PAGE14-單元質(zhì)量評估(一)時間：100分鐘分數(shù)：120分第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)第一節(jié)(共10小題，每小題2.5分，滿分25分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項A、B、C和D中，選出最佳選項。AScientistsattheUniversityofHawaiiatManoastudiedahugeareaintheeasternpartofthePacificOceanknownastheClarion-ClippertonZone，orCCZtofindandstudynewseaspecies.DivaAmon，aresearcherattheUniversitysaysusuallydeepseabiologiststhinkthereisnotalotlivinginthedeepsea.“Butwefoundthatactuallythereisquitealotlivingthere，andsothatwasreallyexciting...”shesays.ThegroupisstudyingtheareabecausetheCCZ，ahugeandflatareaofseabed，isknowntohavevaluableminerals.TheInternationalSeabedAuthority(ISA)isallowingthecompanyUKSeabedResourcesLtdtoexploretheareaonthePacificOceanfloorformining.However，theISAsaidthecompanymustfirstcompleteabiologicalstudyoftheareabeforeitcanbeginminingformetals.So，thecompanyemployedAmonandhergroup.Amonsaysthatmorethanhalfoftheanimalstheycollectedwerecompletelynewtoscience.Hergroupdiscoverednotonlynewspecies，butnewgenera(動植物的屬)ofanimals.BiologicaloceanographerPaulSnelgrovesaysthatfindingnewspeciesinthedeepoceaniscommon.But，hesaid，findinganewgenus“isreallygreat”．Amonwarnsthatifmininghappensacrossthewholearea，theecosystemwouldbelargelydestroyed.But，shesays，wewillfindtheleastdamagingwaytomakeminingpossible.“Thereisasortofscientificpushtotryandslowthingsdownabitsothatthesciencecanbedonebefore...soitcanbedonewiththeleastinfluencepossible...”shesays.“It'slikelywearegoingtodevelopatleastsomepartsofthesedeepoceanenvironmentsanddoitinawaythat'sgoingtominimize(最小化)ourinfluence，”saysPaul.【語篇解讀】本文是一則新聞報道?？茖W家在太平洋發(fā)覺數(shù)量驚人的新物種。1．WhatdidscientiststrytofindoutintheCCZ?A．Whetherthereislife.B．Whethertherearevaluableminerals.C．Whatsealifeexiststhere.D．Whatmetalslieundertheseafloor.解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“Scientists...studied...CCZtofindandstudynewseaspecies”可知，科學家探測CCZ是為了探討這個區(qū)域的海洋生物。答案：C2．WhatisAmon'sattitudetowardsminingtheCCZ?A．Careful. B．Doubtful.C．Unsupportive. D．Uninterested.解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“But，shesays，wewillfindtheleastdamagingwaytomakeminingpossible”可知，她對于CCZ這個區(qū)域的開采持謹慎看法。答案：A3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthetextreferto?A．Mining.B．Ascientificpush.C．Findingtheleastdamagingway.D．Developingtheoceanenvironments.解析：詞義揣測題。該段承接上一段中的“findtheleastdamagingwaytomakeminingpossible”來接著說明在開采前須要進行科學探討，因此it在此指代mining。畫線詞后的“withtheleastinfluencepossible”與上一段中的“theleastdamagingway”相互呼應。答案：ABSirJohnGurdon，aBritishscientist，whowontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein2012，saidhehadpredictedatthetimeofhisfrogexperimentsthatthesuccessfulcloningofamammalwouldhappenwithin50years，andthat“maybethesameanswerisappropriate”forthesteptohumancloning.Parentswholosechildreninaccidentsmaybeabletoclone“copies”toreplacethemthen.Althoughanyattempttocloneanentirehumanwouldraisecomplexmoralissues，thebiologistclaimedpeoplewouldsoonovercometheirconcernsifthetechniquebecamemedicallyuseful.CloningwasregardedwithextremedoubtswhenitwasfirstdevelopedbutbecamewidelyacceptedafterthebirthofLouiseBrown，thefirst“test-tubebaby”．