第二章語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)第3講介詞＆形容詞副詞學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1.掌握常見的時(shí)間介詞、地點(diǎn)介詞等用法，并學(xué)會(huì)靈活運(yùn)用；2.掌握形容詞副詞的變化規(guī)則和比較級(jí)最高級(jí)的變化規(guī)則，并學(xué)會(huì)靈活運(yùn)用?！具M(jìn)門測(cè)試】介詞選詞/短語(yǔ)填空in,on,at1．Shetoldmeastory_______September22.2．WeleftHangzhou_______theafternoonofOctober15.3．Hecalledme________Sundaymorning.4．Mydaughterwasborn_____July1961.5．TheFirstWorldWarended_______1918.6．Ishalltakeaholiday_______summer.7．Wouldyouliketomeetwithme_______halfpastseven?between,

infrontof,

beside,

on8．—Isthereasupermarketnearhere?—Yes,thereisasupermarket______CityStreet.9．—Where’sXinhuaPark?—It’s______HongqiSupermarketandtheBankofChina.10．Thelibraryis______thesupermarket.Youdon’thavetocross(過(guò))theroad.11．ForestHotelis______thepark.AndtheparkisbehindForestHotel.形容詞副詞一、單選題1．Davidwasvery______.Helaughed______.(

)A．happy;loud B．happily;loudly C．happy;loudly2．—What’stheweatherlikeinBeijing?(

)—Itis______.A．cloudy B．sun C．snow3．Don’tshout______.Pleasebe______.(

)A．loudly;quiet B．loud;quiet C．loudly;quietly4．Mycityisa__________place.Youcanhearmany__________here.(

)A．noisy,noise B．noisy,noises C．noise,noisy5．Pleasetalk_____inthelibrary.(

)A．quiet B．quietly C．loud D．a(chǎn)ctive6．Mymumlooks_____,andshelooksatme_____.(

)A．a(chǎn)ngry;angrily B．sadly;quietly C．a(chǎn)ngrily;sadly7．MrLiutaughthisbabyin________waysandheansweredhisquestions________.(

)A．wise;wisely B．wisely;wise C．wise;wise D．wisely;wisely二、用單詞正確形式填空8．Ifeel______(excite)aboutthe______(excite)film.9．Tokeep______(health),wecandomoresport.10．Itwillbecoldbut_____(sun)tomorrow.11．Therearemany_____(interest)placesintheBeijing.12．Ithinkitis_______(wind)andwarminspring.13．Allthekidsfeel_______(happy)onChildren’sDay.14．Theoceansare_____(importance)toallanimalsontheEarth.15．It’s_____(danger)tostandinfrontofthemovingcar.16．Idon’tlikethe________(sun).Ilike________(snow)weather.17．—Whatistheweatherliketoday?

