翻譯三級(jí)筆譯綜合能力分類模擬題20ReadingComprehension

Thefirstandmostimportantagentsofsocializationarethepe（江南博哥）oplewhocareforinfants.Intheearliestmonths,messagesfromnurturersconstitutethechild'sbasicunderstandingoftheworldaroundit.Thisistheinfant'sfirstintroductiontothelanguagethatshapesperceptionandelicitsemotion.

Anotherpowerfulsourceofinformationandsocializationisthefriendshipofpeers.Peersareequalsthatonecandealwithonthesamelevelasoneself,whereasparentsaresuperiors.Theheavyemotionaloverlayoffamilyrelationshipsmakessomekindsoflearningdifficult.

Muchformalsocializationisplacedinthehandsofprofessionals.Teachersfromkindergartenonarespecificallydesignatedagentsofsocialization.Ideally,ateacherisonewhohasbothknowledgeandtheskillstopresentit.Duringthecourseofteachingtheirsubjects,classroominstructorsproviderolemodelsandattempttoconveytheexcitementoflearningitself.

Inearliertimes,parents,friendsandteacherswouldcomprisethelistofprimarychildhoodsocializers.Children'sbooks,comicsandmagazinesmightalsohavebeenmentionedassourcesofinformationonnormsandrolemodels.Todayonemustaddthreepowerfulindirectornon-personalsocializationagents:radio,moviesandtelevision.Manypeoplelearnaboutpolitics,formavisionofwell-being,anddevelopattitudestowardsothersfromwhattheyseeonthescreenandhearthroughthespeakers.1.

Inthispassage,agentsofsocializationreferto______.A.themediaB.individualsC.allchannelsD.organizations正確答案：C[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Thefirstandmostimportantagentsofsocializationarethepeoplewhocareforinfants.”和第二段第一句“Anotherpowerfulsourceofinformationandsocializationisthefriendshipofpeers.”可知，agentsofsocialization是sourceofinformationandsocialization，即是信息和社會(huì)渠道。因此，正確答案是C。

2.

Theauthor'schiefagentsincludethefollowingEXCEPTthe______.A.familyB.groupC.schoolD.Internet正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Thefirstandmostimportantagentsofsocializationarethepeoplewhocareforinfants.”第二段第一句“Anotherpowerfulsourceofinformationandsocializationisthefriendshipofpeers.”和第三段第一二句“Muchformalsocializationisplacedinthehandsofprofessionals.Teachersfromkindergartenonarespecificallydesignatedagentsofsocialization.”可知，A、B、C三項(xiàng)均正確。只有D項(xiàng)在文中沒有提及。故答案是D。

3.

Thechild'sbasicunderstandingoftheworldarounditisformed______.A.atkindergartenB.intheearliestmonthsC.byclassroominstructorsD.throughinteractionwithparents正確答案：B[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“Intheearliestmonths,messagesfromnurturersconstitutethechild'sbasicunderstandingoftheworldaroundit.”可知，答案是B。

4.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Languageshapesaninfant'sperception.B.Languageelicitsaninfant'semotions.C.Languageformsaninfant'sculturalawareness.D.Languageformsaninfant'sbasicunderstanding.正確答案：C[解析]本題考查非題判斷。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句“Intheearliestmonths,messagesfromnurturersconstitutethechild'sbasicunderstandingoftheworldaroundit.Thisistheinfant'sfirstintroductiontothelanguagethatshapesperceptionandelicitsemotion.”可知，A、B、D三項(xiàng)均正確。只有C項(xiàng)在文中未提及。所以，答案是C。

5.

Accordingtothispassage,______makessomekindoflearningdifficult.A.longdistanceB.formalityC.muchindulgenceD.familyinfluence正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“Theheavyemotionaloverlayoffamilyrelationshipsmakessomekindsoflearningdifficult.”可知，令某種學(xué)習(xí)困難的是Theheavyemotionaloverlayoffamilyrelationships，即D項(xiàng)familyinfluence。所以，答案是D。

6.

Peersareoneofthe______agentsofsocialization.A.formalB.indirectC.primaryD.personal正確答案：C[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句“Inearliertimes,parents,friendsandteacherswouldcomprisethelistofprimarychildhoodsocializers.”可知，其中的friends即本題中所指的peers。所以，答案是C。

7.

