演講人：日期：關于糖尿病英文目錄IntroductiontoDiabetesManagementofDiabetesComplicationsAssociatedwithDiabetesPreventionStrategiesforDiabetesCurrentResearchonDiabetes01IntroductiontoDiabetes0102DefinitionDiabetesisachronicconditionthataffectsthewaythebodyprocessesbloodsugar(glucose)TypesThereareseveraltypesofdiamonds,includingType1,Type2,andGestationaldiamondsType1DiabetesResultsfromthebody'sinabilitytoproduceinsulinandcommonlydevelopinchildhoodoradolescenceType2DiabetesDevelopwhenthebodybenefitsexisttotheeffectsofinsulinorwhenthepancreasareunabletoproduceenoughinsulinThisisthemostcommontypeofdiamondsGestationalDiabetesIncidentsduringpregnancyandcommonlyresolveafterthebabyisborn030405DefinitionandTypesofDiabetesUnexplainedweightloss(incaseofType1)orweightgain(incaseofType2)SlowhealingofsoundsandincreasedriskofinfectionsBlurredvisionIncrementedthirdandurinationFatigueandweaknessSymptomsandSignsofDiabetesGeneticfactors01FamilyhistoryofdiabetesincreasestheriskLifestylefactors02Obesity,physicalinactivity,andpoordiearesignificantriskfactorsforType2diabetesOtherriskfactors03Age,ethics,andcertainhealthconditionssuchashypertensionorhighcholesterollevelscanalsoincreasetheriskofdevelopingdiabetesCausesandRiskFactorsforDiabetesBloodtestsFastingbloodsugartest,randombloodsugartest,andhemoglobinA1ctestarecommonlyusedtodiagnosediabetesUrinetestsUrineanalysismaybeusedtodetectthepresenceofexcesssugarintheurine,whichcanbeanindicatorofdiamondsOthertestsInsomecases,additionaltestssuchasanoralglucosetolerancetestoraC-peptidetestmaybeorderedtoconfirmthediagnosisorassessthefunctionofthepancreasDiagnosisandTestingforDiabetes02ManagementofDiabetesCarbohydrateCountingControllingtheamountandtypeofcarbohydratesconsumedcanhelpmanagebloodsugarlevelsConsuminghealthyfatsuchasmonosaturatedandunsaturatedfatwhilelimitingunsaturatedandtransfatIncreasingfiberintake,specificallyfromwholegrains,fruits,andvegetables,canimprovebloodsugarcontrolManagingportsizesandeatingregularmealscanhelpmaintainconsistentbloodsugarlevelsHealthyFatIntakeFiberRichFoodsPortionControlDietaryChangesforManagingDiabetesPhysicalActivityandExerciseRecommendationsAerobicExerciseEngaginginmodalintensityairborneexercisesuchaswalking,biking,orswimmingforatleast150minutesperweekStrengthTrainingIncorporatingstrengthtrainingexercisesatleasttwiceaweektoimprovemusclestrengthandenduranceFlexibilityExercisesPerformingflexibilityexercisestomaintainjointmobilityandpreventinjuriesBalancingActivitywithRestSchedulingrestperiodsbetweenactivitiestoavoidoverexertionandpreventhyperglycemiaSGLT2InhibitorsTakingsedimentglucosecotransporter2(SGLT2)inhibitorstoincreaseurinaryglucoseexcessandlowerbloodsugarlevelsInsulinTherapyAdministeringinsulininjectionsorusinganinsulinpumptodeliverinsulinasneededOralMedicationsTakingoralmedicationssuchasformalin,sulfonylureas,orthiazolidinedionestohelpmanagebloodsugarlevelsIncrementmetricsUsingIncrementmetricssuchasGLP-1inhibitorsorDPP-4inhibitorstostimulateinsulinproductionandreduceglucosesecretionMedicationsUsedinTreatingDiabetesMonitoringBloodGlucoseLevelsBloodglucosemeterUsingabloodglucosemetertocheckbloodsugarlevelsregularlyandadjusttreatmentasneededContinuousGlucoseMonitoring(CGM)WearingaCGMdevicetocontinuouslymonitorbloodsugarlevelsanddetecttrendsorpatternsHemoglobinA1cTestGettingahemoglobinA1ctesteverythreemonthstoassesslongtermbloodsugarcontrolKetoneTestingCheckingfortokensintheurineorbloodduringperiodsofhighbloodsugarorillnesstopreventdiabeticketoacidosis03ComplicationsAssociatedwithDiabetesAtherosclerosisAconditioninwhichplateaubuildsupinsidethearts,narrowingthemandreducingbloodflowThiscanleadtoheartattack,stroke,andothercardiovascularproblemsHypertensionHighbloodpressure,whichisacommoncomplicationofdiamonds,candamagebloodvesselsandincreasetheriskofheartdiseaseandstrokeCoronaryArtDiseaseNarrowingoftheartsthatsupplybloodtotheheartmuscle,whichcanleadtochestpain(angina)oraheartattackCardiovascularComplicationsfromDiabetesDamagetothetinyfilteringunitsinthekidneyscalledglomeruli,whichcanleadtoadecreaseinkidneyfunctionandevenkidneyfailureGlomerRulosclerosisThepresenceofexcessprocessintheurine,whichisasignofkidneydamageProteinThelossofkidneyfunction,whichmayrequirediagnosisorakidneytransferRenalFailureNephropathy(KidneyDisease)fromDiabetesRetinopathy(EyeDisease)fromDiabetesSwellingofthemacaula,thecentralpartoftheretinaresponsiblefordetailedvision,whichcanleadtoblurredordamagedvisionMacularEdemaEarlystageofdiabeticretinopathycharacterizedbymicroeurology,hemorrages,and/orexcludatesintheretinaNonproliferativeretinopathyAdvancedstageofdiabeticretinopathyinwhichnew,abnormalbloodvesselsgrowonthesurfaceoftheretinaandcanleadtoretinaldetachmentandblindnessProgressiveRetinopathyNeuropathy(NerveDamage)fromDiabetesPeripheralNeuropathyDamagetothenervesthatcarryinformationtoandfromthebrainandspinalcordtotherestofthebody,leadingtonumbness,pain,andweaknessinthelimbsAutonomousNeuropathyDamagetothenervesthatcontrolsinvasivebodyfunctionssuchasheartrate,bloodpressure,digestion,andbladerfunctionProximalNeuropathyAlsoknownasdiabeticamylopathy,thistypeofneurologicaleffectsnervesinthethick,hips,buttons,orlegsandcancausepain,weakness,andweightlossintheaffectedareasMononeuropathyDamagetoasinglenerveornervegroup,causingsymptomssuchaspain,numbness,orweaknessintheaffectedareaNeuropathy(NerveDamage)fromDiabetes04PreventionStrategiesforDiabetesAdoptingahealthydieConsumingabalanceddiethatisrichinwholegrains,fruits,vegetables,andleanproteins,whilelimitingprocessedfood,saturatedfat,andaddedsugarIncreasingphysicalactivityEngaginginregularphysicalactivitysuchaswalking,running,cycling,orstrengthtrainingtoimproveinsulinsensitivityandmaintainahealthyweightManagingstressReducingstressthroughrelaxationtechniques,mindfulnesspractices,orseekingprofessionalhelptomitigatetheimpactofstressonbloodsugarlevelsLifestyleModificationsforPreventingDiabetesRiskassessmentIdentifyingindividualsathighriskofdevelopingdiabetesthroughquestions,physicalmeasurements,andlabtestsRegularscreeningOfferingregularscreeningprogramstodetectdiamondsearly,suchasbloodglucosetesting,HbA1ctesting,andoralglucosetolerancetestsFollowupandreferralOfferingappropriatefollowupandreferraltospecialistcareforindividualswithabnormalscreeningresults010203ScreeningProgramsforEarlyDetectionofDiabetes010203IncreasingawarenessEducatingthepublicabouttherisks,symptoms,andsequencesofdiamondstoincreaseawarenessandunderstandingPromotinghealthbehaviorsEncouragingindividualstoadapthealthlifestylesthrougheducationalprogramsthatfocusondie,exercise,andstressmanagementSelfmanagementsupportProvidingsupportandresourcestohelpindividualswithdiabetesself-managementtheirconditions,includingeducationonmedicalmanagement,bloodglucosemonitoring,andproblem-solvingskillsEducationalProgramsonPreventingandManagingDiabetes05CurrentResearchonDiabetes要點三TargetedtherapiesResearchersaredevelopingbugsthattargetspecificmoleculesorpathsinvolvedindiamondstoimprovebloodsugarcontrolandreducecomposites0102CellBasedTherapyStudiesareexploringtheuseofstemcellsorpancreaticISletcelltransmissionstorestoreinsulinproductioninpeoplewithdiamondsImmunotherapiesImmunotherapiesapproachesarebeinginvestedtomodulatetheimmunesystem'sresponseintype1diabetes,withthegoalofpreventingorreversingthedisease03NewTreatmentsBeingDevelopedforDiabetesManyclinicaltrialsaretestingnewdrugsorcombinationsofdrugstotreatdiabetesanditscomposites,includingthoseaimedatimprovinginsulinsensitivity,reducingbloodsugarlevels,andpreventingcardiovasculardiseaseClinicaltrialsarealsoevaluatingnewmedicaldevicesfordiabetesmanagement,suchascontinuousglucosemonitors,insulinpumps,andclosedloopsystemsthatautomaticallyadjustinsulindeliverybasedonreal-timebloodsugarreadingsThesetrialsaretestingtheeffectivenessoflifestylechanges,suchasdieandexercise,inpreventingormanagingdiabetesandits