—It’s________(fog).18．Mybrotherisrunning______(fast)intheplayground.19．Theyaresinging______.(excited)20．Youcancrosstheroadwithotherpeople.Thenthe______(drive)canseeyou______(easy).21．MissLiandherstudentsaretalkingaboutroad______(safe).Sheknowshowtocrosstheroad______(safe).22．Mysisterdancesvery______(good).23．Theoldmanwalked_____(slow)inthepark.24．Look!Thehorseisrunning____(quick).【多元導(dǎo)學(xué)】【互動(dòng)精講】知識(shí)點(diǎn)一：介詞介詞介詞，又叫前置詞，表示其后的名詞或代詞（或是相當(dāng)于名詞的其他短語(yǔ)或從句）與其他句子成分的關(guān)系，介詞是一種虛詞，不能單獨(dú)在句中作成分。介詞大致可分為時(shí)間介詞、方位介詞、方向介詞、方式介詞、原因介詞和其他意義的介詞等。一、時(shí)間介詞時(shí)間介詞是表示時(shí)間的介詞。小學(xué)階段常用的時(shí)間介詞有：in,on,at,from,before,atfter,for等。1.in用來(lái)表示在較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)，通常與表示年、月、季節(jié)的單詞連用或與上午、下午、晚上等詞連用。如：inMay在五月 in2022在2022年inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上2.on用來(lái)表示在具體的某一天或某一天的早晨、下午或晚上。如：onSunday/Tuesday在星期日/星期二onthethirdofMay在五月三日3.at用來(lái)表示在某一具體時(shí)刻，將某一段時(shí)間看作某一時(shí)刻時(shí)也用at，表示“在………期間”，在某個(gè)節(jié)日也用at、如：atseveno'clock在七點(diǎn)鐘 atnoon在正午4.from用來(lái)表示某動(dòng)作從某段時(shí)間開始，常與to構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)from...to...意為“從…到…”.如：fromsixinthemorningtotwointheafternoon從早上六點(diǎn)到下午兩點(diǎn)5.before用來(lái)表示時(shí)間先后，意為“在……之前”。如：Tomgotupbefore6o’clockthismorning.湯姆今天早晨在6點(diǎn)之前起床了。6.after也用來(lái)表示時(shí)間先后，意為“在…之后”。如：Afterthat,webecamegoodfriends,在那以后，我們成了好朋友。7.for意為“達(dá)…之久”，表示過(guò)了多少時(shí)間，可以和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)連用。如：We'llstayinShanghaiforthreeweeks.我們將待在上海三周。二、方位介詞1.on用于兩個(gè)物體的表面相互接觸時(shí)，意為“在…上面”。如：onthedesk/chair在課桌/椅子上2.in用來(lái)表示在某物里面，也可以表示在一個(gè)面積較大的地方。如：inNanjing在南京intheroom在房間里3.at用來(lái)表示在某個(gè)面積較小的地方。如：atthebusstop在公交車站4.under用來(lái)表示在某一物體的正下方。如：underthebed/table在床/桌子下5.behind用來(lái)表示在某物的后面，與infrontof意思相反。如：behindthedoor在門后面6.beside意為“在……的旁邊”，如：Tomsitsbesideme.湯姆坐在我旁邊。三、方向介詞1.to用來(lái)表示前往某地或朝某個(gè)方向運(yùn)動(dòng)，意為“向…，往……到……”如：Theygottotheparkatsevenyesterday.他們昨天七點(diǎn)到達(dá)公園。2.from用來(lái)表示從某個(gè)起點(diǎn)開始，意為“來(lái)自……從……”.如：HeesfromtheUSA.他來(lái)自美國(guó)。3.along用來(lái)表示“沿著……”.如：Goalongthisroadandturnleftatthetrafficlights.沿著這條路走，在交通燈處向左轉(zhuǎn)。4.outof用來(lái)表示從里向外的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向。如：Tomislookingoutofthewindow.湯姆正在向窗外看。5.up用來(lái)表示由下而上的動(dòng)作方向，意為“向上,沿著……向上”，如：WeclimbedupthehilllastSaturday我們上周六登山了。6.down用來(lái)表示由上而下的動(dòng)作方向，意為“向下，沿著……向下”，如：sitdown坐下cutdown砍倒介詞辨析【知識(shí)梳理1】1）in,on和toinontoin表示在某一地區(qū)之內(nèi)的某方位（屬于該范圍）；ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.to表示在某一地區(qū)之外的某方位（不屬于該范圍）；JapanliestotheeastofChina.on表示與某地是毗鄰關(guān)系（兩地接壤）。MongolialiesonthenorthofChina.【例題精講】Jiangsuis___theeastofChina,butJapanis___theeastofChina.

A.to;in

B.in;to

C.on;to

D.to;on例2.HongKongis______thesouthofChina,andMacaois______thewestofHongKong.

A.in;to

B.to;to

C.to;in

D.in;in【知識(shí)梳理2】over、above和on、below和underbelowaboveoverbelowaboveoveronunderonunderon指“在……上面”表示與表面接觸。其反義詞是beneath。Thereisaglassonthedesk.Thereisanotebeneaththedesk.above指“在……之上”指相對(duì)高度，不一定是正上方，其反義詞是below。Theplaneflewabovetheclouds.Thecoatreachesbelowtheknees.over指“在……之上”指垂直之上，正上方，其反義詞是under。Thereisabridgeovertheriver.Therearemanybikesunderthetree.below和underbelow表示“在下方或位置低于……”，不一定有“垂直在下”之意；under表示“在……正下方”。Therearemanybikesunderthetrees.Thetemperaturewillfallbelowzerotomorrow.【例題精講】例1.Doyouseethekite___thebuilding.

