★2024年3月22日下午2024年河南省五市高三第一次聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)考生注意：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)填寫(xiě)在試卷和答題卡上，并將考生號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2、回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.WhatisAliceworriedabout?A.Anupcominglecture.B.Thestudents’behavior.C.Atraditionalcustom.2.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Athome.C.Inasupermarket.3.Howdothespeakers/feelnow?A.Surprised.B.Happy.C.Annoyed.4.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Bakingcakes.B.Preparingforaparty.C.Makingashoppinglist.5.Whatarethespeakers:mainlytalkingabout?A.Peter’sholiday！B.Peter’strip.plan.C.Peter’s’cousins.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5i分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhydidTomcomehomelate?A.Helosttrackofthetime.B.Hemissedthelastbus.C.Hefinishedschoollate.7.WhatdoesTomsayaboutthesinger?A.Heneedssomemoney.B.Hejustwantstobeappreciated.C.He'sgoodatsingingclassicalsongs.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhatdidDavidaskhiscolleaguestodo?A.Attendtheafternoonmeeting.B.Arriveattherestaurantby7:00.C.Leaveearlytoavoidbusytraffic.9.Whyisthemanunabletoensurehisarrivaltime?A.HehastopickupMr.Smith.B.Hehastoprepareforameeting.C.Hehastodeliversomepackages.10.WhatdoesMonicasuggestthemando?A.GiveDavidacall.B.Skipthegathering.C.Takepublictransportation.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Howoftendoesthewomanwalktowork?A.Twodaysaweek.B.Threedaysaweek.C.Fourdaysaweek.12.Whatdoesthewomandislikeaboutsharedbikes?A.Thespeed.B.Theexpense.C.Theparkingsituation.13.Wherewillthemangonext?A.Hisoffice.B.Hishome.C.Thesubwaystation.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Schoolmates.B.Formerneighbors.C.Interviewerandinterviewee.15.Whydoesthemanfeel-upsetabouttheinterviewoncampus?AHedidn'tattendit.B.Hefounditmeaningless.C.Hehasn'treceivedanynotice:16.WhatadvicedoesJennygivetothemanaboutinterviews?A.Providingsatisfactoryanswers.B.Arrivingatthecompanyontime.C.Doingresearchonthecompanybeforehand.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whichgroupdothelistenersbelongto?A.Thefirstone.B.Thesecondone.C.Thethirdone.18.Whatproductisthestoresellingnow?A.Homeelectronics.B.Outdoorfurniture.C.Indoorfurniture:19.Whendidthespeakerbecomethestoremanager?A.Oneyearago.B.Fouryearsago.C.Tenyearsago.20.Whoisthespeakertalkingto?A.Theemployees.B.Thecustomers.C.Thepartners.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AJonathanDrori’sinterestinplantsdatesbacktohisyearswhengrowingupinsouthwestLondon.TheylivedwithinwalkingdistanceoftheRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,hometooneofthemostdiversecollectionsofplantsintheworld.Hisparentswouldtakehimandhisbrotherfrequentlytothegardens,exploringthegroundsanddiscoveringnewplantspeciesfromaroundtheworld.