Hesaid，“Whenmyfirstfrogexperimentsweredone，anAmericanreporteraskedhowlongitwouldbebeforethesethingscouldbedoneinmammalsorhumans.Isaid，‘Well，itcouldbeanytimebetween10yearsand100years—howabout50years？’Itturnedoutthatitwasn'tfaroffthemarkasfarasDollywasconcerned.Maybethesameanswerisappropriate.”SirJohnaddedthatcloningahumanbeingeffectivelymeansmakinganidenticaltwin，anddoctorswouldthereforesimplybe“copyingwhatnaturehasalreadyproduced”．Theaveragevoteonallowingparentsofdeceasedchildren，whoarenolongerfertile(能生育的)，tocreateanotherbyusingthemother'seggsandskincellsfromthefirstchild，thinkingthetechniquewassafeandeffective，is60percentinfavour.Thereasonsfor“no”areusuallythatthenewchildrenwouldfeeltheyaresomesortofreplacementsforsomething.【語篇解讀】諾貝爾生理學或醫(yī)學獎得主、英國科學家約翰·格登爵士稱，那些在事故中失去子女的父母將能在將來50年內(nèi)借助克隆技術，讓他們的子女得到“重生”。4．Accordingtothetext，whichstatementisNOTtrue?A．LouiseBrownisthefirst“test-tubebaby”．B．Humancloningisstillacontroversialtopic.C．SirJohnispositiveaboutthefutureofhumancloning.D．Humancloningiscreatingsomethingthatdidn'texistbefore.解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“afterthebirthofLouiseBrown，thefirst‘test-tubebaby’”可解除A項；依據(jù)文章尾段可知贊成者占6成，故解除B項；依據(jù)其次段中格登爵士的話可知，他對克隆人充溢了希望，故解除C項；依據(jù)其次段的尾句可知，D項表述不正確。答案：D5．Theunderlinedword“identical”probablymeans“________”．A．same B．specialC．new D．clear解析：詞義揣測題。依據(jù)畫線詞后的“twin”和文中的“doctorswouldthereforesimplybe‘copyingwhatnaturehasalreadyproduced’”可知，A項正確。答案：A6．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________．A．mostpeoplecastdoubtonJohn'sexperimentsB．humancloningisandwillbeonlyadreamC．fewchildrenlovetobeclonedinthefutureD．humancloningmayberealizedsomeday解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章其次段的第一句可知，雖然克隆人類的嘗試將引起困難的道德問題，但是生物學家聲稱假如克隆技術變得有醫(yī)學價值，人們很快就會消退他們的擔憂，故選D。答案：DCDoyousupposeDarwin，oneofthegreatestscientistsofalltime，reallydidfoolishexperiments？Ordidhedoexperimentsthatweresosimpleandbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywerefoolish?Sometimes，peoplethinktheyalreadyknowtheanswertoaquestionorthesolutiontoaproblem.Sometimes，theyreallydoknowananswerorasolution，butwithoutthinkingtheyareimportant.CharlesDarwindidn'tsettlefor(滿意于)justthinkingheknewsomething.Andhebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe.Supposeyoudropsheetsofpaperthatareofexactlythesamesizeandshape.Ifyoudropthematthesametimeinthesameplace，theywillfallinthesameway.Nowmakeoneofthesheetsofpaperintoatightlittleballandletitdropalongwiththeothersheets.Whathappens？Youhavedoneanexperimentthatissosimplethatyoumightthinkitcouldn'tbeworthanything.Butthissimpleexperimentisimportant.Itexplainspartofourpresent-dayunderstandingsofphysicsthatwereworkedoutlongagobyGalileoandNewton.Andtheseunderstandingsset__asidesomeofancientGreekphysics.Scientistssometimesstoptolookatverysimplethingsandtothinkveryhardaboutthem.Eventhesimplestidea，whichwemightthinkisfoolish，canshakethefoundationsofscience.【語篇解讀】最簡潔的事情都可能動搖科學的根基，我們要留意身邊的每一件事，哪怕它特別簡潔。7．ThepassagetellsusthatCharlesDarwin________．A．wasagreatEnglishscientistB．a(chǎn)lwayslikeddoingtheexperimentsthatothersthoughtdifficultC．thoughteventhesimplestthingwasimportantD．didn'tgetonwellwithothers解析：推理推斷題。短文并沒有說查爾斯·達爾文是哪個國家的科學家，可解除A項；由第一、二段可知，別人認為達爾文的很多試驗太簡潔不值得做，可解除B項；文中沒有論述達爾文與別人相處的事情，可解除D項。