A.over

B.cross

C.on

D.above例2.Twoplanesareflying___thevillage.A.through

B.overC.onD.belowKeys:1.D2.B【知識(shí)梳理3】infrontof和inthefrontofinfrontof表示“在……之前”，可用before替換（范圍外）。Therearesometreesinfrontoftheclassroom.inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”（范圍內(nèi)）。Ourteacherusuallystandsinthefrontoftheclassroom.Thebusdriverisat/inthefrontofthebus.（“在…內(nèi)部的前面”）Theoldwomanisinfrontofthebus.(“在…外部的前面”)Thewomenisatthebackofthebus.(“在…內(nèi)部的后面”)Thelittlegirlisbehindthebus.(“在…外部的后面”)【例題精講】例1.Mikesits____theclassroomwhileTomsits____theroom.

A.infrontof;atbackof

B.inthefrontof;atthebackof

C.infrontof;atthebackof

D.inthefrontof;atbackof例2.Thereisariverthehouse. A.between B.inthefrontofC.infrontof D. besideto【知識(shí)梳理4】方式狀語(yǔ)1）by，in和on表示交通方式用by時(shí)，交通工具前不用任何限定詞；如：bybike騎自行車bybus乘公交車bycar乘車用on或in時(shí)，名詞前應(yīng)該有冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞等修飾限定詞；在開放型或半開放型工具前用on（空間大的）,在封閉型工具前用in（空間小的）。如：inthisplane乘坐這班飛機(jī)onanearlytrain乘坐早班的火車onmybike騎我的自行車注意：步行onfoot步行2）by，in，with表示手段或工具1.with多指用工具、身體的某個(gè)部位或器官，通常用于具體的事物，意為“使用”。如：Canyoumakeasentencewith“l(fā)augh”?你能用“l(fā)augh”造句嗎?2.by表示“通過(guò)……方法/手段”，通常用于比較抽象的事物。如：bybike/plane/taxi騎自行車/乘飛機(jī)/乘出租車bysellingflowers通過(guò)買花bysingingsongs通過(guò)唱歌3.in多指用什么語(yǔ)言或材料；穿著什么顏色的衣服等。如：inEnglish用英語(yǔ)inink用墨水【例題精講】例1.YoucanimproveyourEnglish_______practicingmore．A．by B．with C.of D．in例2.Inexamswemustwrite________apeninsteadof_______pencils.(用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空)【課堂練習(xí)】LilywenttoBeijingbyplaneyesterday.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Lily________________Beijingyesterday.Mymothertakesmetoschoolwithhiscar.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）Igotoschool_______mymother’s________.Abatfindsthingswithitsears.（劃線部分提問(wèn)）________________abatfindthing?IamgoingtogotoBeijingbyair.(劃線提問(wèn))________________yougoingtogotoBeijing?知識(shí)點(diǎn)二：形容詞副詞用法【知識(shí)梳理1】一、形容詞的用法

1.

形容詞修飾名詞，并且放在名詞的前面，這時(shí)形容詞在句子中作定語(yǔ)

例如：a

beautiful

lady,a

tall

man,a

big

house

A

beautiful

lady

is

standing

in

front

of

a

tall

man.

2.

形容詞放在be動(dòng)詞的后面，這時(shí)形容詞在句子中作表語(yǔ)/主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

例如：The

lady

is

tall.

(tall在句子中作表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明lady是怎么樣的)

The

beautiful

lady

is

tall.

(beautiful在句子中作定語(yǔ)，tall作表語(yǔ))

The

beautiful

lady

is

tall

and

slim.