“Myfatherwastrainedinbotanybutworkedasanengineer,whilemymotherwasinterest-edinthebeautyofplants,”hesays,“Shewouldcarryamagnifyingglassinherpurse,andwe’dgotoKeweveryweektolookattheindividualplants.”NowDroriisabotanyexpert.He’sbuiltacareerasaneducator,focusingontheenvironmentandtechnology,andisalsoaproductiveauthor.Hisnewbookexplainsthehistoricalandculturalsignificanceofdifferentplantspecies.Usingamapashisguide,heselectedabouteightyplantsfromaroundtheworld,andeachhasaninterestingbackstorythatfocusesontheculturalsignificanceandbotanicalstructureofeachspecies.Forexample,amaranth(莧菜)fromPeruhasalmostbeenforgotten,sinceit’softenover-shadowedbymorereadilyavailablewholegrainslikeoatsandrye.However,ithasgainedpopularityinrecentyearsthankstobeinghighlynutritiousandagoodsourceofbeneficialacids.Infact,beforetheSpanishConquestin1519,amaranthwasamajorfoodstuffoftheIncaandAztecempires.TheAztecsuseditsseedsforceremonialpurposes,mixingamaranthflourintofiguresrepresentingimportantdeitieswithintheirculture,suchasTlaloc,thegodofrain.1.WheredidJonathanDrori’sinterestinbotanymainlycomefrom?A.Hiscollection B.Histeachers C.Hisbooks D.Hischildhood2.WhichofthefollowingisthemostpossibletitleforJonathanDrori'snewbook?A.AroundtheWorldin80Plants B.HowPlantsRelatetoCivilizationC.HowPlantsTellStoriesofHistory D.ABriefHistoryofResearchonPlants3.Whatleadstoamaranthbecomingmoreandmorepopularrecently?A.Itshistoricalvalue B.ItsceremonialvalueC.Itshealthyvalue D.Itsculturalvalue【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹了植物學(xué)專(zhuān)家喬納森·德羅里的相關(guān)信息。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“JonathanDrori’sinterestinplantsdatesbacktohisyearswhengrowingupinsouthwestLondon.(喬納森·德羅里對(duì)植物的興趣可以追溯到他在倫敦西南部長(zhǎng)大的時(shí)候。)”可知，喬納森·德羅里對(duì)植物學(xué)的興趣主要來(lái)自他的童年。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Hisnewbookexplainsthehistoricalandculturalsignificanceofdifferentplantspecies.(他的新書(shū)解釋了不同植物物種的歷史和文化意義。)”可知，喬納森·德羅里的新書(shū)與植物物種和文明有關(guān)。因此B項(xiàng)“HowPlantsRelatetoCivilization(植物與文明的關(guān)系)”最有可能是他的書(shū)的書(shū)名。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However,ithasgainedpopularityinrecentyearsthankstobeinghighlynutritiousandagoodsourceofbeneficialacids.(然而，由于其營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富和有益酸的良好來(lái)源，近年來(lái)它越來(lái)越受歡迎。)”可知，莧菜越來(lái)越受歡迎得益于它的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值。故選C。BEarlyinmytimeinChina,IaskedacoworkerifshenoticedanythingAmericansdothatisstrange.“You’realwaysfighting,evenwithyourbestfriend.”shesaid.Shehadneverseenmefightwithmyfriend,soIwassurprised,untilIrealizedshewasreferringtoaphilosophicaldebate.Thoughpassionate,myfriendandIwouldhardlyhaveconsidereditafight.Accordingtohim,manyChinesewouldn’ttelltheirfriendto“shutyourmouthwhenyouspeaktome”ortellthem,“yourlogicissodumb—youdon’thaveobjectpermanence”,whichisopposedtosocialharmony.Wordsaremetaphors,servingtocomprehendabstractideasorbeliefs.Eachlanguagepossessesaninnerlogic,influencinghowitsspeakersstructuresentencesandunderstandwords.Thisuniquenessextendsbeyondmerevocabulary;itspreadstothesystemofexpression,shapingthoughtsandideas.Regardlessofhowskilledonebecomesatcommunicating,orhowmanydictionariesthey’veread,theycannotguaranteethatthelistenerunderstandsthemcorrectly.Eachlanguagebarrierexistswithinspeakersofthesamelanguage.In2013,IworkedwithaBritishmanwhohadlivedinChinaforadecadeandspokeChinesefluently