專題179BU1-牛津譯林版初中英語第二學(xué)期單元知識點囊括及易錯題分析單元話題AsiaReading重點詞匯、詞組和句型GrammarIt的各種用法知識點囊括知識點囊括一、重點詞組、句型1.tiringadj.使人疲勞的，累人的用來形容一件事，Climbingthestepsistiring.tiredadj.疲倦的，困倦的用來形容人的感覺，Iamverytired.2.stepn.臺階；梯級climbthestepvi.踏，踩，走step-by-step逐步的，逐漸的3.chopsticksn.復(fù)數(shù)名詞筷子apairofchopsticks4.raisingn.升高theraisingoftheflagraisevt.提升，增加，養(yǎng)育，籌集raisemoneyforcharityraisetheirhands5.wondern.奇跡oneofthewondersoftheworldvi.想知道Iwonderwhetheryoulikeher.6.lievi.位于MountainFujiliesinthewestofTokyo.躺lielaylainShelaydownonthebed.說謊lieliedliedYouwillneverbehappyifyoulie.n.謊言tellalie7.shapen.形狀，外形inunusualshapesoutofshape不成樣，變樣vt.塑造；體現(xiàn) whatdoyouthinkwillshapeyourfuture?8.hangvi.Vt.垂下；懸掛hanghunghungsomehangdown. Ihungthewashingintheyardyesterday.絞死 hanghangedhangedThecriminalwashanged.9.pointvi.指，指向 pointatsb/sthn.分?jǐn)?shù) points10.easternadj.東部的，東方的easternChinaeastn.東方 intheeastofChina11.service n.服務(wù)；工作ahighlevelofserviceservevt&vi.服務(wù)；任職wemustservethepeopleheart.12.Japaneseadj.日本的 it’sJapanese. n.日本人 someJapanese13.Wow,theGreatWallisamazing,isn’tit?反義疑問句的用法：前肯后否是自然，前否后肯也常見；短句not如出現(xiàn)，必須縮寫是習(xí)慣。還有一點要注意，短句主語代詞填；回答反義疑問句，答案含義是依據(jù)，肯定事實用yes,否定事實要用no;前后時態(tài)要一致，人稱和數(shù)要相符。14.We’dbetterkeepmoving.hadbetterdosthhadbetternotdosthkeepdoingsth或keepondoingsthkeepsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事15.Wakemeuponyourwayback.onone’s/thewayonone’s/thewayto與way有關(guān)的其他短語：inthisway用這種方式intheway擋道ontheway在路上bytheway順便說一下16.InthemiddleoftheancientcityofBeijingisthePalaceMuseum,alsocalledtheForbiddenCity.inthemiddleof與inthecentreofinthemiddleof指在。。。。。（時間、長度、過程等）的中間，可用于談?wù)摃r間，如：inthemiddleofthenight在半夜；也可用于指狹長之物，如：inthemiddleoftheline在那條線的中間。inthecentreof則強調(diào)在中心，在中央Iliveinthecentreofthecity.我住在市中心。17.TheemperorsoftheMingandQingdynastiesusedtolivethere.usedtodosth過去做某事beusedtodosth被用來做某事，相當(dāng)于beusedfordoingsthbeusedtodoingsth習(xí)慣于做某事18.It’swellworthavisit.beworth值得，其后常接名詞或動名詞Itcanbeworththeefforthowever.然而這份努力可能是很值得的。19.AnotherfamousattractionistheGreatWall.another又一，再一，可用來修飾單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞theother另一個，另一部分，可用來特指兩者中的另一個或者兩部分當(dāng)中的另一部分。theothers其他的。。。。。。單獨使用，特指整體中除去一部分后剩余的全部other另外的，其他的，用作定語，用來修飾單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞others其他的，單獨使用，泛指其他人或其他事物20.Itrunsforover6,000kilometresacrossnorthernChina,withwatchtowerseveryfewhundredmetres.across表示橫穿；穿過，著重指從物體表面的一邊到另一邊，也就是說從物體的表面穿過through意為穿過，指從空間的一頭縱穿到另一頭，也就是說從物體的內(nèi)部空間穿過、穿越21.ManyvisitorscomeandvisitGuilinbecauseofitsfantasticlandscape.becauseof介詞短語，后接名詞、名詞性短語或代詞，在句中作原因狀語because連詞，后接句子，構(gòu)成原因狀語從句22.Somethingthatfillsyouwithsurprise.that此處用作關(guān)系代詞，代替先行詞something,在定語從句中作主語，此時不能用which進行替換。fill…with……用....充滿befilledwith被......充滿=befulloftoone’ssurprise（n.）使某人驚訝的是23.Thelakeisverybig------ittakesupthreequartersofthearea.takeup占據(jù)（空間）；占用（時間）threequarters四分之三，表示分?jǐn)?shù)時，分子使用基數(shù)詞，分母使用序數(shù)詞，分子大于1，分母應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。onethirdtwofifths24.Therearemanystonelionsoneithersideofit.either意為（兩者中的）任何一個either…or…或者。。。。或者。。。。。either作副詞，意為“也”，用于否定句末。either作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。25.Ifeltalittlecoldwhenwewentout.alittle一點，稍微alittle還可以用于修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級Lilyisalittletallerthanhersister.alittle還可以用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表示數(shù)量Thereisalittlemilkinthebottle.alittle還可以用于修飾單數(shù)名詞，意為“小的”Tooursurprise,heissuchalittleboy.26.Manypeoplefinditpleasanttotravelaround.findit+adj.+todosth發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事是。。。。的，it是形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。pleasant形容詞，“令人愉快的，討人喜歡的”，常作定語，用于修飾物pleased形容詞“高興的，滿意的”，常作表語，主語通常是人pleasure名詞“快樂，樂事”，作“快樂”講，是不可數(shù)名詞，作“樂事”講，是可數(shù)名詞27.Theyprovideahighlevelofservice.他們提供了高水平的服務(wù)。providesthforsb.=providesbwithsthoffersbsth=offersthtosb28.MilliewouldliketosuggestIndia,andshehaspreparedsomenotesofit.米莉想建議印度，她已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備了關(guān)于印度的一些筆記。wouldlikesthwouldliketodosthwouldlikesbtodosthfeellikedoing想要做某事prepare…..for…….為。。。做好準(zhǔn)備29.Thesecondlargestpopulationintheworld世界上第二大人口population“人口”在句中作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式當(dāng)population與分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)連用，在句中作主語時，謂語動詞多用復(fù)數(shù)形式表示某國、某城市有多少人口時，可用某國或某城市+hasapopulationof…….用large與small來表示人口的多與少對人口數(shù)量進行提問時用what/howlargeWhat’sthepopulationofthecity?=Howlargeisthepopulationofthecity?二、語法GrammarIt的用法1：It用作形式主語