______arethefirstformalsocializationagents.A.InfantnurturersB.FamilymembersC.GrouppeersD.Schoolteachers正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段前兩句“Muchformalsocializationisplacedinthehandsofprofessionals.Teachersfromkindergartenonarespecificallydesignatedagentsofsocialization.”可知，其中的professionals和后面的teachersfromkindergartenon指的即是從幼兒園開始的教師教育。所以，答案是D。

8.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTimpliedinthepassage?A.Teachersaresociable.B.Teachersarerolemodels.C.Teachersarepaidagentsofsocialization.D.Teachersareknowledgeableandskillful.正確答案：A[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第三段第二、三、四句“Teachersfromkindergartenonarespecificallydesignatedagentsofsocialization.Ideally,ateacherisonewhohasbothknowledgeandtheskillstopresentit...classroominstructorsproviderolemodelsandattempttoconveytheexcitementoflearningitself.”可知，B和D兩項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)specificallydesignated...可推論出既然是委派，則應(yīng)該帶薪的，故C正確。因此，答案為A。

9.

______are/ispowerfulindirectsocializationagents.A.ParentsB.FriendsC.TeachersD.Themedia正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。將解題點(diǎn)定位于文章第四段倒數(shù)第二句“Todayonemustaddthreepowerfulindirectornon-personalsocializationagents:radio,moviesandtelevision.”其中廣播、電影和電視均屬于媒體。因此，答案是D。

10.

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.ChildhoodSocializersB.Norms&RoleModelsC.SourcesofInformationD.AgentsofSocialization正確答案：D[解析]本題考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，本文全從頭至尾主要是列舉一些重要的agentsofsocialization/sourceofinformationandsocialization，因此，D項(xiàng)為文章最佳標(biāo)題。而A、B、C三項(xiàng)均比較片面。所以，答案是D。

Aboutfiftyyearsago,plantphysiologistssetouttogrowrootsbythemselvesinsolutionsinlaboratoryflasks.Thescientistsfoundthatthenutritionofisolatedrootswasquitesimple.Theyrequiredsugarandtheusualmineralsandvitamins.However,theydidnotrequireorganicnitrogencompounds.Theserootsgotalongfineonmineralinorganicnitrogen.Rootsarecapableofmakingtheirownproteinsandotherorganiccompounds.Theseactivitiesbyrootsrequireenergy,ofcourse:TheprocessofrespirationusessugartomakethehighenergycompoundATP,whichdrivesthebiochemicalreactions.Respirationalsorequiresoxygen.Highlyactiverootsrequireagooddealofoxygen.

Thestudyofisolatedrootshasprovidedanunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenshootsandrootsinintactplants.Theleavesoftheshootsprovidetherootswithsugarandvitamins,andtherootsprovidetheshootswithwaterandminerals.Inaddition,rootscanprovidetheshootswithorganicnitrogencompounds.Thiscomesinhandyforthegrowthofbudsintheearlyspringwhenleavesarenotyetfunctioning.Onceleavesbeginphotosynthesizing,theyproduceprotein,butonlymatureleavescan"export"proteintotherestoftheplantintheformofaminoacids.11.

Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A.Therelationshipbetweenaplant'srootsanditsshoots.B.Whatcanbelearnedbygrowingrootsinisolation.C.Howplantscanbegrownwithoutroots.D.Whatelementsarenecessaryforthegrowthofplants.正確答案：A[解析]

主旨題型。

見本文主旨句，第二段第一句：Thestudyofisolatedrootshasprovidedanunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenshootsandrootsinintactplants．(第一段談的是thestudyofisolatedroots；第二段談的是therelationshipbetweenshootsandroots)：因此選項(xiàng)A應(yīng)為答案。

12.

Theunderlinedword"themselves"inParagraph1refersto______A.plantphysiologistsB.solutionsC.laboratoryflasksD.roots正確答案：A[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題型。

見第一段第一句：Aboutfiftyyearsago，plantphysiologistssetouttogrowrootsbythemselvesinsolutionsinlaboratoryflasks，這里指plantphysiologists自己培育根用作物；因此themselves在此應(yīng)為正確選項(xiàng)。

13.

Thescientistsfoundwhattheisolatedrootsneedis______A.quitenaturalB.sugar,mineralsandvitaminsC.somerarevitaminsD.organicnitrogencompounds正確答案：B[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題型。

見第一段第三句：Theyrequiredsugarandtheusualmineralsandvitamins．所以選項(xiàng)B是答案。

14.