.Ittookhimabout10yearstofullyunderstandtheculture.EitherI’msilly,orhewaskiddingme.Icanconfidentlysaythatafterallthistime,I’mevenmoreconfusedthanIwasthen...TheconceptsandideasIlearnaboutChinesecultureexpandendlessly,andIsuspectthatwillalwaysbetrue.IfI’mlucky,I’llhaveanother30yearsoflife,lesstimethanmoreintelligentmenthanIhavespentstudyingculture.PerhapsI’mnotmeanttounderstandChina.Thereisacceptanceandpeaceinthat.Withmyforeignfriends,IwilljokeandeventeasethemandwithmyChinesefriends,IwillaskquestionstoavoidgivingtheimpressionIamfightingwiththem.Iwillembracecross-culturalconfusionandpersistinunderstandingmyChinesefriends,family,coworkersandneighbors,becausethatknowledgebearsgiftsofwisdomandjoy.Mylifeisbetterforit.4.WhatimpressiondoestheauthorleaveonhisChinesefriend?A.Hespecializesindebating. B.Heiskindofrudetofriends.C.Heargueswithothersmuch. D.Heispassionateaboutphilosophy.5.WhatdoestheauthorstressaboutthelanguageinParagraph2?A.Itsinnerlogic B.ItssignificantcomplexityCItsabstractorigin D.Itschangingstructure6.WhatmakestheauthormorepuzzledwhenlivinglongerinChina?A.ProfoundChineseculture B.HisBritishfriend’s,experienceC.Littletimespentwithfamily D.Differentunderstandingofhumor7.Whichistheauthor’splanforfuturelife?A.HewilltakeChinaasitis. B.Hewillreturntohismotherland.C.HewillbemoreseriousinChina. D.Hewillpersistinacademicstudy.【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講的是作者在中國(guó)的情景以及對(duì)中國(guó)文化的理解，說(shuō)明了中美文化的差異以及中國(guó)文化的博大精深?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段““You’realwaysfighting,evenwithyourbestfriend.”shesaid.(“你總是在吵架，即使是和你最好的朋友?！彼f(shuō))”可知，作者給中國(guó)朋友的印象是他經(jīng)常和別人爭(zhēng)論。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Eachlanguagepossessesaninnerlogic,influencinghowitsspeakersstructuresentencesandunderstandwords.Thisuniquenessextendsbeyondmerevocabulary;itspreadstothesystemofexpression,shapingthoughtsandideas.Regardlessofhowskilledonebecomesatcommunicating,orhowmanydictionariesthey’veread,theycannotguaranteethatthelistenerunderstandsthemcorrectly.(每種語(yǔ)言都有其內(nèi)在的邏輯，影響著說(shuō)這種語(yǔ)言的人如何組織句子和理解單詞。這種獨(dú)特性不僅僅局限于詞匯；它傳播到表達(dá)系統(tǒng)，形成思想和觀念。不管一個(gè)人的溝通技巧有多熟練，或者他們讀過(guò)多少字典，他們都不能保證聽(tīng)者能正確地理解他們的意思)”可知，在文章第二段作者指出不管一個(gè)人的溝通技巧有多熟練，或者他們讀過(guò)多少字典，他們都不能保證聽(tīng)者能正確地理解他們的意思。由此推知，在第二段中作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是語(yǔ)言顯著的復(fù)雜性。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Icanconfidentlysaythatafterallthistime,I’mevenmoreconfusedthanIwasthen...TheconceptsandideasIlearnaboutChinesecultureexpandendlessly,andIsuspectthatwillalwaysbetrue.(我可以自信地說(shuō)，經(jīng)歷了這么久，我比當(dāng)時(shí)更困惑了……我學(xué)到的關(guān)于中國(guó)文化的概念和想法是無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的，我懷疑這將永遠(yuǎn)是正確的)