當(dāng)不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或從句在某個句子中作主語時，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用it作形式主語置于句首，而將真正的主語放在句尾。此時it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無詞義。

e.g.Itiswrongtotellalie.

Itisnousearguingaboutit.

(爭吵是沒用的。)〔It為arguingaboutit的形式主語〕

Itisuncertainwhowillcome.

(誰要來還不確定。)〔It為whowillcome的形式主語〕It作形式主語的常見句型：

①It+be+形容詞+todosth./doing/that….

e.g.Itisveryimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.

Itisuselesscryingoverthespiltmilk.

Itwasreallysurprisingthatshemarriedamanlikethat.

②It+be+名詞詞組+doing/that….

e.g.Itisnogoodtellinglies.

Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilmyesterday.

ItisatruththattherewouldbenonewChinawithouttheCommunistParty.

③It+be+過去分詞+that….

該句型常見動詞有：say,hope,think,suppose,expect,report,know,believe,decide,etc.

e.g.Itissaidthattheyhaveinventedanewtypeofcomputer.

ItisbelievedthatChinawillbecomeoneofthestrongestcountriesintheworld.

Itwasreportedthatmorethan170thousandpeoplediedinthe2004tsunami.

④It+seems/appears/happens等不及物動詞+that….

e.g.Itseemsthatheenjoyspopsongsverymuch.

ItappearsthatTommightchangehismind.

⑤若句子是疑問形式，就只能用it作形式主語。

e.g.Doesitmattermuchthattheywon’tcometomorrow?

Isittruethathewillgoabroadnextweek?

⑥It+takes+(sb.)+sometime+todosth.

這是一個表示“（某人）花多少時間干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主語，代替后面的不定式（todosth.），句型中的sb.也可以省略。

e.g.Ittookmesometimetoreadthereadingmaterials.

IttookhimfourteenhourstogotoNewZealandfromShanghaibyplane.