Rootshavetheabilityto______A.makeproteinsB.obtainfreshairC.produceinorganicnitrogenD.carryoutactivitieswithoutenergy正確答案：A[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題型。

見第一段第六句：Rootsarecapableofmakingtheirownproteinsandotherorganiccompounds．所以選項(xiàng)A是答案。

15.

Accordingtothepassage,whatisATP?A.Abiochemicalprocess.B.Thetipofaroot.C.Achemicalcompound.D.Atypeofplantcell.正確答案：C[解析]推斷題型。

第一段提到(塊)根需要sugarandtheusualmineralsandvitamins，但不需要organicnitrogencompounds，因(塊)根可自造所需的蛋白質(zhì)和其它organiccompounds；這里反復(fù)提到的organiccompounds應(yīng)包括thehighenergycompoundATP(見第一段倒數(shù)第二句)；因此可推斷出選項(xiàng)C(一種化合物)為答案。

16.

Theunderlinedword"intact"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______A.matureB.wildC.wholeD.tiny正確答案：C[解析]詞義題型。

本句意為：對(duì)于分離出(孤立)的根所做的研究為了解根和芽作為一植物_____的關(guān)系提供了幫助。當(dāng)然intact應(yīng)為：包括根和芽的植物整體，因此選項(xiàng)C為答案。

17.

Theuseofthephrase"comesinhandy"underlinedinParagraph2indicatesthattheprocessis______A.unavoidableB.predictableC.necessaryD.successful正確答案：C[解析]詞義題型。

見第二段第四句：Thiscomesinhandyforthegrowthofbudsintheearlyspringwhenleavesarenotyetfunctioning．這對(duì)于芽(蓓蕾)在早春的生長(zhǎng)很是必要，因?yàn)槿~在那時(shí)還沒有起作用。所以comesinhandy應(yīng)表“必要”，所以選項(xiàng)C為答案。

18.

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,intheearlyspring,thebudsofplants______A."export"proteinintheformofaminoacidsB.donotrequirewaterC.havebegunphotosynthesizingD.obtainorganiccompoundsfromtheroot正確答案：D[解析]推斷題型。

見第二段第三、四句：根為芽提供有機(jī)氮，這對(duì)于芽(蓓蕾)在早春的生長(zhǎng)很是必要，因?yàn)槿~在那時(shí)還沒有起作用。因此可推斷出：在那時(shí)，植物的芽是從根處獲得有機(jī)化合物的：所以選項(xiàng)D為答案。

19.

Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthepassage?A.Theresultsoftwoexperimentsarecompared.B.Ageneralizationismade,andseveralexamplesofitaregiven.C.Thefindingsofanexperimentareexplained.D.Ahypothesisispresented,andseveralmeansofprovingitaresuggested.正確答案：C[解析]主旨題型。

第二段第一句為本文的主旨。而這是植物生理學(xué)家通過研究種植在實(shí)驗(yàn)瓶中的根，及在此基礎(chǔ)上研究根、芽作為植物整體間的關(guān)系取得的；本文對(duì)此作了較詳盡的解釋。因此選項(xiàng)C為答案。

20.

Whereisthispassagelikelytobefound?A.Anewsletter.B.Amagazine.C.Astorybook.D.Anovel.正確答案：B[解析]推斷題型。

根據(jù)本篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和文體，不可能是一篇時(shí)事通訊(因發(fā)生在大約50年前)，也不會(huì)是一篇故事或小說；在此只可能是發(fā)表在一份專業(yè)刊物上，因此選項(xiàng)B為答案。

Globalization"Rethink"Urged

國(guó)際化的“反思”

byMeganMcCloskey

People,notmarkets,shouldbethefocusofglobalization,accordingtoareportreleasedyesterdaybytheInternationalLaborOrganization.

"Webelievethedominantperspectiveonglobalizationmustshiftfromanarrowpreoccupationwithmarketstoabroaderpreoccupationwithpeople,"saidPresidentTarjaHalonenofFinlandandPresidentBenjaminWilliamMkapaofTanzania,co-chairpersonsofthecommissionthatconductedthestudy.

TheILOcommissioned26political,laborandeconomicleaderstosurveyopinionsincountriesandprepareproposalstobetteraddressglobalizationissues.Theresultsareoutlinedinthereport,"AFairGlobalization:CreatingOpportunitiesforAll."

"Thefutureofourcountries,andthedestinyofourglobe,demandthatweallrethinkglobalization,"Mrs.HalonenandMr.Mkapasaid.