”可知，深厚的中國(guó)文化讓作者感到更困惑。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Iwillembracecross-culturalconfusionandpersistinunderstandingmyChinesefriends,family,coworkersandneighbors,becausethatknowledgebearsgiftsofwisdomandjoy.Mylifeisbetterforit.(我將接受跨文化的困惑，堅(jiān)持理解我的中國(guó)朋友、家人、同事和鄰居，因?yàn)檫@些知識(shí)會(huì)帶來(lái)智慧和快樂(lè)。我的生活因此變得更好了)”可推知，作者決定將接受中國(guó)的現(xiàn)狀。故選A項(xiàng)。CInrecentyears,thepopularideaofreducingcarbonfootprintsbyeatinglocallytocutdownfoodmileshascomeundercloseexamination.However,arecentstudypublishedinNatureFoodindicatesthatglobalfoodmilesmightaccountforasmuchas20percentoffood-relatedemissions,asignificantlyhigherpercentagethanpreviousestimations.Thisstatementbegsthequestion:Arefoodmilesmoresignificantthanweinitiallybelieved?Foodmilesrepresentthedistancefoodtravelsfromproductiontoconsumption,withpreviousstudiessuggestingthattheemissionsfromthesemilesaretinycomparedtotheemissionsproducedduringthefoodgrowingprocess.Forinstance,producingonekilogramofbeefgeneratesalmost99kgofCO2,whileapplesonlyproduce0.4kgperkilogram.Ifthegoalistominimizedietarycarbonfootprints,itwouldbemorebeneficialtochoosefoodswithloweroverallcarbonfootprints,eveniftheyhavetotraveladistance.Therefore,reducingmeatanddairyintakecouldprovetobeamoreeffectivestrategy.Therecentstudydoesn’tcontradict(相矛盾)thisconclusion.Thereasonwhythereportedproportionishigheristhatthecalculationincludesalltransportinvolved,includingthetransportationoffertilizers,farmequipment,andpesticides(殺蟲(chóng)劑).HannahRitchie,aresearcherattheUniversityofOxford,suggeststhatatermotherthan“foodmiles”wouldbemoreappropriatetoavoidanyconfusion.Ifthestudyhadfollowedthestandarddefinitionoffoodmiles,theper-centagewoulddropto9percent,whichcorrespondsmorecloselywiththe4to6percentfoundinpriorresearch.Moreover,thestudytheorizesthatevenifallfoodwasproducedinthecountrieswhereitisconsumed,thereductioninemissionswouldonlybe1.7percentoverall.Thisisduetothefactthatalargerproportionoffoodwouldbetransportedbyroadratherthanbysea,withtrucksproducinghigheremissionspertonofcargothanships.“So,overall,thebottomlineisstillthatwhatyoueathasamuchbiggerimpactonemissionsthanthedistancethatfoodhastotraveltoreachyou,”saidRitchie.8.Whathastherecentstudyfound?A.Foodproductionhascausedalotofcarbonemissions.B.Carbonemissionsfromfoodmilesareincreasingrapidly.C.Carbonemissionreductionlargelydependsoneatinglocally.D.Globalfoodmilesleadtomorecarbonemissionsthanexpected.9.Whydoestheauthormention“beef”and“apples”inparagraph.2?A.ToexplainthebenefitsofapplesB.Tohighlightfoodproduction’seffectC.TocomparebeefandappleproductionD.Toadvocateshort-distancetransportation10.Whichofthefollowingisthebestsolutiontofood-relatedcarbonfootprints?A.Supplyinghigh-caloryfoodsB.UpgradingfooddeliverysystemsC.ReducingmeatanddairyconsumptionD.Avoidingchemicalpesticidesforplants11.WhatistheRitchie’sattitudetowardtherecentstudyfinding?A.Unfavourable. B.Supportive. C.Tolerant. D.Uncertain.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章主要探討了食品運(yùn)輸下的碳排放?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“However,arecentstudypublishedinNatureFoodindicatesthatglobalfoodmilesmightaccountforasmuchas20percentoffood-relatedemissions,asignificantlyhigherpercentagethanpreviousestimations.(然而，最近發(fā)表在《自然食品》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，全球食物里程可能占食品相關(guān)排放的20%，這一比例比之前的估計(jì)要高得)”可知，最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)全球食物里程導(dǎo)致的碳排放比預(yù)期的要多。