3.形容詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)。例如：keepsb./sth.+adj.Weshouldkeepourclassroomclean.makesb./sth.+adj.Wehadbettermakeourcitymoreandmorebeautiful.二、副詞的用法

1.

副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，并且通常放在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞后面，這是副詞在句子中作方式狀語(yǔ)。

例如：The

man

runs

fast.

(fast修飾runs這個(gè)動(dòng)作)

2.

副詞修飾形容詞，并且通常放在形容詞的前面

例如：He

bees

very

handsome.

She

looks

very

beautiful.

在“副詞+形容詞”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中，中心詞是形容詞，副詞只是為了說(shuō)明程度大小

即：very

handsome的中心詞是handsome

3.

副詞前面也可以加副詞，例如上面的句子都可以改寫成：

The

man

runs

very

fast.

She

jumps

very

high.

very本身是副詞，意思是“非常，很”，所以后面也可以跟副詞或者形容詞。4.副詞修飾整個(gè)句子例如：Luckily,theywonthegameatlast.副詞的分類及位置：

時(shí)間副詞：today,

tomorrow,

yesterday,

now...位置：放句尾或句首。如：WewenttoBeijingyesterday.頻率副詞：usually,always,

often,never,sometimes...位置：be動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前。如：Heusuallygoestoschoolbybus.Tomisalwayslate.地點(diǎn)副詞：here,

there,

down,

up,home...位置：經(jīng)常放在動(dòng)詞后面，如：ehere，sitdown,pickup....方式副詞：slowly,

hard,

fast

...位置：經(jīng)常放在句尾，如：Heworksveryhard.程度副詞：very,

much,

too

...位置：一般放在形容詞或副詞前面，如：Weareveryhappy.疑問(wèn)副詞：why,

where,

when,how...位置：句首，如：Wheredidyougolastweek?有些詞既是形容詞也是副詞

hard

adj.硬的

adv.努力地

early

adj.早的

adv.早地high

adj.&adv.

高

well

adj.健康地

adv.好

I

don’t

feel

well.我覺(jué)得不舒服;Well

done.做得好late

adj.遲的

adv.遲

be

late

for

(school)

(上學(xué))遲到三、形容詞變副詞

基本規(guī)則1.一般在形容詞后加ly,

如：quickquickly

2.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的形容詞，變y為i,

加ly,

如：happyhappily

3.以u(píng)e

結(jié)尾的形容詞，去e加ly,

如：truetruly

注：有些詞兼有形容詞和副詞的詞性，fast,

hard,

high,

late,

far等，它們的詞性只有通過(guò)具體語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷。有些以ly結(jié)尾的詞不是副詞，而是形容詞,friendly,

lovely等。四、形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)【例題精講】一、單選題1．—HowistheweatherinDing’an?(

)—It’s_____thanthatinBeijing.A．hot B．hotter C．thehottest2．Theweathergets______.(

)A．colderandcold B．coldandcolder C．colderandcolder3．Tomis______thanJack.(

)A．heavy B．heavier C．theheaviest4．Thatappleis_________thanthisone.(

)A．big B．bigger C．small5．Myfatheris______thanbefore.(

)A．thiner B．thinner C．tall6．Youare______thanme.(

)A．old B．young C．younger7．ZhangPengis______thanWuBinbin.(

)A．short B．tall C．taller D．tallest8．Jimworksvery_________,hisbrotherworks_________thanhim.(

)A．hard;harder B．harder;harder C．hard;hard9．Thetigercanrun________thanthedog.(

)A．faster B．fastest C．fast10．Youarethin,soyoushouldeat_____andputonweight.(

)A．many B．less C．more11．Whodoeshomework___________inyourclass?(

)A．carefully B．mostcarefully C．morecarefully D．careful二、用單詞正確形式填空12．NowShanghaihasbeeoneof_____(beautiful)citiesinChina.13．Whalesarethe_____(large)animalsontheEarth.14．Sandydoesherhomework_______(careful)thanTom.15．WuYifancanrun______(fast)thanJohn.16．Eating________(little)meatandmorefruitisgoodforus.17．—Annieplaysthepianovery___________(good).—Aliceplaysit___________(good)thanAnnie.Sueplaysitthe___________(good).18．Whowrites_____(careful),JimorJohn?19．Jimmyjumps_____(low)thanhiscousin.【課堂檢測(cè)】介詞一、單選題1．Theysleep_______20hoursaday.(

)A．from B．for C．to2．Shewasborn______October12th,2003.(

)A．in B．with C．on3．Treesinthegarden________yellow________autumneveryyear.(

)A．bee;in B．became;on C．bees;in4．Myfatherusually______books______Sundaymorning.(

)A．read;in B．reading;on C．reads;on5．MarywillgotoCanada__________May20th.()A．in B．on C．a(chǎn)t6．Thedinosaurisbigger______theelephant.(

)A．to B．than C．of7．—Howmanybirdsarethere________thetree?()—Seven.A．in B．on C．for8．Ourclassroomis_______thefourthfloor.(

)A．in B．on C．a(chǎn)t9．Thepostofficeisbehindthepark.Theparkis_________thepostoffice.(

)A．infrontof B．nextto C．over D．behind10．—Whatdoyouusuallydo______ChineseNewYear?(

)—Weusuallywatchliondances______ChineseNewYear’sEve.A．on;at B．a(chǎn)t;on C．on;on11．Mikewenttothefarm________StarLake________NationalDay.(

)A．in;on B．near;at C．near;on12．Theybroughtlunch________thepark.(

)A．to B．for C．in D．out13．There________manypears________thetree.(

)A．was;on B．were;inside C．a(chǎn)re;on D．a(chǎn)re;in14．What’sthematter________him?(

)A．with B．to C．for D．of15．Youcanseethebusstop_______yourright.(

)A．in B．on C．a(chǎn)t16．Whenyouwalkacrosstheroad,youmustwait__________thepavement__________thegreenman.(

)A．for;at B．on;for C．for;of17．Theboy_________ablueTshirtismycousin.

(

)A．in B．with C．fit18．Iwanttoflyaspaceship______themoon.(

)A．for B．to C．in19．Ioftengotothepark_______bus_______myfriends.(

)A．on;with B．by;and C．by;with20．Pleaseetomyparty________halfpastfive________Saturdayafternoon.(

)A．in;of B．a(chǎn)t;in C．a(chǎn)t;on形容詞副詞一、單選題1．Wehadan________partylastnight.Wewere________attheparty.(

)A．excitedly;exciting B．excited;exciting C．exciting;excited2．It'ssometimes________insummerthere.It________yesterday.(

)A．rainy;rained B．rainy;rains C．rains;rainy3．Peterhad________meatand________mangoesforbreakfastyesterdaymorning.(

)A．a(chǎn)little;afew B．a(chǎn)few;alittle C．a(chǎn)ny;some4．Itisnot________torideontheleftsideoftheroadinChina.(

)A．safely B．safety C．safe5．Thepolicemanwas________.Heshoutedattheman________.(

)A．a(chǎn)ngry;angrily B．a(chǎn)ngrily;angry C．a(chǎn)ngrily;angrily6．Herfatherisalways________.Heoftenlaughs________.(

)A．happy;happy B．happy;happily C．happily;happy7．Thechildrenare______aboutthe______footballgame.They'reshouting______intheplayground.(

)A．excited;exciting;excitedly B．exciting;excited;excitedly C．excitedly;exciting;excited8．Thisworkis_________formethanforyou.(

)A．difficult B．mostdifficult C．muchdifficult D．moredifficult9．Atyphoonismuch______thanastrongwind.(

)A．strong B．stronger C．strongest D．thestrongest10．ChineseNewYearis________importantfestivalinChina.(

)A．themost B．most C．more11．WangBingisa__________boy.Heiswriting__________now.(

)A．carefully;carefully B．carefully;careful C．careful;carefully12．Helenisa__________student.Shedoes__________ineverysubject.(

)A．good;good B．well;good C．good;well13．Look,thestudentsarereadinginthelibrary.Youcan’tspeak_________.(

