第1頁(yè)/共1頁(yè)2024年順德區(qū)普通高中高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)(一)英語(yǔ)試題本試卷共8頁(yè)，滿分120分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分。答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、試室號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。用2B鉛筆將答題卡上的相應(yīng)位置填涂考生號(hào)。因聽(tīng)說(shuō)另考，試題從第二部分的“閱讀理解”開(kāi)始，試題號(hào)從“21”開(kāi)始。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑;如需要改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案。答案寫(xiě)在試卷上無(wú)效。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫(xiě)在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上;如需要改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來(lái)的答案，然后再寫(xiě)上新答案;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答無(wú)效。4.考生必須保證答題卡的整潔。考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAnimalCareVolunteerPrograminArgentina-CordobaProjectdetailsWanttovolunteerwithanimalsinArgentina-Córdoba?AnimalCareVolunteerProgrambenefitsbothrescuedanimalsandchildrenfromlow-incomeareasofCórdoba.Volunteershelpatasmallfarmthatworksasananimalshelterandlearningcentre,wherelocalchildrenspendthedayconnectingwithanimalsoutdoorsandparticipatinginactivitiesthattheywouldnotbeabletoaccessthroughtheirownmeans.Whattoexpect?Fromhorsestobabygoatsrabbitstochickens,volunteersaretaskedwiththeimportantresponsibilityoftendingtotheneedsoftheseanimals,ensuringtheyreceivethecare,treatment,andattentionnecessaryfortheirwell-being.●Volunteertasksmayvarybuttypicallyinvolve:●Playingandentertaininganimals●Keepingtheirlivingspacesclean●Maintainingthegrounds,includingpaintingandrepairingasnecessary●Tendingtocropsandmanagingnaturalfertilizers●Welcomingandguidingvisitors●HelpingtoorganizefundraisingeventsWhatwillyougain?ByvolunteeringontheAnimalCareproject,you’llbeaddingvaluetothelocalcommunity,whilealsodevelopingpersonallyandprofessionallyby:●PracticingyourSpanish●Developingyourcommunicationskills●Gaininganimalcareandfarmexperience●FullyengagingyourselfinArgentineculture●ExploringthestunningregionandcityofCórdoba1.WhatisthemainpurposeoftheAnimalCarePrograminCórdoba?A.Toprovidetrainingforvolunteers.B.Torunacommercialfarmforprofit.C.Toimprovethelifeofthelocalpeople.D.Tocareforanimalsandchildrenalike.2.Whichtaskmayvolunteersdoattheanimalshelter?A.Cleaninganimallivingspaces.B.Conductingmedicalresearch.C.Organizingtouristtripstodifferentcities.D.PaintingandrepairingthecityofCórdoba.3.Whatwillyougainfromvolunteeringthere?A.Runningafarmbusiness.B.ImprovingyourSpanish.C.ExploringCórdobaforfree.D.Learningtocookforthelocals.【答案】1.D2.A3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章主要介紹了阿根廷科爾多瓦動(dòng)物關(guān)懷志愿者項(xiàng)目?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Projectdetails部分中“AnimalCareVolunteerProgrambenefitsbothrescuedanimalsandchildrenfromlow-incomeareasofCórdoba.(動(dòng)物關(guān)懷志愿者項(xiàng)目使獲救的動(dòng)物和來(lái)自Córdoba低收入地區(qū)的兒童受益)”可知，該項(xiàng)目的主要目的是照顧動(dòng)物和兒童，故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whattoexpect?部分中“Keepingtheirlivingspacesclean(保持生活空間整潔)”可知，志愿者在動(dòng)物收容所可能會(huì)清理動(dòng)物的生活空間，故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whatwillyougain?部分中“PracticingyourSpanish(練習(xí)西班牙語(yǔ))”可知，通過(guò)做志愿者可以提高西班牙語(yǔ)，故選B。