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“Foodmilesrepresentthedistancefoodtravelsfromproductiontoconsumption,withpreviousstudiessuggestingthattheemissionsfromthesemilesaretinycomparedtotheemissionsproducedduringthefoodgrowingprocess.Forinstance,producingonekilogramofbeefgeneratesalmost99kgofCO2,whileapplesonlyproduce0.4kgperkilogram..(食物里程代表食物從生產(chǎn)到消費(fèi)的距離，之前的研究表明，與食物生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的排放量相比，這些里程的排放量很小。例如，生產(chǎn)一公斤牛肉會(huì)產(chǎn)生近99kg的二氧化碳，而一公斤蘋(píng)果只產(chǎn)生0.4千克。)”可知，第二段通過(guò)對(duì)比生產(chǎn)一千克牛肉與生產(chǎn)一千克蘋(píng)果產(chǎn)生的碳排放量，旨在強(qiáng)調(diào)食物生產(chǎn)對(duì)碳排放的影響。故選B?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Therefore,reducingmeatanddairyintakecouldprovetobeamoreeffectivestrategy.(因此，減少肉類(lèi)和奶制品的攝入量可能是一種更有效的策略)”可知，減少與食物有關(guān)的碳足跡的一個(gè)潛在解決方法是減少肉類(lèi)和奶制品的攝入量。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thereasonwhythereportedproportionishigheristhatthecalculationincludesalltransportinvolved,includingthetransportationoffertilizers,farmequipment,andpesticides(殺蟲(chóng)劑).HannahRitchie,aresearcherattheUniversityofOxford,suggeststhatatermotherthan‘foodmiles’wouldbemoreappropriatetoavoidanyconfusion.Ifthestudyhadfollowedthestandarddefinitionoffoodmiles,theper-centagewoulddropto9percent,whichcorrespondsmorecloselywiththe4to6percentfoundinpriorresearch.(報(bào)告的比例之所以較高，是因?yàn)橛?jì)算中包括了所有涉及的運(yùn)輸，包括化肥、農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)備和殺蟲(chóng)劑的運(yùn)輸。牛津大學(xué)的研究員HannahRitchie建議，為了避免混淆，使用一個(gè)比‘食物里程’更合適的術(shù)語(yǔ)。如果這項(xiàng)研究遵循食物里程的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)定義，這一比例將降至9%，這與之前研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)的4%至6%更為接近)”可知，Ritchie認(rèn)為最新的研究擴(kuò)大了“食物里程”的概念范圍，故推測(cè)他不贊成該研究，故選A。DTraditionally,manydecisionsaboutmedicaltreatmentwereleftuptodoctors:Theydecided,andpatientsagreed.Today,healthcareprofessionalsareembracingtheideaofshareddecision-making,wherepatientsbecomeinformedpartnersintheirchoices.Healthcareprofessionalsnowfocusonplacingthepatientatthecenterofcare,informingthemabouttheiroptions,andengagingthemintreatmentdecisions.Forexample,theyengagepatientsbyasking,“What’simportanttoyou?Andwhatareyourprioritiesandgoalsaswetalkaboutatreatmentplan?”“Ithinkthere’sastrongrecognitioninAmericanmedicine,oftheimportanceofpatientengagementnotonlyintheircare,butindecidingwhattypesofcareandtypesofproceduresthey’regoingtoget,”saidDr.Allen,aprofessorofmedicineattheUniversityofColoradoSchoolofMedicineinAurora.A2017study,publishedinthejournalCirculation:CardiovascularQualityandOutcomesfoundthatpeoplewithheartdiseasewhowentthrough-shareddecision-makinghadbetterphysicalandmentalhealth,betterobediencetomedicationandlowerratesofstayinginhospitalandemergencydepartmentuse.Patientsalsoreportedbettercommunicationwiththeirdoctors.Whenpeoplearemoreengagedindecision-making,theyunderstandtheprosandconsofvarioustreatmentoptions,andthey’remorelikelytosticktothetreatmentplanandtocontinuethatcommunication.Butresearchonhowtobestapproachdifferent,culturalgroupsislacking.Manydoctorscitelimitedtimeasabarrier,althoughresearchshowsthatshareddecision-makingcanbeaccomplishedevenwithinshortclinicvisits.Also,currentmodelsofpaymentfordoctors’visitsdonotalwaysagreewiththegoalsofshareddecision-making.Butunderlyingallthatisthatmedicaldecisionscanbe“incrediblycomplicated”.Makingthepracticework.onawiderscaleisanevolvingprocess.Butinthelongrun,Allensaid:“shareddecision-makingcanensurethatwithalltheamazingnewtechnologiesandtreatmentsthatwewillhaveinmedicine,theyreallycanbeappliedtomorepatientsinatailored,meaningfulwaythatmeetstheirownvalues,goalsandpreferences.”12.Whatroledodoctorsplayinshareddecision-making?A.Theyareatthecenterofcare. B.Theyaskquestionstopatients:C.Theyfollowpatients’opinions. D.Theypresentsuggestionstopatients.13.Whichcanbeabenefittopatientsfromshareddecision-making?A.Shortenedtimeinhospital B.ImprovedhealthyawarenessC.Reducedmentalproblems D.Enhancedcommunicationskills14.Whatisthebiggestchallengetoshareddecision-making?A.LackoffamilysupportB.LimitedtimeandmoneyC.UniquenessofmedicaltreatmentD.Complicatedmedicineproductionprocess15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SharedDecisionMaking:MorethanTechnology?B.SharedDecisionMaking:anIdealWayforPatientsC.SharedDecisionMaking:aFutureModelofHospitals?D.SharedDecisionMaking:AdvantagesandDisadvantages【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章主要介紹了醫(yī)患共同決策及其好處，也指出它面臨的挑戰(zhàn)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Healthcareprofessionalsnowfocusonplacingthepatientatthecenterofcare,informingthemabouttheiroptions,andengagingthemintreatmentdecisions.Forexample,theyengagepatientsbyasking,‘What’simportanttoyou?Andwhatareyourprioritiesandgoalsaswetalkaboutatreatmentplan?’(衛(wèi)生保健專(zhuān)業(yè)人員現(xiàn)在的重點(diǎn)是把病人放在護(hù)理的中心，告訴病人他們的選擇，并讓他們參與治療決策。例如，他們會(huì)問(wèn)病人：‘對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)什么是重要的？我們談?wù)撝委煼桨笗r(shí)你的首要任務(wù)和目標(biāo)是什么？’)”可知，醫(yī)生在共同決策中向病人提出建議，故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“A2017study,publishedinthejournalCirculation:CardiovascularQualityandOutcomesfoundthatpeoplewithheartdiseasewhowentthrough-shareddecision-makinghadbetterphysicalandmentalhealth,betterobediencetomedicationandlowerratesofstayinginhospitalandemergencydepartmentuse.(2017年發(fā)表在《循環(huán)：心血管質(zhì)量與結(jié)果》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)歷了共同決策的心臟病患者有更好的身心健康，更好地服從藥物治療，住院和急診室使用率更低)”可知，參與共同決策對(duì)病人的好處是縮短住院時(shí)間，故選A?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Butresearchonhowtobestapproachdifferentculturalgroupsislacking.(但是，關(guān)于如何最好地接近不同文化群體的研究還很缺乏)”可知，共同決策最大的挑戰(zhàn)是關(guān)于如何最好地接近不同文化群體的研究還很缺乏，即醫(yī)療的獨(dú)特性，故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段中“Today,healthcareprofessionalsareembracingtheideaofshareddecision-making,wherepatientsbecomeinformedpartnersintheirchoices.(今天，衛(wèi)生保健專(zhuān)業(yè)人員正在接受共同決策的想法，患者在他們的選擇中成為知情的伙伴)”可知，文章主要介紹了共同決策及其好處，也指出它面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，C項(xiàng)“共享決策：醫(yī)院的未來(lái)模式？”為最佳標(biāo)題，故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。YouralarmgoesoffonJanuary1.Youforceyourselfoutofbedanddragyourfeettowardthebathroom,whereyouglimpseapale-facedstrangerinthemirror.