由第三段中“hebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe”可推出答案為C。答案：C8．Theunderlinedphrase“setaside”mostprobablymeans“________”．A．throwaway B．storeupC．puttouse D．realize解析：詞義揣測題。結(jié)合文意可知，作者認為做簡潔試驗是重要的，它說明了目前人們對于物理方面的部分理解，這些理解推翻了一些希臘古典物理學的觀點。由此可推知setaside與throwaway同義。答案：A9．Theauthorofthepassagetriesto________．A．convinceusthatCharlesDarwin，GalileoandNewtonarethegreatestscientistsintheworldB．drawtheconclusionthatbasicsciencesaresimplethingsC．provethattwosheetsofpaper，withthesamesizeandshape，willfallatthesamespeedD．drawourattentiontoeverydayhappeningsaroundus解析：主旨大意題。短文的最終一段點明最簡潔的事情都可能動搖科學的根基，意在告知我們要留意身邊的每一件事，哪怕它特別簡潔。答案：D10．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Darwinreallydidfoolishexperiments.B．Accordingtosomepeople，Darwindidfoolishexperiments.C．Itisbelievedbyallthepeoplethatthingscouldbeimportantthoughtheyseemedtobesimple.D．GalileoandNewtonworkedoutancientGreekphysics.解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。文章第一段其次句明確告知我們，其他人認為達爾文做了愚蠢的試驗。答案：B其次節(jié)(共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分)依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Beforetherewasthewrittenword，therewasthelanguageofdance.Danceexpressesloveandhate，joyandsorrow，lifeanddeath，andeverythingelseinbetween.11．________WedancefromFloridatoAlaska，fromnorthtosouthandseatosea.Wedanceatweddings，birthdays，officepartiesandjusttofillthetime.“Iadoredancing，”saysLesterBridges，theownerofadancestudioinIowa.“Ican'timaginedoinganythingelsewithmylife.”Bridgesrunsdanceclassesforallages.“Teachingdanceiswonderful.12.________It'sgreattowatchthem.Formanyofthem，it'sawayofmeetingpeopleandhavingasociallife.”13．________“Icantellyouaboutoneyoungcouple，”saysBridges.“They'relearningtodotraditionaldances.Theyarriveattheclassinlowspiritsandtheyleavewithasmile.14.________”So，dowedanceinordertomakeourselvesfeelbetter，calmer，healthier？AndreaHilliersays，“Dance，likethepatternofabeatingheart，islife.Evenafteralltheseyears，Iwanttogetbetterandbetter.15.________Ifindithardtostop！DancingremindsmeI'malive.”A．Sowhydowedance?B．DanceintheUSiseverywhere.C．Ifyoulikedancingoutdoors，cometoAmerica.D．Myolderstudentssayitmakesthemfeelyoung.E．IkeeppracticingevenwhenI'mextremelytired.F．Dancingseemstochangetheirfeelingcompletely.G．Theystayedupallnightlongsinginganddancing.【語篇解讀】本文介紹了美國的一位舞蹈愛好者李斯特·布里奇斯，他開辦舞蹈班教其他人跳舞，自己也始終在跳舞的故事。11．解析：依據(jù)空后的內(nèi)容可知，該段重點說明在美國隨時隨地都可以跳舞，所以B項“在美國到處都是舞蹈”適合作該段主旨句。答案：B12．解析：依據(jù)空前的“Bridgesrunsdanceclassesforallages.”可知，布里奇斯開辦各個年齡段的舞蹈班；再結(jié)合后面一句“It'sgreattowatchthem.”可知，此處說明年齡較大的學生感覺通過跳舞變得更年輕了?？蘸竺娴膖hem和選項D中的olderstudents相對應，故選D項。答案：D13．解析：這是一個過渡句。空后的內(nèi)容主要說明跳舞帶來的好處，所以選A項。答案：A14．解析：依據(jù)空前一句“Theyarriveattheclassinlowspiritsandtheyleavewithasmile.”可知，參與舞蹈班學習好像完全變更了他們的心情。故選F項。答案：F15．解析：依據(jù)空后一句“Ifindithardtostop！”可知，前一句應當是說“即使我極為疲乏時也接著練習跳舞”，故E項符合語境。