)A．loud B．loudly C．quiet D．quietly14．Myparentslooked_________.Theylookedatme_________.(

)A．a(chǎn)ngry;angry B．a(chǎn)ngry;angrilyC．a(chǎn)ngrily;angry D．beangry;angrily15．It’stoolate.Mysisterrunstoschool_________.(

)A．quick B．slow C．quickly D．slowly16．Amywilletomybirthdayparty________halfpastthree________theafternoonofSunday.(

)A．in;on B．a(chǎn)t;in C．a(chǎn)t;on D．in;in17．Thequeenwalked________thecity________anewdress.(

)A．through;with B．through;in C．on;in18．InBeijing,weshoulddrive________the________sideoftheroad.(

)A．on;left B．a(chǎn)t;left C．on;right19．Mybirthdayis_______June.AndIwasborn(出生)_______4thJune.()A．in;on B．on;at C．with;for20．TheDrawingGameis______3:00______theafternoon.(

)A．in;in B．a(chǎn)t;at C．a(chǎn)t;in21．Go_______thestreetandturnleft_______thesecondcrossing.(

)A．long;at B．a(chǎn)way;to C．a(chǎn)long;at D．a(chǎn)long;to22．—___________willyougettoLondon?(

)—___________plane.A．When;By B．When;Take C．How;By23．Threegirls_________thebird_________abag.(

)A．caught;to B．catches;in C．caught;with24．Marylives________Australia,butsheis________theUK.(

)A．from;from B．from;in C．in;from D．in;in25．_________Sundaymorning,Petergoestovisitthemuseum_________abiggardeninfrontofit.(

)A．On;with B．On;has C．In;has D．In;with26．Let’smeet________twoo'clockattheschoolgate.(

)A．in B．a(chǎn)t C．on D．for27．There_____aparty_____LiuTao’shousenextweek.(

)A．is;on B．isgoingtobe;at C．is;at28．Shallwemeet_____ten_____frontofgateofthezoo?(

)A．on;in B．in;at C．a(chǎn)t;in D．a(chǎn)t;at29．There____alotoforanges_______thetrees.(

)A．is;in B．is;on C．a(chǎn)re;in D．a(chǎn)re;on二、用單詞正確形式填空30．Sheis____(excite)____(hear)the____(excite)news.31．Thecoatfitsyou______(good).It’svery______(well)tohavesobeautifulcoat.32．Allthepeopleare________(excite)abouttheshowsinthezoo.33．Benis________(interesting)inPE.Sohe’sgoodatit.34．Plant______(many)trees,theyhelp______(keep)theairclean.35．Theskirtismuch_________(big)forme.36．Ifyouwanttobestronger,youshoulddo______(many)sport.37．Theworkergotuplatethismorning.Heran______(quick)tothefactory.三、完形填空Vegetablesandfruitarehealthyfood.Itisgoodforus.Manypeopleknowthis.AnEnglishcatalso____38____this.Thecat’s____39____isDante.Itdoesn’tlikemeat,butitlikeseatingfruitandvegetables.Manyscientistsdon’tknow____40____.MissBeckyisthecat’smaster(主人).Atfirst,she____41____Dantesomemeatandfish.Thecatis____42____.ThenshegivesDantesomebananasand____43____.Thecatisveryhappy.Itisinteresting,right?38．A．takes B．learns C．knows39．A．name B．family C．friend40．A．where B．what C．why41．A．a(chǎn)sks B．gives C．makes42．A．unhappy B．tired C．happy43．A．fish B．tomatoes C．meat四、閱讀選擇Recently,anewvirus(病毒)calledCOVID19isspreading(傳播)fastintheworld.It’sverysmall—sosmallthatwecan’tseeit.Alotofpeopleintheworldgetsick.Peopleusuallyshowsymptoms(癥狀)suchas(例如)runnynose,cough,breathlessness(呼吸困難)andfever.Therearesomethingswecandotoprotectourselves:·oftenwashourhands；

·donotgettogether；·donotgotocrowded(擁