Thecommissionsaysthesocialdynamicsofglobalizationoftenaredisregardedbygovernmentsandinstitutionsandthatstepsneedtobetakentoincorporatesocialissuesintothepublicdebate.

ButBillMurray,spokesmanfortheInternationalMonetaryFund,arguedthatsocialdevelopmenthasbeenconsideredbytheIMFandindocumentssuchastheUnitedNationsMillenniumDeclaration,abroadmissionstatementissuedbytheworldbodytomarkthenewmillennium.

"It'sbeenprettyclearinrecentyearsthatsocialdevelopmenttakesaprominentrole,"hesaid.

TheILOreportsaidthereisaneedforinternationalorganizationsdealingwithdevelopmenttocoordinatetheirpolicies.Theseparateagendasoftheorganizationssometimesundermineeachother,itsaid.

TheauthorssaidtheUnitedNationsisbestequippedtohandlethatcoordination.

Globalizationisoccurringwithoutpropergovernancetoguideit,thereportsaid.Itrecommendsaglobalizationforumthatwouldbringtogetherthemajoractors,suchastheIMF,theWorldBankandtheUnitedNationsamongothers,toformulatepolicyinitiatives.Thisforumalsowouldproducea"StateofGlobalization"annualreview.

"ThereisarathergreatdisjunctbetweentheinstitutionscreatedafterWorldWarⅡandtheneedsforthefuture,"saidJohnSewell,aseniorscholarattheWoodrowWilsonInternationalCenterforScholars.

Mr.Sewellsaidpoliticalleadersholdthekeytoreachingaglobalconsensusonsocialissues."Thoseinstitutionsarereallythepropertyoftheirmembers.Untiltheheadsofgovernmentdecidetheywanttodothings,it'shardforthemtodoitthemselves."

Internationalorganizationsneedtobetterreflecttheneedsandvoicesofthesmallnationswhotypicallylackinfluenceintheglobalsphere,thereportsaid.Onereasonforthelackofglobalgovernanceisthedisparityinpower,whichtypicallyissharedonlyamongthedevelopednations.

U.N.Secretary-GeneralKofiAnnansaidinhisreportontheU.N.MillenniumDeclaration,"Myownviewisthatmemberstatesneedatleasttotakeahardlookattheexistingarchitectureofinternationalinstitutionsandtoaskthemselveswhetheritisadequateforthetaskswehavesetbeforeus."21.

Theneedtorethinkglobalizationcomesfromthefactthat______.A.emphasishasalwaysbeenundulylaidonmarketsattheexpenseofpeopleB.thefutureoftheworldisundergreatthreatC.peoplearenottreatedequallyD.26leaderswerecommissionedtosurveyglobalizationissues正確答案：A

22.

BillMurraydisagreedwiththeILOcommissionfor______.A.socialdevelopmentisnotaresponsibilityofILOB.theIMFhasincorporatedthesocialdevelopmentissueintoitsworkC.thereisnothingmoretodoregardingsocialdevelopmentD.socialdevelopmentisanon-goingissue正確答案：B

23.

TheILOreportsuggestedthatharmonyacrossmajorinternationalorganizationswasneededto______.A.maketheUnitedNationsfunctionatitsbestB.bringaboutnecessarychangesinglobalgovernanceC.preventinconsistencyintheirpolicyformulationD.coordinatetheshiftofemphasisfromrichtopoorcountries正確答案：C

24.

JohnSewellindicatedthat______.A.internationalorganizationsdisagreedwitheachothergreatlyB.theUnitedNationsinstitutionswerenotfulfillingtheirfunctionsC.therewasaneedtoreformtheinstitutionswithaviewtofutureneedsD.politicalleaderswereunwillingtoinvolvethemselvesinsocialissues正確答案：C

25.

Inhisstatement,KofiAnnan'sexpressedconcernover______.A.theinadequacyofworkdonebyinternationalinstitutionsB.thecurrentofficepremisesforinternationalinstitutionstocarryouttheirjobsefficientlyC.thefeasibilityoftheILOreportD.thecompositionoftheUnitedNations正確答案：A

Cooperationisthecommonendeavoroftwoormorepeopletoperformataskorreachajointlycherishedgoal.Likecompetitionandconflict,therearedifferentformsofcooperation,basedongrouporganizationandattitudes.

Inthefirstform,knownasprimarycooperation,groupandindividualunite.Thegroupcontainsnearlyallofeachindividual'slife.Therewardsofthegroup'sworkaresharedwitheachmember.Thereisaninterlockingidentityofindividual,group,andtaskperformed.Meansandgoalsbecomeone,forcooperationitselfisvalued.