答案：E其次部分英語學問運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Asachild，Billwasuntidy.Ithasbeensaidthatinorderto____16____this，hismumdrewup____17____clothingplansforhim.OnMondayshemightgotoschoolinblue...onThursdaysinblack，andsoon.Weekendmeal____18____mightalsobeplannedindetail.PeoplearoundBill____19____thathewasexceptional.Oneofhisfriendsrecalled，“Hewas____20____thekindofkidyoudidn'twant____21____ourteam.WeallknewBillwas____22____thanus.Evenbackthen，whenhewasnineortenyearsold，hetalkedlikea(n)____23____andcouldexpresshimselfinwaysthatnoneofusunderstood.”Billwasalsowell____24____hisclassmatesinmathematicsandscience.Heneededtogotoaschoolthat____25____him，Lakeside，anall-boyschoolfor____26____students.Lakesideallowedstudentstogoaftertheirown____27____，towhateverextenttheywished.Theschool____28____itselfonhelpingallitsstudentstoreachtheir____29____potential.ItwastheidealenvironmentforsomeonelikeBillGates.DuringhistimeatLakeside，Billscoreda(n)____30____eighthundredonamathematicstest.Itwasextremelyimportanttohimtogetthisgrade—hehadtotakethe____31____morethanonceinordertodoit.Computertimewasexpensiveand，becauseBillwasanxioustogetmore____32____andalreadyhadanunderstanding____33____whathecouldachieve____34____，hedecidedto____35____acompany：TheLakesideProgrammersGroup.“Let'scalltherealworldandtrytosellsomethingtoit！”Billannounced.【語篇解讀】本文是夾敘夾議文。比爾·蓋茨在少年時期雖然在生活上不修邊幅，但卻在其他方面遠超同齡人。16．A.balance B．keepC．watch D．continue解析：依據(jù)上文的“Billwasuntidy”可知，比爾不修邊幅，結(jié)合下文的“hismumdrewup____17____clothingplansforhim”及下文比爾學習成果優(yōu)異可知，為了平衡著裝與學習，母親為其制訂了每周的著裝安排。balance“使均衡”。答案：A17．A.certain B．strictC．weekly D．timely解析：依據(jù)下文的“OnMondays...onThursdaysinblack，andsoon”可知，此處表示每周的著裝安排。weekly“每周的”。答案：C18．A.dishes B．conferencesC．places D．schedules解析：依據(jù)語境可知，比爾周末的用餐時間也可能是具體安排好的。schedule“時刻表”。答案：D19．A.saw B．discussedC．confused D．recognized解析：依據(jù)下文摯友的回想可知，比爾四周人的都意識到他是杰出的。recognize“意識到”。答案：D20．A.ever B．neverC．seldom D．a(chǎn)lways解析：他絕不是那種在團隊中無足輕重的孩子。never“從不，絕不”。答案：B21．A.for B．onC．a(chǎn)mong D．a(chǎn)gainst解析：參見上題解析。故選B。答案：B22．A.smarter B．olderC．stronger D．braver解析：依據(jù)上文的“hewasexceptional”和下文的“whenhewasnineortenyearsold，hetalkedlikea(n)__23__andcouldexpresshimselfinwaysthatnoneofusunderstood”可知，此處指的是比爾比其他人要聰慧。smart“聰慧的”。答案：A23．A.child B．teacherC．a(chǎn)dult D．man解析：依據(jù)下文的“andcouldexpresshimselfinwaysthatnoneofusunderstood”可知，比爾說起話來像個大人，他的摯友們不能理解。adult“成年人”。答案：C24．A.backoff B．farfromC．a(chǎn)headof D．morethan解析：依據(jù)上文他比同齡人聰慧可知，他在數(shù)學和科學上也領先他的同學們。aheadof“領先”。答案：C25．A.defeated B．challengedC．entertained D．monitored解析：依據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，比爾是個杰出的孩子，所以須要去一所激發(fā)他實力的學校。challenge“考驗(實力和技巧)，激發(fā)”。答案：B26．A.exceptional B．richC．ordinary D．special解析：依據(jù)其次段的第一句“PeoplearoundBill__19__thathewasexceptional”可知，這所學校招收杰出的男學生。exceptional“杰出的”。答案：A27．A.friends B．valuesC．careers D．interests解析：依據(jù)下文的“ItwastheidealenvironmentforsomeonelikeBillGates”可知，這所學校讓孩子們追求自己的愛好。interest“愛好”。答案：D28．A.looked B．openedC．prided D．tricked解析：依據(jù)語境可知，該學校以幫助孩子充分發(fā)揮他們的潛能為傲慢。pride“以……為傲慢”。答案：C29．A.deep B．sacredC．full D．rich解析：參見上題解析。full“充分的”。答案：C30．A.logical B．toughC．imaginary D．perfect解析：依據(jù)下文可知，800分應是很好的得分。perfect“極好的，優(yōu)秀的”。答案：D31．A.test B．lessonC．task D．measure解析：依據(jù)上文可知，為了取得這樣的成果，比爾不得不參與不止一次的測試。test“測試”。答案：A32．A.time B．fundsC．help D．grades解析：依據(jù)上文的“Computertimewasexpensive”及下文所述他開辦公司的緣由可知，本句是講他迫切須要更多的上機時間。答案：A33．A.to B．ofC．from D．behind解析：依據(jù)下文的“hedecidedto__35__acompany”可知，他開辦公司的其次個緣由是他領悟到他在經(jīng)濟上會有所收益。haveanunderstandingof“理解，領悟”。答案：B34．A.psychologically B．financiallyC．wisely D．universally解析：參見上題解析。financially“經(jīng)濟上”。答案：B35．