HowlongdoesittakeyoutogotoBeijingfromQingdaobytrain?

Iamnotsure,butIthinkittakesatleastninehourstogetthere.

2：It用作形式賓語

當(dāng)不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或從句在某個句子中作賓語時，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免句式結(jié)構(gòu)的混亂，常用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放在句尾。此時it仍只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無詞義。

下列四種情況須用it作形式賓語：

①當(dāng)不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或從句在復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)中作某些動詞的賓語時（如think,make,find,consider,feel,suppose等）；

e.g.TheyfounditpleasantthattheyworkedwithusChinese.

Idon’tfeelitdifficulttounderstandtheSpecialEnglish.

Hemakesitarulenevertoborrowmoney.

Ithinkitnoneedtalkingaboutitwiththem.

②某些表示“喜、怒、哀、樂”的動詞，如like,enjoy,love,hate等，往往不能直接接賓語從句；

e.g.Idon’tlikeitthathe’ssolazy.

Ihateitwhenmymotherasksmetoeateggs.

③that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句不能直接作介詞的賓語；

e.g.Youmaydependonitthatweshallalwayshelpyou.

Wouldyouseetoitthatshegetshomeearly?

Heinsistedonitthathewasinnocent.

④由及物動詞與介詞組成的固定搭配中，賓語從句若作該動詞的賓語時，須借用it。

e.g.Ileaveittoyourownjudgementwhetheryoushoulddoit.

Weoweittoyouthattherewasn’taseriousaccident.三、詞組歸納1.inthemiddleof在--中央2.ineasternChina/intheeasternpartofChina/intheeastofChina在中國東部3.beturnedintoanattraction/findherattractive被改成一個景點/覺得她有吸引力的4.bewellworthavisit//visiting值得參觀5.watchtheraisingofthenationalflag//raisetheflag觀看升國旗儀式//升旗6.oneither/eachsideof--//onbothsidesof--在--任何/每一側(cè)//在--兩側(cè)7.inunusualshapes//anundergroundcave以獨特的形狀//一個地下洞穴8.hangdown/pointupwards倒掛/向上伸展9.bepraisedastheancientcityofculture被譽為文化古城10.findit/it’spleasanttohireabicycle覺得租輛自行車是令人愉快的11.Thewatchtowerisopentothepublic.這瞭望塔對公眾開放12.Thecitystatetakesupthreequartersofthearea.這個國家城市占據(jù)四分之三的區(qū)域13.provideahighlevelofservice//servethepeople提供高水平服務(wù)//為人民服務(wù)14.havethesecondlargestpopulationintheworld有世界第二大人口15.It’stiringtoclimbthesteps./betiredofdoingsth爬臺階是累人的/厭煩做某事16.emperorsoftheMingandQingdynasties明清兩朝皇帝17.What’sthepopulationofChina?It’sover1.3billion.中國人口有多少?13多億18.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofAmerica.中國人口比美國多19.awonder//wonder(wanttoknow)//wonderfulwonderfully一個奇跡//想知道20.acrossnorthernChina橫跨中國北部21.every......每隔……22.bepraisedas....被贊譽為易錯題分析易錯題分析語法部分：單項選擇1.Is_______necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?

A.thisB.thatC.itD.he

2.Idon’tthink_______possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.

A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it

3.Does_______matterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?

A.thisB.thatC.heD.it

4.Tom’smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but_______didn’thelp.

A.heB.whichC.she

D.it

5._______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It

6.Ihate_______whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.

A.itB.thatC.theseD.them

7.Don’t_______thatallthosewhogetgoodgradesintheentranceexaminationwillprovetobethemostsuccessful.

A.takeasgrantedB.takethisforgrantedC.takethatforgrantedD.takeitforgranted

8.Ilike_______intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.