BMydaughterisasmartkid,butshe’dneverreadanentirechapterbookforpleasure.Shehadneverdevelopedanyhabitofclassicdeepreading—withtwoeyesinfrontofpaper,andnothingelsegoingon.WhenIfacedthistruth,itfeltlikeaparentingfailure.Eventhoughwe’dreadmanystorybookswhenshewasyoungerandwelivedinahousestuffedwithbooks,Ihadn’tmanagedtoinstill(灌輸)oneoflife’sfundamentalpleasuresinmykid.Asalifelongreader,Iunderstandhowreadingenhancesthefabricofourexperience.Yetmydaughterclaimedtodislikereading.Itoldherreadingnovelswasthebestwaytolearnabouthowpeople’sinsideswork.Shesaidshecouldlearnmorefromthepeopleonsocialmedia,whowereallaboutspillingtheirinsides.Isaidbooksofferedstorytelling.Shesaid,“Smartphones.”Isaidbookstaughthistory.Shesaid,“TheInternet.”Icouldnotwinourdebates,becausefewofmydaughter’sargumentsagainstreadingseemedwrongtome.Yes,readingisawaytodiscovernewworlds—soistheentireInternet.Butthat’snotwhyIwantedmydaughtertopickupabook.Itwasaboutexperiencingacertainmagic.Youknowwhenanauthordescribesafeelingyoudidn’thave,andahundredlightbulbsgooffonthetopofyourhead?Iwantedhertohaveachanceatfeelingthat.Ascreen-basedmediumcan’tcreatethiskindofrelationshipbecause,byitsnature,themediummustfillinalltheblanksforyou.Booksleavespaceforblanks—andfortheinternalinventiontheycaninspire.SoIdecidedtocutthroughallthereasoningwithacold,hardpracticality:cash.Itoldmy11-year-oldIwouldpayher$100toreadanovelwithinamonth.Ofcourse,shesaidyes.Shefinishedthebookinsevendays.Thensheevenaskedforthesequel(續(xù)集)—atnoextracharge.WillthisleadtoherreadingLittleWomen?Willitresultinalifelonghabitofreading?Idon’tknow.WhatIdoknowisthatIfinallyopenedanewdoorforhertotheprintedpage.ThatfeelslikethebestmoneyIeverspent.4.Whatdoesthe“parentingfailure”inparagraph1referto?A.Failuretogetalongwellwithherdaughter.B.Failuretomeetherdaughter’semotionalneeds.C.Failuretodevelopareadinghabitinherdaughter.D.Failuretoprovideenoughstorybooksinthehouse.5.Whydoestheauthorwantherdaughtertoreadbooks?A.Tohelpherdiscovernewworlds.B.Tohelpherfillinalltheblanks.C.TohelpherspendlesstimeontheInternet.D.Toletherfeelamomentofdeepconnection.6.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutspending$100toencourageherdaughtertoread?A.Sheregretsspendingthemoney.B.Sheisunsureifitwillleadtoaloveofreading.C.Shefeelsdisappointedwiththefinaloutcome.D.Sheisconfidentinherdaughter’sfuturechoices.7.Whatcouldbeabesttitleforthepassage?A.CreatingaReader:AMother’sJourneyB.EncouragingReading:TipsforChildrenC.TheMagicofBooksinaDigitalAgeD.TheDeclineofReadingAmongChildren【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。本文主要講述了作者的女兒不喜歡閱讀，作者想辦法幫助女兒養(yǎng)成閱讀習(xí)慣的經(jīng)歷?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)上句“Shehadneverdevelopedanyhabitofclassicdeepreading—withtwoeyesinfrontofpaper,andnothingelsegoingon.(她從來(lái)沒(méi)有養(yǎng)成過(guò)任何經(jīng)典深度閱讀的習(xí)慣——兩只眼睛看著紙，什么都不做。)”可知，我的女兒沒(méi)有閱讀的習(xí)慣，由此可知，“WhenIfacedthistruth,itfeltlikea

parentingfailure.(當(dāng)我面對(duì)這個(gè)事實(shí)時(shí)，感覺(jué)是parentingfailure。)”中畫(huà)線部分的“parentingfailure”指的是“沒(méi)有在女兒身上培養(yǎng)出閱讀習(xí)慣”，作者認(rèn)為自己在這方面是失敗的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句“Itwasaboutexperiencingacertainmagic.Youknowwhenanauthordescribesafeelingyoudidn’thave,andahundredlightbulbsgooffonthetopofyourhead?Iwantedhertohaveachanceatfeelingthat.(這是關(guān)于體驗(yàn)?zāi)撤N魔力。你知道嗎，當(dāng)一位作家描述了一種你沒(méi)有的感覺(jué)，一百個(gè)燈泡在你頭頂上熄滅了？我希望她有機(jī)會(huì)感受到這一點(diǎn)。)”可知，作者希望女兒通過(guò)閱讀感受到作家描述的一種你沒(méi)有的感覺(jué)；由此可知，作者想讓女兒讀書(shū)，因?yàn)橄胱屗惺艿揭欢紊钌畹穆?lián)系，與作家想要表達(dá)的情感產(chǎn)生共鳴。故選D項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段關(guān)鍵句“Itoldmy11-year-oldIwouldpayher$100toreadanovelwithinamonth.Ofcourse,shesaidyes.Shefinishedthebookinsevendays.Thensheevenaskedforthesequel(續(xù)集)—atnoextracharge.WillthisleadtoherreadingLittleWomen?Willitresultinalifelonghabitofreading?Idon’tknow.(我告訴我11歲的女兒，我會(huì)給她100美元，讓她在一個(gè)月內(nèi)讀完一本小說(shuō)。當(dāng)然，她答應(yīng)了。她在七天內(nèi)完成了這本書(shū)。然后她甚至要求要續(xù)集——不額外收費(fèi)。這會(huì)讓她讀《小婦人》嗎？這會(huì)幫她養(yǎng)成終身閱讀的習(xí)慣嗎？我不知道。)”可知，作者給女兒100美元讓她在一個(gè)月內(nèi)讀完一本小說(shuō)，女兒七天內(nèi)完成了這本書(shū)，甚至要求讀續(xù)集而且不額外要錢(qián)，但是作者不確定自己的做法能否幫女兒養(yǎng)成終身閱讀的習(xí)慣；由此可知，對(duì)于花100美元鼓勵(lì)女兒讀書(shū)，作者不確定這是否會(huì)讓她愛(ài)上閱讀。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段關(guān)鍵句“Shehadneverdevelopedanyhabitofclassicdeepreading—withtwoeyesinfrontofpaper,andnothingelsegoingon.(她從來(lái)沒(méi)有養(yǎng)成過(guò)任何經(jīng)典深度閱讀的習(xí)慣——兩只眼睛看著紙，什么都不做。)”以及最后一段中“WhatIdoknowisthatIfinallyopenedanewdoorforhertotheprintedpage.ThatfeelslikethebestmoneyIeverspent.(我所知道的是，我終于為她打開(kāi)了一扇通往書(shū)本的新大門(mén)。我覺(jué)得這是我迄今為止最好的一項(xiàng)花銷(xiāo)。)”可知，本文主要講述了作者的女兒不喜歡閱讀，作者想辦法幫助女兒養(yǎng)成閱讀習(xí)慣的經(jīng)歷，“CreatingaReader:AMother’sJourney”意為“創(chuàng)造一個(gè)讀者：一位母親的旅程”，能夠概括文章主要主旨，適合作為最佳標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。CPeopleoftenthinkthatscientificdiscoveriescomefromthegeniuseslikeCharlesDarwinandAlbertEinstein.Suchaviewoverlookstheeffortsoflesser-knownpioneers.Also,popularbeliefholdsthatthesuddenideaisthekeytomakingscientificbreakthroughs,asifitjustappearsinsomeone’smind.Thisopinionmightbepartiallytrue.Itdoesn’taccuratelyrepresentthetruenatureofscientificbreakthroughs.Apartfrom,thegreatfiguressuchasDarwinandEinstein,whosecontributionsarerightlyrecognized—webelieveinnovationislargelyatrial-and-errorprocess,wheretwostepsforwardmaysometimescomewithonestepbackorevenmorestepstotherightorleft.TakeJohnNicholson,alesser-knownscientistfromthe1910s.Hewasamathematicalphysicistwhosuggestedtheideaof‘proto-elements’inspace.Bymixingdifferentweightsoftheseatoms,hecouldrecovertheweightsoftheelementsintheperiodictable.Thoughproto-elementsdon’tactuallyexist,Nicholson’swildideasledhimtoproposeanewtheoryaboutatomicstructure.NielsBohr,theNobelprize-winningfatherofmodernatomictheory,laterbuiltonthisideatodevelophisfamousmodeloftheatom.Whatcanwelearnfromthisstory?Scienceisalwaysevolving,similartotheevolutionofanimalspecies.Justrandomorunexpectedchangesofideasmayopenthedoorforadvancesinscience.Supportforthisideacanbeseeninmanyareas.Forexample,inUShorseracing,the‘a(chǎn)cey-deucy’stirrupplacement,wheretherider’sleftfootisplacedlowerthantherightfoot,providesaspeedadvantageonovaltracks.Itwascreatedbyalittle-knownridernamedJackieWestrope.HadWestropedonecarefulresearchtodevelopthistechnique?No.Hehadaleginjurythatpreventedhimfromfullybendinghisleftknee.Thischangejusthappenedtoimprovehisleft-handturningperformance.Asaresult,manyridersquicklyadoptedtheacey-deucystyle,whichisstillusedinracingtoday.Manyotherexamplesshowscienceprogressoftencomesfrommistakes,accidents,orpureluck.It’stimetoabandonthenaivebeliefsofgeniusandexplorethetruecausesofcreativity.8.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph1?A.Tosupportspecificideas.B.Todescribeacommonbelief.C.Tocomparecertainbeliefs.D.Tochallengeapopularview.9.WhatdoesthewriterimplyaboutDarwinandEinsteininparagraph2?A.Theysetanexampleforotherstofollow.B.Theirwayofworkinghasbeenmisunderstood.C.Theyareexceptionstotheusualrule.D.Theirachievementsdeservegreaterrecognition.10.WhatdoweknowabouttheideaofNicholson?A.Itmadehimfamousasanimportantscientist.B.Peopleonlyfullyunderstooditlaterinhistory.C.Otherscientistswereinitiallydoubtfulaboutit.D.Itpavedthewayforsomeoneelse’sbreakthrough.11.Whatismostinterestingaboutthe‘a(chǎn)cey-deucy’stirrupadjustment?A.Whyitwasmade.B.Howquicklypeopleusedit.C.Theresearchworkbehindit.D.Theclevernessofitsfirstuser.【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇議論文。文章論述了發(fā)明創(chuàng)造不是一蹴而就的，而往往來(lái)自不斷的試錯(cuò)過(guò)程。