A.pickup B．takeupC．sendup D．setup解析：依據(jù)語境可知，此處指比爾確定開辦公司。setup“開辦”。答案：D其次節(jié)(共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。DragonHeads-raisingDay，36.________fallseachyearontheseconddayofthesecondlunarmonth，isoneoftheChinesetraditionalfestivalsastheproverbgoes：“Thedragonisawake，37.________(raise)hishead.”O(jiān)nthisday，dragons，aprominenttotem(圖騰)inChineseculture，raise38.________(they)headswiththesoundofthunder.Aroundthistime，theearth39.________(burst)withlife—grassandtreesarebeginningtoshootup.InancientChina，people40.________(pray)thedragongodbesideariveroralakeforthepreciousspringraintobreedtheircrops.41．________(tradition)，foodeatenonthisdaywasrenamedafterpartsofthedragon.Forinstance，wontonswerecalled“dragons'eyes”．Thespecial42.________(food)usuallyeatenonthisdayincludedragons'scales，popcornandpigs'heads.InShanxi，peoplegettheirhair43.________(cut)inasymbolicmovetoremovetheoldandembracethenew.In44.________countrysideinHebeiProvince，peoplewouldfetchwaterfromawellatdawn.Itwasbelieved45.________onthisdaythewellwasfullofdragoneggswhichwouldbringthecollectorsagoodharvest.【語篇解讀】本文主要講解并描述了中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日“龍?zhí)ь^”。36．解析：非限制性定語從句的先行詞是DragonHeads-raisingDay，關系詞在從句中作主語，故用which引導從句。答案：which37．解析：Thedragon和raise之間是主動關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀語。答案：raising38．解析：修飾名詞heads，故用形容詞性物主代詞。答案：their39．解析：依據(jù)aroundthistime“正在這時”可知，句子要用現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)，故用isbursting。答案：isbursting40．解析：依據(jù)InancientChina可知，句子用一般過去時態(tài)，也可表示“過去總是……”，故用prayed或wouldpray。答案：prayed/wouldpray41．解析：修飾后面的句子，故用副詞形式Traditionally。答案：Traditionally42．解析：依據(jù)語境可知，食物有很多，故food要用復數(shù)形式。答案：foods43．解析：getsthdone意為“請別人做某事”。hair和get之間是被動關系，故用過去分詞形式cut。答案：cut44．解析：表示“在農(nóng)村；在鄉(xiāng)下”要用inthecountryside。答案：the45．解析：分析句子成分可知，it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的句子。從句中不缺少成分，因此要用that。答案：that第三部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)應用文寫作(滿分15分)假定你是李華，常常幫助你學習英語的摯友Alex即將返回自己的國家。請給他寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：(1)表示感謝；(2)回顧Alex對你的幫助；(3)臨別祝福。留意：(1)詞數(shù)80左右；(2)可適當增加細微環(huán)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：DearAlex，I'velearnedthatyouareleavingforyourowncountrysoon.AtthismomentIwanttoexpressmysincerethankstoyouforyouhelp.You'vebeenhelpingmestudyEnglishandwithyourhelp，IwonthefirstprizeinanEnglishcontestandmyoralEnglishhasalsoimprovedalot.Moreover，yourencouragementmadememoreconfidentaboutmyself.Butforyourhelp，Icouldn'thavemadesomuchprogress.Wordscan'tdescribehowthankfulIam.Wishyouapleasantjourneyhome.Yours，LiHua其次節(jié)概要寫作(滿分25分)閱讀下面短文，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman，authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids，says，“We'vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict.”Bygivingkidsalotofpraise，parentsthinkthey'rebuildingtheirchildren'sconfidence，when，infact，itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand，whengiveninawaythat'sinsincere，makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents'praisehasputthem.Still，don'tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey'renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcareand