeinengineeringin1956.WalshwashiredbyChryslerinDetroit."That

wasthebestdecisionIevermade,becauseifI'dgonetoGM,Icouldhavebeenlostinabighurry,“Walshsaid.Theengineer

provedhisabilitywhilemaking$485amonth.64IwastheyoungestchiefengineeratChrysleratthattime,“Walshrecalled.

Walshwasapproachedbythemanagerin1976todesignavehicleunlikeanyother.Walsh'steamdidn'twastetime."We

designedaprototype（原型）bycuttingdownthebigvans,^^Walshexplained.ButtheplansWalshledwouldsitonashelf

collectingdust.t4Wekeptprovingthatitwasworkablethroughtheprototypes,9,Walshsaid.Theneightyearslater,Chrysler'snew

CEOLeelacoccagreenlightedtheproject.uHethoughtitwasaproductthatneededtobeonthemarket,Walshsaid."Itwas

decidedtoproduceitin1984.“Withitsextracargo（貨物）spaceandroominessforpassengers,theChryslerminivanwasan

instanthit."ItbecamethecashcowofChryslerCorporation,Walshsaid.

After32yearsinChrysler,Walshretiredin1988justfouryearsafterthefirstminivanwasproduced.ctTheworld'sbest

minivansandthatistrue,^^Walshsaid."Itwasalandmarkvehicle.^^2024marksthe40thanniversaryoftheminivan,proving

goodideasgetgoodgasmileage.The93-year-olddoesn'ttakecreditfortheminivan.TothisdayWalshsingshighpraiseforhis

talentedteam.

Admirably,theretiredengineerhelpedintroduceanewwayofdriving.t4Ienjoyedeveryminuteofthosejobs.ThatisallI

havegottosay,“Walshsaid."Ienjoyedeveryminuteofmycareer.Iamveryfortunatetobethereatthebegmning.^^

WhatwastheattitudeoftheCEOsbeforeLeelacoccatoWalsh'sprototype?

A.Unclear.B.Approving.C.Tolerant.D.Dismissive.

典例2.（23-24高三?北京?期中）

Inbrief,NASA'ssuccessinchangingthecourseofaharmfulasteroidisdefinitelypraiseworthy,butmuchmoreneedstobe

donebeforewecansaytheworld'ssecurityfromsomeunpredictableasteroidisguaranteed.

Whatistheauthor5sattitudetowardusingspacecraftstochangetheasteroidsorbits?

A.Neutral.B.Optimistic.C.Pessimistic.D.Notmentioned.

考點(diǎn)四文章出處題

H-H-u

知識(shí)JJ

答題必備規(guī)律答題

書(shū)刊雜志中心內(nèi)容突出，類(lèi)別變化明顯。如，以人物成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷為主題的人物傳記；介紹科技新發(fā)現(xiàn)的

科普雜志；

報(bào)紙類(lèi)往往在文中出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)等名稱(chēng)。

網(wǎng)站網(wǎng)絡(luò)文中常有如www.，web,online,click,mouse等用詞。

旅游手冊(cè)提供景點(diǎn)介紹或旅游路線(xiàn)、賓館入住等常識(shí)或相關(guān)詞匯如，souvenir等。

說(shuō)明書(shū)文中會(huì)出現(xiàn)如，設(shè)備、器具使用說(shuō)明；藥品服用次數(shù)、數(shù)量等。

名師提醒：1.根據(jù)文章的話(huà)題和細(xì)節(jié)確定文章出處或?qū)懽鲗?duì)象。2.根據(jù)文章的體裁和內(nèi)容判斷文章的中心話(huà)題。

國(guó)囪國(guó)

第一步：掃描題干，識(shí)別關(guān)鍵詞如,poster海報(bào)，travelbrochure旅游指南，journal雜志，instruction說(shuō)明書(shū),,

digest文摘，sciencejournal科學(xué)期刊等詞。

第二步：瀏覽全文，特別關(guān)注第一段和最后一段，找到文章主旨句。在應(yīng)用文中，還要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注小標(biāo)題。

牢記選項(xiàng)詞。

第三步：對(duì)文中信息及各類(lèi)出處綜合特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析，核對(duì)選項(xiàng)。

典例1.（2024年湖北襄陽(yáng)四中模擬）

Withsuchastrongartisticheritage,ifsnosurprisethatEnglandknocksitoutoftheparkwhenitcomestoworld-classart

galleries.Thesearethegalleriesyouneedtoaddtoyourmust-visitlist.

RoyalAcademyofArts（RA）,London

Notyourstandardgallery,theRoyalAcademyofArtsisledbyartiststopromotenotjusttheappreciationofart,butits

practice.Itisworld-famousforhostingsomeexhibitionsthatgeteveryonetalking.Besides,whatsetstheRAapartisits

engagementwiththepublicthroughparticipatoryexperiences,allowingvisitorstonotonlyviewartbutbecomepartofitin

innovativeways.