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“PeopleoftenthinkthatscientificdiscoveriescomefromthegeniuseslikeCharlesDarwinandAlbertEinstein.Suchaviewoverlookstheeffortsoflesser-knownpioneers.Also,popularbeliefholdsthatthesuddenideaisthekeytomakingscientificbreakthroughs,asifitjustappearsinsomeone’smind.(人們通常認(rèn)為科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)來(lái)自查爾斯·達(dá)爾文和阿爾伯特·愛(ài)因斯坦等天才。這種觀點(diǎn)忽視了鮮為人知的先驅(qū)者的努力。此外，人們普遍認(rèn)為，突然的想法是取得科學(xué)突破的關(guān)鍵，就好像它只是出現(xiàn)在某人的腦海里一樣)”可知，文章第一段描述了一個(gè)普遍觀點(diǎn)，即突然的想法是取得科學(xué)突破的關(guān)鍵。由此推知，第一段的目的是描述一個(gè)普遍觀點(diǎn)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“Thisopinionmightbepartiallytrue.Itdoesn’taccuratelyrepresentthetruenatureofscientificbreakthroughs.Apartfrom,thegreatfiguressuchasDarwinandEinstein,whosecontributionsarerightlyrecognized—webelieveinnovationislargelyatrial-and-errorprocess,wheretwostepsforwardmaysometimescomewithonestepbackorevenmorestepstotherightorleft.(這種觀點(diǎn)可能部分正確。它并不能準(zhǔn)確地代表科學(xué)突破的真實(shí)性質(zhì)。此外，達(dá)爾文和愛(ài)因斯坦等偉大人物的貢獻(xiàn)得到了正確的認(rèn)可，我們認(rèn)為創(chuàng)新在很大程度上是一個(gè)試錯(cuò)過(guò)程，前進(jìn)兩步有時(shí)可能會(huì)后退一步，甚至向左或向右邁出更多步)”可知，事實(shí)上，創(chuàng)新在很大程度上是一個(gè)試錯(cuò)過(guò)程，并不是突然的靈感，例如，達(dá)爾文和愛(ài)因斯坦等偉大人物的貢獻(xiàn)。由此推知，作者在第二段中暗示了達(dá)爾文和愛(ài)因斯坦的工作方式被誤解了。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句“Thoughproto-elementsdon’tactuallyexist,Nicholson’swildideasledhimtoproposeanewtheoryaboutatomicstructure.NielsBohr,theNobelprize-winningfatherofmodernatomictheory,laterbuiltonthisideatodevelophisfamousmodeloftheatom.(盡管原元素實(shí)際上并不存在，但尼科爾森的瘋狂想法使他提出了一種關(guān)于原子結(jié)構(gòu)的新理論。諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者、現(xiàn)代原子理論之父尼爾斯·玻爾后來(lái)在這一思想的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展了他著名的原子模型)”可知，尼爾斯·玻爾的原子模型是在尼科爾森的瘋狂想法的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展的。由此推知，尼科爾森的想法為別人的突破鋪平了道路。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Itwascreatedbyalittle-knownridernamedJackieWestrope.HadWestropedonecarefulresearchtodevelopthistechnique?No.Hehadaleginjurythatpreventedhimfromfullybendinghisleftknee.Thischangejusthappenedtoimprovehisleft-handturningperformance.Asaresult,manyridersquicklyadoptedtheacey-deucystyle,whichisstillusedinracingtoday.(它是由一位名叫杰基·韋斯特洛普的鮮為人知的騎手創(chuàng)造的。韋斯特洛普是否進(jìn)行了仔細(xì)的研究來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)？沒(méi)有。他的腿受傷了，無(wú)法完全彎曲左膝。這一變化恰好提高了他的左轉(zhuǎn)能力。因此，許多車(chē)手很快采用了今天仍然在比賽中使用的acey-deucy風(fēng)格)”可知，杰基·韋斯特洛普發(fā)明“aceydeucy”箍筋調(diào)整不是特意進(jìn)行了仔細(xì)的研究，而是因?yàn)樽约旱耐仁軅?，偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的，這很有趣。由此推知，“aceydeucy”箍筋調(diào)整最有趣的是為什么它被制作出來(lái)。故選A項(xiàng)。DThishasbeenthedecadeofAI,withoneadvancementafteranother.Bymid-century,wemayhaveartificialgeneralintelligence(AGI)—machinesthatcandoallthethingshumanscan.Andthat’sjustthebeginning.Machinesaren’taffectedbythesamephysicallimitationsthataffecthumanintelligence.Oncemachinesoutperformhumans,progresstowardstheselimitscouldspeedupevenmore.Whatdoesthismeanforus?Canwemakesurewelivesafelywiththesemachines?Onthepositiveside,AIisalreadyusefulinmanyareas,andsuperAIcouldbesuperuseful.However,asAIgrowsmorepowerful,itbecomescrucialtodefineitsgoalsclearly.Therearemanyfolkstoriesaboutpeoplewhoaskforthewrongthing,withdisastrousconsequences.Forinstance,KingMidaswishedeverythinghetouchedtoturntogold,buthedidn’texpecthisbreakfasttoturntogoldtoo.SoweneedtocreatepowerfulAImachinesthatare‘human-friendly’—withvaluesthatmatchourown.Onethingthatmakesthistaskdifficultisthathumansaren’talwayskindorreliable.Weoftendomanyterriblethingstomanyothercreatureswithwhomwesharetheplanet.Ifsuperintelligentmachinesdon’tactbetterthanwedo,we’llbeindeeptrouble.Forourownsafety,wewantthemachinestobemorallyaswellascognitively(認(rèn)知的)superiortohumans.Wewantthemtoaimforthemoralhighground.However,thisutopianvisionfacestwobigproblems.Thefirstis‘gettingstarted’problem—pointingthemachinesintherightdirection,whichwon’tbeeasybecausewearealwaysconflictedaboutourownvalues.Thesecondproblemisthe‘destination’problem—whatitwouldmeantoreachthisdestination.Ifweputourselvesinthehandsofthesesupermachines,wemightloseourownfreedom—whichisakeypartofbeinghuman.Sowhereexactlywouldthatleavehumanbeings?It’smoreimportanttothinkaboutthedestinationnowandbecarefulaboutwhatwewishfor.12.WhatpointdoesthewritermakeaboutAIinparagraph1?A.AGIwilldefinitelyreplacehumans.B.AI’sfuturepotentialseemslimitless.C.There’smuchtolearnaboutsuperAI.D.AIsharesmanyfeatureswithhumans.13.WhydoestheauthormentionthestoryofKingMidas?A.Tocomparedifferentkindsofgoals.B.TosuggestthatAIshouldreflecthumanvalues.C.Toshowpoorlydefinedgoalsmayleadtoproblems.D.TowarnaboutthedangerofbecominggreedywithAI.14Whatchallengedoesthewritermentioninparagraph3?A.Gettinghumanstoactmoremorally.B.Buildingabetterworldforallcreatures.C.MakingAImorehuman-friendlythanhumans.D.ChoosingwhichvaluesAIshouldsharewithus.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thisutopianvision”referto?A.Humanscanensurethesafetyofmachines.B.Machineswillhelpsolvethesetwobigproblems.C.Humansandmachineshavethesamemoralground.D.Machinesgetsmarterandmoremoralthanhumans.【答案】12.B13.C14.C15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了隨著人工智能的發(fā)展，也顯示了許多消極影響，例如人工智能不受人類(lèi)控制，以及針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題我們應(yīng)該怎樣做?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句“Machinesaren’taffectedbythesamephysicallimitationsthataffecthumanintelligence.Oncemachinesoutperformhumans,progresstowardstheselimitscouldspeedupevenmore.(機(jī)器不會(huì)受到影響人類(lèi)智能的相同物理限制的影響。一旦機(jī)器超越人類(lèi)，朝著這些極限的進(jìn)展可能會(huì)更快)”可知，機(jī)器不會(huì)受到物理限制的影響，一旦機(jī)器超越人類(lèi)，未來(lái)的發(fā)展是無(wú)限的。由此可知，作者在第1段中認(rèn)為人工智能的未來(lái)潛力似乎是無(wú)限的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“However,asAIgrowsmorepowerful,itbecomescrucialtodefineitsgoalsclearly.Therearemanyfolkstoriesaboutpeoplewhoaskforthewrongthing,withdisastrousconsequences.(然而，隨著人工智能變得越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大，明確其目標(biāo)變得至關(guān)重要。有很多民間故事講的是，人們要求錯(cuò)了，結(jié)果卻帶來(lái)了災(zāi)難性的后果)”可知，本段內(nèi)容告訴我們隨著人工智能變得越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大，不能明確其目標(biāo)帶來(lái)了災(zāi)難性的后果，并舉出了邁達(dá)斯國(guó)王的故事。由此推知，作者提到邁達(dá)斯國(guó)王的故事是為了表明不明確的目標(biāo)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致問(wèn)題。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句“SoweneedtocreatepowerfulAImachinesthatare‘human-friendly’—withvaluesthatmatchourown.Onethingthatmakesthistaskdifficultisthathumansaren’talwayskindorreliable.(因此，我們需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造“人性化”的強(qiáng)大人工智能機(jī)器，其價(jià)值觀與我們自己的相匹配。讓這項(xiàng)任務(wù)變得困難的一件事是，人類(lèi)并不總是善良或可靠的)”可知，我們想要人工智能機(jī)器“人性化”，但這很難，因?yàn)槿祟?lèi)并不總是善良或可靠的，由此推知，作者在第3段中提到的挑戰(zhàn)是讓人工智能比人類(lèi)更人性化。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線短語(yǔ)上句“Forourownsafety,wewantthemachinestobemorallyaswellascognitively(認(rèn)知的)superiortohumans.Wewantthemtoaimforthemoralhighground.(為了我們自己的安全，我們希望機(jī)器在道德和認(rèn)知上都優(yōu)于人類(lèi)。我們希望他們瞄準(zhǔn)道德制高點(diǎn))”可知，我們希望機(jī)器在道德和認(rèn)知上都優(yōu)于人類(lèi)。由此可知，劃線短語(yǔ)所在句指“希望機(jī)器在道德和認(rèn)知上都優(yōu)于人類(lèi)”的愿景面臨著兩大問(wèn)題，“Machinesgetsmarterandmoremoralthanhumans.”