Whileprimarycooperationismostoftencharacteristicofpreliteratesocieties,secondarycooperationischaracteristicofmanymodernsocieties.Insecondarycooperation,individualsdevoteonlypartoftheirlivestothegroup.Cooperationitselfisnotavalue.Mostmembersofthegroupfeelloyalty,butthewelfareofthegroupisnotthefirstconsideration.Membersperformtaskssothattheycanseparatelyenjoythefruitsoftheircooperationintheformofsalary,prestige,orpower.Businessofficesandprofessionalathleticteamsareexamplesofsecondarycooperation.

Inthethirdtype,calledtertiarycooperationoraccommodation,latentconflictunderliesthesharedwork.Theattitudesofthecooperatingpartiesarepurelyopportunistic;theorganizationislooseandfragile.Accommodationinvolvescommonmeanstoachieveantagonisticgoals;itbreaksdownwhenthecommonmeansceasetoaideachpartyinreachingitsgoals.Thisisnot,strictlyspeaking,cooperationatall,andhencethesomewhatcontradictorytermantagonisticcooperationissometimesusedforthisrelationship.26.

Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinParagraph1ofthepassage?A.Toexplainhowcooperationdiffersfromcompetitionandconflict.B.Toshowtheimportanceofgrouporganizationandattitudes.C.Toofferabriefdefinitionofcooperation.D.Tourgereaderstocooperatemoreoften.正確答案：C[解析]本題考查主旨大意。根據(jù)文章第一段“Cooperationisthecommonendeavoroftwoormorepeopletoperformataskorreachajointlycherishedgoal.Likecompetitionandconflict,therearedifferentformsofcooperation,basedongrouporganizationandattitudes.”可知，此段主要是解釋Cooperation的定義，隨后又作了類比。所以，答案是C。

27.

Theunderlinedword"cherished"inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.prizedB.basedonC.definedD.setup正確答案：A[解析]本題考查推理判斷。reachajointlycherishedgoal應(yīng)與or前performatask同義或近義。后者表示“完成一項(xiàng)任務(wù)”，所以前者表示“達(dá)到一個(gè)共同______的目標(biāo)”。Prized“有價(jià)值的”，basedon“基于”，defined“定義”，setup“建立”。比較可知，答案是A。

28.

Intheprimarycooperation______.A.groupandindividualdon'thavetouniteB.thegroupcontainsnearlyallofeachperson'slifeC.individualsworkforthemselvesD.peopledon'tvaluecooperation正確答案：B[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句及第二句“Inthefirstform,knownasprimarycooperation,groupandindividualunite.Thegroupcontainsnearlyallofeachindividual'slife.”可知，答案是B。

29.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutprimarycooperationissupportedbyinformationinthepassage?A.Itwaslimitedinprehistorictimes.B.Itisusuallythefirststageofcooperationachievedbyagroupofindividualsattemptingtocooperate.C.Itisanidealthatcanneverbeachieved.D.Itismostcommonlyseenamongpeoplewhohavenotyetdevelopedreadingandwritingskills.正確答案：D[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句“Whileprimarycooperationismostoftencharacteristicofpreliteratesocieties,secondarycooperationischaracteristicofmanymodernsocieties.”其中preliterate“文字出現(xiàn)以前的，尚未使用文字的”。所以，答案是D。

30.

Accordingtothepassage,whydopeoplejoingroupsthatpracticesecondarycooperation?A.Tosharethehappinesswithothers.B.Togetrewardsforthemselves.C.Toassociatewithpeoplewhohavesimilarbackgrounds.D.Todefeatacommonenemy.正確答案：B[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Membersperformtaskssothattheycanseparatelyenjoythefruitsoftheircooperationintheformofsalary,prestige,orpower.”可知，成員完成任務(wù)的目的是他們能分別享受到合作的成果，成果是以薪水、威望和權(quán)利的形式體現(xiàn)的。所以，答案是B。

31.

WhichofthefollowingisanexampleofthethirdformofcooperationasitisdefinedinParagraph4?A.Studentsformastudygroupsothatallofthemcanimprovetheirgrades.B.Anewbusinessattemptstotakecustomersawayfromanestablishedcompany.C.Tworivalpoliticalpartiestemporarilyworktogethertodefeatathirdparty.D.Membersofafanningcommunityshareworkandthefoodthattheygr