SainsburyCentreforVisualArts,Norwich

Whitworth,Manchester

Afterasky-high￡15milliondevelopment,theWhitworthisbecomingoneofthepremiergalleriesinthenorthofEngland.

Makingfulluseofitspicturesqueparksetting,thegalleryhasabeautifulartgardenandasculptureterrace（露臺(tái)），allwaitingto

beexplored.Insidethegallery,youcanviewanexcitingprogrammeofever-changingexhibitions.

Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Anarttextbook.B.Anartstudent9spaper.

C.Apersonaltravelblog.D.Atravelguidebook.

典例2.（2023?湖南邵陽(yáng)?高三湖南省邵東市第一中學(xué)?？迹?/p>

TheUKishometo26world-rankeduniversitiesofthetop200globally.Attheheartofeachuniversityisthelibrary,aspace

forstudentstoaccessresources,absorbknowledgeandgatherthoughts.Herearesomeofourmust-visitlibrariesacrosstheUK.

TheBritishLibrary,London

LocatedinLondon,theBritishLibraryishometoover170millionitems.Thecollectionsofferaglimpseintoliterary

heritageovertheages,frombookstomapstomanuscripts.VisitorscanbrowsetreasuresincludingLeonardodaVinci'snotebook.

Studentswithareadingpassareknowntospendhoursatatimeinthereadingrooms.

BodleianOldLibrary,Oxford

Datingbackto1488,theBodleianOldLibraryhasthreenotablereadingrooms.ItiscelebratedforitslateGothic

architecture.YoumayrecognizetheelaboratelycarvedceilingfromscenesinHarryPotter.Studentsattheuniversity

automaticallygetaccesstothelibrary.

JohnRylandsLibrary,Manchester

Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanthepassagebefound?

A.CultureB.FashionC.ScienceD.Entertainment

考點(diǎn)五目的意圖題

般來(lái)說(shuō)，我們可以通過(guò)分析文章的文體特點(diǎn)，理解作者的詞句選擇和識(shí)別文章的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)推斷出作者的寫(xiě)作意圖和意圖。

記敘文：通常會(huì)在首段或尾段出現(xiàn)高度概括性語(yǔ)言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有敘述都圍繞該哲理展開(kāi)(totellastory,

toentertainreaders,toshareanexperience...)；

應(yīng)用文：文章常對(duì)某事物或服務(wù)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹，使用具有明顯傾向性的語(yǔ)言(tosell,toattract,topersuade,topromote...)

說(shuō)明文：其寫(xiě)作意圖依賴(lài)于對(duì)文章主題句的把握，應(yīng)找準(zhǔn)主題句(tointroduce,toexplain,toinform,tomake

comparisons...)；

議論戈一般開(kāi)頭提出某論點(diǎn)，中間進(jìn)行論證，最后得出結(jié)論，寫(xiě)作意圖常隱含于最后一部分中。

典例1.(2024年河南、山西大聯(lián)考)

Canhappinessbeobtained-bylearningaboutitinschool?TheUniversityofBristoFsScienceofHappinesscourse,which

launchedin2018,ishelpinganswerthatquestion.Notyourtypicalcollegeclass,theinnovativecoursefeaturesabsolutelynotests

orwork.Insteaditfocusesonteachingstudentswhatthelateststudiesinpsychologysuggestreallymakespeoplehappy.Now,the

researchteambehindthatclasshasreleasedanewstudyreportingitreallyispossibletolearnhowtobehappy.

Thankstotheircourse,researchershadalreadyestablishedthatteachingstudentsaboutthelatestscientificstudiesfocusing

onhappinessresultsinanotableimprovementinwell-being.Duringthislatestproject,theytookthingsastepfurther.Theirwork

showsthatincreasesinwell-beingamongstudentsareultimatelyshort-lived-unlessindividualspracticewhafsbeentaught

duringthecourseforages.

“It'slikegoingtothegym——wecan'texpecttodooneclassandbefitforever.Justaswithphysicalhealth,wehaveto

continuouslyworkonourmentalhealth,otherwisetheimprovementsaretemporary,explainsseniorstudyauthorProfessor

BruceHood.Studentswhotookthehappinesscoursereporteda10to15percentimprovementinwell-being.However,onlythose

whocontinuedpracticingwhattheylearnedduringthecoursereportedsustainedimprovedwell-beinguponbeingsurveyedagain

twoyearslater.Thisprojectisthefirstevertotrackthewell-beingofstudentswhohadtakenahappinesscourselongafterthe

classended.

WhydoesProf.Hoodmention"thegym^^inparagraph3?

A.Toofferasolution.B.Tomakeaprediction.

C.Toillustrateanidea.D.Toraiseaquestion.

典例2.(2024?浙江杭州?一模)

BeijingpolicesaidonFridaythataChinesesoccerfanwhoranontothefieldtohugsoccerlegendLionelMessiduringa

matchonThursdayinBeijing,hasbeendetained（逮捕）.

DuringafriendlymatchbetweenAustraliaandArgentinaintheWorkers9Stadiuminthecity'sChaoyangdistricton

Thursday,thefan,whosesurnameisDi,ranontothefield,givingahugtohisfavoritefootballerMessi.Hewasrunafterby

securityguardsbuthemanagedtofleeandhigh-fiveArgentinagoalkeeperEmiMartinezbeforebeingcaught.

Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirstparagraph?

A.Togiveabriefintroductionoftheevent.

B.Toprovidebackgroundinformationaboutthematch.

C.Toexplainwhatfansshoulddowhenattendingagame.

D.Towarnthefansnottobreakthepublicrules.

變式訓(xùn)練（23?24高三?北京?開(kāi)學(xué)考試）

Itisperhapstruetosaytherefore,thattherealpurposeofaninterviewisnottoassesstheassessableaspectsofeach

candidatebuttomakeaguessatthethingsthatarehardtomeasure,suchaspersonality,characterandsocialability.

Unfortunately,bothfortheemployersandapplicantsforjobs,therearemanypeopleofgreatabilitywhosimplydonotinterview

well.Therearealso,ofcourse,peoplewhointerviewextremelywell,butarelaterfoundtobeveryunsatisfactoryemployees.

Candidateswhointerviewwelltendtobequietlyconfident,butneverboastful（自夸的）directandstraightforwardintheir

questionsandanswers;cheerfulandfriendly,butneverover-familiar;andsincerelyenthusiasticandoptimistic.Candidateswho

interviewbadlytendtobeeitherveryshyorover-confident.Theyeithertalktoolittleorneverstoptalking.Theyareeither

over-politeorabitrude.

Thepurposeofthelastparagraphistoindicate.

A.alinkbetweensuccessininterviewandpersonality

B.connectionsbetweenworkabilitiesandpersonality

C.differencesininterviewexperience

D.differencesinpersonalbehavior

3

一、真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)

1.（2024年新高考I卷閱讀理解B篇）

LeighTindale'sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedto

puthimtosleep,butFarber'streatmentseasedherdog'ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditional

fivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,"movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfdrtably“aftera

chiropracticadjustment.

Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemaybe

right:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.

"Sometimesitsurprisesmethatitworkssowell,^^hesays."Iwilldoanythingtohelpananimal.Thafsmyjob.,,

WhydoestheauthormentiontheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociation?

A.ToproveFarber'spoint.B.Toemphasizeitsimportance.

C.Topraiseveterinarians.D.Toadvocateanimalprotection.

2.（2024年新高考n卷閱讀理解B篇）

Doyouevergettothetrainstationandrealizeyouforgottobringsomethingtoread?Yes,weallhaveourphones,butmany

ofusstillliketogooldschoolandreadsomethingprinted.

Well,there?sakiosk（小亭）forthat.IntheSanFranciscoBayArea,atleast.

“Youenterthefaregates（檢票口）andyou'llseeakioskthatislitupandittellsyoucangetaone-minute,athree-minute,or

afive-minutestory,9,saysAliciaTrost,thechiefcommunicationsofficerfortheSanFranciscoBayAreaRapidTransit-known

asBART."Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyouareceipt-likeshortstory.

WhydidBARTstartthekioskprogram?

A.Topromotethelocalculture.B.Todiscouragephoneuse.

C.Tomeetpassengers5needs.D.Toreduceitsrunningcosts.

3.（2023年新高考3卷B篇）

Jaramillo'sstudentsliveinneighborhoodswherefreshfoodandgreenspacearenoteasytofindandfastfoodrestaurants

outnumbergrocerystores.t6Thekidsliterallycometoschoolwithbagsofsnacksandlargebottlesofsoftdrinks,“shesays."They

cometousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsareawful.9,Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsand

turnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.

25.WhatwasaproblemfacingJaramilloatthestartoftheprogram?

A.Thekids'parentsdistrustedher.B.Studentshadlittletimeforherclasses.

C.Somekidsdislikedgardenwork.D.Therewasnospaceforschoolgardens.

4.（2023年新高考H卷C篇）

Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma

21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader.To

serveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnotes

writtendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeis

monitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,64ofMine^^activity.

Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-reader?

A.Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.

B.Technologyhaschangedthewayweread.

C.Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.

D.Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.

5.（2023年全國(guó)乙卷C篇）

IfsthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaignthatBritonsareturningawayfrommeat-and-two-vegand

ready-mademealsandbecomingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits.Itisrecentlyreportedthatthenumberofthosesticking

toatraditionaldietisslowlydecliningandaroundhalfofBritain'sconsumerswouldliketochangeorimprovetheircookingin

someway.TherehasbeenariseinthenumberofstudentsapplyingforfoodcoursesatUKuniversitiesandcolleges.Itseemsthat

TVprogrammeshavehelpedchangewhatpeoplethinkaboutcooking.

WhichbestdescribescookeryprogrammeonBritishTV?

A.Authoritative.B.Creative.C.Profitable.D.Influential.

6.（2022年新高考I卷A篇）

LateWork

Anessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinby

the4thdayafterthed