意為“機(jī)器變得比人類(lèi)更聰明、更有道德?！蹦軌虮磉_(dá)劃線短語(yǔ)在句中表達(dá)的意思。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Charisma—orrizz(人氣)wascrowned2023wordoftheyearbythepublisheroftheOxfordEnglishDictionary.Whocouldblameusforobsessingovercharisma?Itcansmoothsocialinteractions,winusfriends,andscorepromotions.____16____Approachableandrelatable.ManyexecutivesandprofessionalsIfindconfidentandchattyadmitcharismawasn’tsomethingthatcamenaturally.____17____Dave,achiefexecutiveofCargill,madeapointtorememberthedetailsanddatesofpeople’slives,suchascolleagues’birthdays.He’dpenwordsofthanksorcongratulations.____18____Treatingpeopledifferentlywillbackfire,saysCarlaHarris,aMorganStanleyexecutive.Shechatsupthewomancleaningtheoffice,thereceptionistatherdoctor’s,theguywaitingalongsideherfortheelevator.“Don’tbeconfused,”shetellsyoungpeople.Executiveassistantsareoftenthemostpowerfulpeopleinthebuilding,andyouneverknowhowsomeonecanhelporhurtyou.Acceptingyourmistakes.It’snotthatcharmingpeopledon’toccasionallymispronounceawordorspilltheircoffee.____19____Theyacknowledgethemistakeinsteadoftryingtohideit,makeasmalljoke,andmoveon.Beingperfectlypolishedallthetimeisnotonlyexhausting,it’simpossible.Appearingflawlesscancomeoffasfake.Atitsheart,charismaisn’taboutsomegrandperformance.____20____It’saboutmakingourconversationpartnersfeelthey’rethecharming—orinterestingorfunny—ones.Whileskillsgetyouhired,it’scommunicationandtrustthatleaduptheladder.A.Everyoneisimportant.B.Theyhadtoworkonit.C.Theyeasilygetattention.D.It’salsopossibletodevelop.E.Theyjusthaveafastercomeback.F.It’safeelingwebringoutinothers.G.Welikepeoplewhomakefewmistakes.【答案】16.D17.B18.A19.E20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章介紹了培養(yǎng)魅力的方法。【16題詳解】上文“Itcansmoothsocialinteractions,winusfriends,andscorepromotions.(它可以使社交互動(dòng)順暢，為我們贏得朋友，并獲得晉升)”提到魅力的好處，下文是培養(yǎng)個(gè)人魅力的具體方法，故D項(xiàng)“它也是可以培養(yǎng)的”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境，故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“ManyexecutivesandprofessionalsIfindconfidentandchattyadmitcharismawasn’tsomethingthatcamenaturally.(我發(fā)現(xiàn)，很多自信且健談的高管和專(zhuān)業(yè)人士都承認(rèn)，魅力并非與生俱來(lái))”和下文“Dave,achiefexecutiveofCargill,madeapointtorememberthedetailsanddatesofpeople’slives,suchascolleagues’birthdays.He’dpenwordsofthanksorcongratulations.(Cargill首席執(zhí)行官Dave強(qiáng)調(diào)要記住人們生活中的細(xì)節(jié)和日期，比如同事的生日。他會(huì)寫(xiě)下感謝或祝賀的話)”可知，上文提到很多高管和專(zhuān)業(yè)人士都承認(rèn)，魅力并非與生俱來(lái)，下文以Dave為例講述了他提升魅力的方法，B項(xiàng)“他們必須努力提升它”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B?！?8題詳解】空處是段落主題句，根據(jù)本段中“Treatingpeopledifferentlywillbackfire,saysCarlaHarris,aMorganStanleyexecutive.Shechatsupthewomancleaningtheoffice,thereceptionistatherdoctor’s,theguywaitingalongsideherfortheelevator.(MorganStanley高管CarlaHarris表示，區(qū)別對(duì)待員工會(huì)適得其反。她和打掃辦公室的女人聊天，和她醫(yī)生的接待員聊天，和在她旁邊等電梯的男人聊天)”可知，本段是說(shuō)不要區(qū)別對(duì)待每個(gè)人，A項(xiàng)“每個(gè)人都很重要”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。【19題詳解】根據(jù)上文“It’snotthatcharmingpeopledon’toccasionallymispronounceawordorspilltheircoffee.(這并不是說(shuō)有魅力的人偶爾不會(huì)發(fā)錯(cuò)音或把咖啡灑了)”和下文“Theyacknowledgethemistakeinsteadoftryingtohideit,makeasmalljoke,andmoveon.(他們承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤，而不是試圖隱藏它，開(kāi)個(gè)小玩笑，然后繼續(xù)前進(jìn))”可知，有魅力的人并不是不會(huì)犯錯(cuò)，他們承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤，然后繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，E項(xiàng)“他們只是返回得更快”承接前文，下文對(duì)該項(xiàng)進(jìn)一步闡述，故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Atitsheart,charismaisn’taboutsomegrandperformance.(從本質(zhì)上講，魅力不是一些盛大的表演)”和下文“It’saboutmakingourconversationpartnersfeelthey’rethecharming—orinterestingorfunny—ones.(這是為了讓我們的談話對(duì)象覺(jué)得他們是有魅力的，或者是有趣的，或者是有趣的)”可知，上文說(shuō)魅力不是一些盛大的表演，空處應(yīng)是接著說(shuō)魅力是什么，結(jié)合下文可知，魅力和感受有關(guān)，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“這是我們帶給別人的一種感覺(jué)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Forher68thbirthdayin2019,RosaSaitodecidedtogiveherselfanunusualgift—shedecidedtobecomeamodel.Overthepastyears,shehadbeen____21____byphotographersonthestreets,eachtellinghertoconsidermodeling.Sheinitially____22____theideabecausenooneeverhadcommentedonherappearance.Butovertime,somethingbegantochangeinsideher.“BeingspottedmademerealizeIcouldstillachievesomethingjustfor____23____atthisstageofmylife,”sherecalled.____24____,shedecidedtoembracetheopportunity.Herfirstcastingdidn’tlandherajob,butthe____25____fueledherexcitement.“Iwasusedtofacingchallengesmywholelife.Iwas____26____tokeepgoing,”Saitosaid.Atjust22,shehadlearned____27____whenshecaredforhersickmother.Later,sheraisedherthreechildrenaloneafterthelossofherhusband.Sheembracedwhateverlife____28____her.At69,Saito’sefforts____29____whenshegotherfirstmodellingjobforaBraziliancosmeticsbrand.“Astheoldestpersonthere,Iwalkedintothephotographystudiofeelingso______30______,”sherecalled.“Butsoon,Irelaxed.Igotsomuch______31______fromtheyoungermodels.Irealizemypresencewasshowingthemthatyoucangrowolderwithout______32______,”shesays.Now73,Saitohasposedformanyfashionbrands.She’s______33______tohaveanewstartafterher70s.“Istillhaveplentyofdreamsforthefuture,becausethereal______34______ofmaturityistotakealeapintotheunknown,”shesays.“It’snevertoolateto______35______yourself.Igainstrength,courageandconfidencefromeveryexperiencewhereIfacefear.”21.A.congratulated B.examined C.appointed D.approached22.A.putforward B.triedout C.noteddown D.brushedoff23.A.myfamily B.myself C.mycommunity D.myfellows24.A.Temporarily B.Accidentally C.Eventually D.Permanently25.A.rejection B.prejudice C.dilemma D.trick26.A.prepared B.allowed C.forced D.persuaded27.A.toughness B.faithfulness C.tolerance D.confidence28.A.promised B.awarded C.brought D.ignored29.A.disappeared B.continued C.paidoff D.stoodout30.A.natural B.frightened C.delighted D.nervous31.A.inspiration B.envy C.admiration D.instruction32.A.fear B.pain C.doubt D.regret33.A.hesitant B.proud C.impatient D.lucky34.A.advantage B.burden C.fear D.beauty35.A.question B.reshape C.limit D.teach【答案】21.D22.D23.B24.C25.A26.A27.A28.C29.C30.D31.C32.A33.B34.D35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了RosaSaito在68歲時(shí)決定成為一名模特，雖歷經(jīng)挑戰(zhàn)，但憑借堅(jiān)韌不拔的精神最終獲得成功的故事?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：多年來(lái)，她在街上被攝影師接近，每個(gè)人都告訴她考慮做模特。A.congratulated祝賀；B.examined檢查；C.appointed任命；D.approached接近。根據(jù)下文“eachtellinghertoconsidermodeling.”可知，攝影師接近Saito讓她考慮做模特。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：她最初拒絕了這個(gè)想法，因?yàn)閺膩?lái)沒(méi)有人評(píng)論過(guò)她的外貌。A.putforward提出；B.triedout試驗(yàn)；C.noteddown記下；D.brushedoff拒絕。根據(jù)下文“Butovertime,somethingbegantochangeinsideher.”和“____4____,shedecidedtoembracetheopportunity.”可知，她最初拒絕了做模特的想法。故選D。【23題詳解】考查代詞和名詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：“被注意到讓我意識(shí)到，在我人生的這個(gè)階段，我仍然可以為自己取得一些成就，”她回憶道。A.myfamily我的家人；B.myself我自己；C.mycommunity我的社區(qū)；D.myfellows我的同事。根據(jù)上文“BeingspottedmademerealizeIcouldstillachievesomething”可知，她意識(shí)到她可以為自己實(shí)現(xiàn)一些事情。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：最終，她決定接受這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。A.Temporarily暫時(shí)地；B.Accidentally意外地；C.Eventually最終；D.Permanently永久地。根據(jù)下文“shedecidedtoembracetheopportunity”可知，接受這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)是她最終的決定。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她的第一次試鏡并沒(méi)有讓她得到工作，但這次拒絕卻激發(fā)了她的熱情。A.rejection拒絕；B.prejudice偏見(jiàn)；C.dilemma困境；D.trick詭計(jì)；根據(jù)上文“didn’tlandherajob”可知，她被拒絕了。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“我準(zhǔn)備繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，”Saito說(shuō)。A.prepared準(zhǔn)備；B.allowed允許；C.forced強(qiáng)迫；D.persuaded說(shuō)服。根據(jù)上文“Iwasusedtofacingchallengesmywholelife”可知，她一生都習(xí)慣了面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，此處說(shuō)的是她已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。故選A。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：年僅22歲的她，在照顧生病的母親時(shí)已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了堅(jiān)韌不拔。A.toughness堅(jiān)韌；B.faithfulness忠誠(chéng)；C.tolerance寬容；D.confidence自信。根據(jù)下文“whenshecaredforhersickmother.Later,sheraisedherthreechildrenaloneafterthelossofherhusband.”可知，下文提到了照顧自己的母親以及失去丈夫后獨(dú)自撫養(yǎng)三個(gè)孩子，這需要堅(jiān)韌的品質(zhì)，可推理出此處說(shuō)的是她學(xué)會(huì)了堅(jiān)韌。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她欣然接受生活帶給她的一切。A.promised承諾；B.awarded獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；C.brought帶來(lái)；D.ignored忽略。根據(jù)上文“whenshecaredforhersickmother.Later,sheraisedherthreechildrenaloneafterthelossofherhusband.”可知，這些都是生活帶給她的苦難。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：69歲時(shí)，Saito的努力得到了回報(bào)，她獲得了為一家巴西化妝品品牌擔(dān)任模特的首份工作。A.disappeared消失；B.continued繼續(xù)；C.paidoff得到回報(bào)；D.stoodout突出。根據(jù)下文“whenshegotherfirstmodellingjobforaBraziliancosmeticsbrand”可知，她的努力得到了回報(bào)。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“作為那里最老的人，我走進(jìn)攝影棚時(shí)感到非常緊張，”她回憶道。A.natural自然的；B.frightened害怕的；C.delighted高興的；D.nervous緊張的。根據(jù)下文“Butsoon,Irelaxed”可知，下文使用了轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)氣，提到了她很快就放松了，可推理出她剛開(kāi)始感到非常緊張。故選D?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我得到了很多年輕模特的欽佩。A.inspiration靈感；B.envy嫉妒；C.admiration欽佩；D.instruction指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)下文“Irealizemypresencewasshowingthemthatyoucangrowolderwithout”可知，她向年輕人展示了好的品質(zhì)，因此，她從年輕模特那里得到了很多欽佩。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我意識(shí)到我的存在向他們表明，你可以無(wú)畏地變老，”她說(shuō)。A.fear恐懼；B.pain疼痛；C.doubt懷疑；D.regret后悔。根據(jù)下文“Igainstrength,courageandconfidencefromeveryexperiencewhereIfacefear”可知，每一次她面對(duì)恐懼的經(jīng)歷都讓她獲得力量，勇氣和信心，由此可知，此處說(shuō)的是沒(méi)有恐懼。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她為自己70多歲后能有一個(gè)新的開(kāi)始而感到自豪。A.hesitant猶豫的；B.proud自豪的；C.impatient不耐煩的；D.lucky幸運(yùn)的。根據(jù)下文“haveanewstartafterher70s”可知，她為自己能有一個(gè)新的開(kāi)始而感到自豪。故選B。【34題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我仍然對(duì)未來(lái)充滿了夢(mèng)想，因?yàn)槌墒斓恼嬲攘υ谟谟赂业靥と胛粗?，”她說(shuō)。A.advantage優(yōu)勢(shì)；B.burden負(fù)擔(dān)；C.fear恐懼；D.beauty美麗。根據(jù)下文“takealeapintotheunknown”可知，她認(rèn)為成熟的真正美麗是勇敢地跳入未知。故選D。35題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“重塑自己永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)太晚?！盇.question質(zhì)疑；B.reshape重塑；C.limit限制；D.teach教。根據(jù)下文“Igainstrength,courageandconfidencefromeveryexperiencewhereIfacefear”可知，下文說(shuō)的是每一次她面對(duì)恐懼的經(jīng)歷都讓她獲得力量，勇氣和信心，可推理出此處說(shuō)的是重塑自己永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)太晚。故選B。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，總分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Themuch-lovedcartoonaboutBluey,aseven-year-olddog,hasbeenaworldwidephenomenonsinceitlaunchedbackin2018.Itsstoryisadeepreflectiononchange