A.thisB.thatC.itD.one【答案】1-8CDDDDADC詞匯句型部分：一、翻譯句子1．有些飯店有必要提高它們的服務(wù)水平。_____________________________________________________________________________2．地鐵每十分鐘來一趟。_____________________________________________________________________________3．我想看天安門前的升旗儀式。_____________________________________________________________________________4．印度是世界上第二人口大國。_____________________________________________________________________________5．那個男孩占據(jù)了四分之三的座位。_____________________________________________________________________________【答案】Itisnecessaryforsomerestaurantstoimprove/raisetheirlevelofservice.Theundergroundcomeseverytenminutes.IwouldliketoseetheraisingofthenationalflaginTian’anmenSquare.Indiahasthesecondlargestpopulationintheworld.Theboytakesupthreequartersoftheseat.二、選擇題()1.Onthewall______twolargephotos.A.hangingB.hangedC.hangD.hangs()2.—What'stheweatherliketoday?—___________issunnyandwindy.A.ThatB.ItC.TheweatherD.This()3.—Bill,pleaseturndownthemusic,________Mum________Dadaresleeping.—Sorry,I'lldoitrightaway.A.neither;norB.either;orC.both;andD.Notonly;butalso()4.—IwillgotoHongKongDisneylandwithmyparentstomorrow.—________!A.MypleasureB.HaveanicetripC.AllrightD.Congratulations()5.Nearourschool__________somebookshopsandinourschool_______abiglibrary.A.are,isB.is,areC.are,areD.is,is()6.—WhatdoyouthinkofthemoviebyZhaoWei?—Fantastic.Ilike___verymuch.A.itB.himC.herD.you()7.—Whowasknockingatthedoorjustnow?—_________wasmycousin.A.HeB.SheC.TheyD.It()8.Thepriceofcottonhas___alot.Asaresult,thefactoriesplanto____thepriceoftheircottonclothes.A.raised,raiseB.raised,riseC.risen,raiseD.risen,rise()9.Thecave____“theArtPalaceofNature”.A.isthoughtB.issetC.ispraisedforD.ispraisedas()10.Infrontofthehouse_____abigtree.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are()11.—What'sthecostofthedictionary?—_________issixty-three.A.ThisB.ItC.ThatD.He()12.__________wasMarywhopickedupthewallet.A.HeB.SheC.TheyD.It()13.—Canaplanefly__________theAtlanticOcean?—Yes,butitneedstogo_______thecloudsforhours.A.across,throughB.through,acrossC.across,acrossD.through,through()14.Itis_______tocyclearoundGuilin.A.agreatfunB.afunC.greatfunD.agreatfunny()15.Youcanparkon____sideoftheroad.Lookatthesign“Noparking”.A.eachB.noneC.eitherD.neither()16.Whatalongway_________isfromBeijingtoLondon!A.thisB.itC.thatD./()17.About____ofthestudentsinGradeNinethisyearwereborninthe______.A.three-five,1996B.three-fifths,1990sC.third-fifth,1997D.third-fifths,1990s()18.Themuseumwillnot______peopletodaybecauseit’sbeingrepaired.A.beclosedtoB.beopentoC.bepopulartoD.beopenedto()19.Ifyouprefertheredeveningdress,you’llhavetopay_____30dollars,becauseit’smadeofsilk.A.otherB.theotherC.moreD.another()20.—Whichhobbydoyouthink____theleasttime?A.takesupB.putsupC.givesupD.makesup()21.Sheusedto____anundergroundtoschool,butnowsheisusedto____toschool.A.taking,walkB.take,walkC.taking,walkingD.take,walking()22.Nanjinglies__JiangsuProvince,anditlies____thesouthofLianyungang.A.to,onB.to,inC.in,onD.in,to()23.Actually,Idon’tthinkSpidermanIIisasinterestingasthefirst,_____?A.doesitB.doesn’titC.isn’titD.isit()24.Beijingisin_____ChinaandChinaisa(n)______country.A.North,WesternB.Northern,EasternC.South,EasternD.East,West()25.Everyoneattheparty_____themusicplayedbylittleMozart.A.amazedbyB.wasamazedwithC.amazedtoD.wasamazedat【答案】CBCBAADCDCBDACDBBBDADDDBD三、單詞填空A.根據(jù)括號中所給的漢語提示寫出單詞，每空一詞.1.Atfirst,Marywasn'tusedto_____________(筷子).2.Iamvery_______(累的)tolookaftertwopre-schoolchildrenathome.3.Inancienttimes,the____________(皇帝)haveveryhighpower.4.Ithinkit’snotpoliteto________(指向)atothers.5.The_____________(風(fēng)景)oftheGreatWallislikeadragon.6.Theyhadbuilt______________(暸望塔)toprotectthevillagefromrobbers.7.Itisasuitable____________(地點)foranewschool.8.Large______________(洞穴)isalreadyknownforthousandsofyears.9.Onlya_____________(四分之一)oftheearthisland.10.Ourhometown________(位于)betweenthemountainandthelake.11.Televisionis