____16____.Afteramoment,however,youthink,“Wait,it’sokaybecausetodayisNewYear’sDay;there’stimetogetbackinshape!”Formanypeople,thestartofanewyearsignalstheendofaperiodofoverindulgence(放縱)indiet.____17____.Theyoftenrevolvearoundturningoneselfintoafitandhealthyhumanbeing.However,thefactisthatapproximately80%ofthemareabandonedbeforeFebruary.Howdoesthathappen?____18____.Whilewemayhavegoodintentionswhenmakingresolutions,wearenotactuallymakingenoughdeterminationtoliveinamorecontrolledway.Changeinvolvesadegreeofstress,andsomeonenotmentallyequippedtohandlethatstresswillstruggletochange.So,whatcanyoudotoachieveyourhealthygoalsinthenewyear?Oneideaistothinksmallratherthantheopposite.____19____.Butinrealitychangeislikelyeasierinsmallersteps,whichallowsforgreatersuccess.Anotherhelpfulstrategyistodesignapersonalrewardsystem.Finally,setconcretegoals.Insteadofmakingavagueresolutionlike“I’mgoingtogetinbettershapethisyear”,makeaspecificone.Forexample,“I’mgoingtorunfor30minuteseveryday”wouldbefarmorepowerful.Mostimportantly,rememberthatdespitetheirname,NewYear’sresolutionsshouldbeforlife.____20____,butwithsuitablestrategies,thereisnoreasonwhyyoucannotsticktoyourresolutionspermanentlyoratleastuntilMarch.A.ChangetakestimeandeffortB.Instinctively,youstepbackinhorrorC.It’sprobablyrelatedtoself-disciplineD.Manypeople’splansinvolvegrandmeasuresE.TheanswerislikelythatweshouldbeconfidentF.NewYearisagreattimetobewithfamilyandfriendsG.InDecemberit’softenjustifiedbyplanningNewYear’sresolutions【答案】16.B17.G18.C19.D20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了人們執(zhí)行新年計(jì)劃時(shí)遇到的問(wèn)題，并就如何更好地執(zhí)行新年計(jì)劃給出了建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Youforceyourselfoutofbedanddragyourfeettowardthebathroom,whereyouglimpseapale-facedstrangerinthemirror.(你強(qiáng)迫自己下了床，慢慢地走向浴室，在那里你在鏡子里看到了一個(gè)臉色蒼白、睡眼惺忪的陌生人)”可知，此刻的自己狀態(tài)極差；再根據(jù)下文“Afteramoment,however,youthink,‘Wait,it’sokaybecausetodayisNewYear’sDay;there’stimetogetbackinshape!’(然而，過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，你覺(jué)得，‘等等，沒(méi)關(guān)系，因?yàn)榻裉焓窃?，是時(shí)候恢復(fù)身材了！’)”中的“however”可知，空處和下文之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，既然下文為“it’sokay”，那么空處則與此相反，與選項(xiàng)B“你立刻驚恐地退了回去”中的“inhorror”相對(duì)應(yīng)。故選B。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Formanypeople,thestartofanewyearsignalstheendofaperiodofoverindulgence(放縱)indiet.(對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，新年的開(kāi)始標(biāo)志著一段時(shí)間過(guò)度放縱飲食的結(jié)束)”和下文“Theyoftenrevolvearoundturningoneselfintoafitandhealthyhumanbeing.(它們經(jīng)常以把自己變成一個(gè)健康的人為中心)”可知，上文提到新年的開(kāi)始標(biāo)志著結(jié)束過(guò)度放縱飲食，所以把自己變得更健康應(yīng)是未來(lái)的計(jì)劃，G項(xiàng)“在12月，人們通常通過(guò)制定新年計(jì)劃來(lái)證明這一點(diǎn)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“However,thefactisthatapproximately80%ofthemareabandonedbeforeFebruary.Howdoesthathappen?(然而，事實(shí)是，大約80%的計(jì)劃在2月份之前就被遺棄了。這是怎么發(fā)生的？)”可知，此處提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題，結(jié)合下文“Whilewemayhavegoodintentionswhenmakingresolutions,wearenotactuallymakingenoughdeterminationtoliveinamorecontrolledway.(當(dāng)我們下定決心的時(shí)候，我們可能有很好的意圖，但我們實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有足夠的決心來(lái)控制自己的生活)”可知，人們沒(méi)有足夠的決心來(lái)執(zhí)行計(jì)劃，故C項(xiàng)“這可能與自律有關(guān)”回答上文問(wèn)題，與下文語(yǔ)義一致，故選C?！?9題詳解】下文“Butinrealitychangeislikelyeasierinsmallersteps,whichallowsforgreatersuccess.(但在現(xiàn)實(shí)中，小步驟的改變可能更容易，從而取得更大的成功)”提到，在現(xiàn)實(shí)中，小步驟的改變可能更容易，空處與下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故空處是說(shuō)人們制定很多宏偉的計(jì)劃，D項(xiàng)“許多人的計(jì)劃都包含宏偉的措施”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。【20題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Mostimportantly,rememberthatdespitetheirname,NewYear’sresolutionsshouldbeforlife.(最重要的是，請(qǐng)記住，盡管名字叫新年決心，但它應(yīng)該是終身的)”可知，新年決心應(yīng)該是終身的，即需要持續(xù)的努力，A項(xiàng)“改變需要時(shí)間和努力”符合語(yǔ)境，且與下文“butwithsuitablestrategies,thereisnoreasonwhyyoucannotsticktoyourresolutionspermanentlyoratleastuntilMarch.(但如果有合適的策略，你沒(méi)有理由不能永遠(yuǎn)堅(jiān)持你的決心，或者至少堅(jiān)持到3月份)”銜接得當(dāng)，故選A。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Forthepastyears83-year-oldAlMerritthasbeenacheerypresenceinhisneighborhood.Since2010,Merritthasbeentryingtoachievethemissionto____21____thecircumference(周長(zhǎng))oftheEarth-24,901miles-withouteverleavinghisownneighborhood.____22____,Merrittgottoknowmanyofhisneighbors.UpuntilOctober24,（2021）,heneverrealizedthathisdailybicycletripswereas____23____tothemastheyweretohim.At3p.m.,nearly200peopleappearedtocongratulateMerrittontheendingofhis"round-the-world"____24____,andalargetrophy(杯)wasplacedinhisarms.Alstartedcyclingaround11yearsago.Atfirst,hisrideswereaboutfivemileslong,then10to12miles,and____25____thelengthofhisoutingsgrew.Astimewentby,hebegantothink____26____thecircumferenceoftheEarth.Bytheendof2020,hehad____27____21,565milesintotal.Therewasno____28____ofthegoalplanneduntiltwopassers-by,NatalieLondonandTaylorPlecity,camealong.TheywerevisitingLondon'smomwhenMerritt____29____byonhisbikequickly.Thenattractedbyhis_____30_____anddiscoveringMerrittwasjustweeksawayfromcompletinghisgoal,theyaskediftheycould_____31_____ashortdocumentary."Herepresentshowanindividual'ssmall_____32_____canchangeanentirecommunity,"saidLondon.TocelebratethecompletionofMerritt'scyclinggoal,theysecretlyprinteduppostersandplacedthemondoorwaysforseveral_____33_____.Buteventheyweresurprisedatthehugecrowdthat_____34_____.ActuallyMerritthasnoplanstochangetheroutinethathasbecomethe_____35_____ofhisdailylife.21.A.measure B.guess C.survey D.cycle22.A.Inaword B.Asaresult C.Onthecontrary D.Afterall23.A.time-consuming B.meaningful C.usual D.demanding24.A.adventure B.expectation C.subject D.phenomenon25.A.unexpectedly B.immediately C.hopefully D.gradually26.A.again B.twice C.big D.deep27.A.obtained B.dominated C.covered D.revolved28.A.celebration B.delay C.excuse D.admission29.A.drove B.flew C.stood D.slid30.A.speed B.bike C.route D.story31.A.cast B.picture C.film D.advertise32.A.deeds B.destinies C.reactions D.recreations33.A.cities B.landscapes C.houses D.blocks34.A.gathered B.called C.withdrew D.returned35.A.quality B.burden C.highlight D.impression【答案】21.D22.B23.B24.A25.D26.C27.C28.A29.B30.D31.C32.A33.D34.A35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了83歲的阿爾?梅里特在他的社區(qū)里一直是一個(gè)可靠而愉快的存在。在不離開(kāi)自己的社區(qū)的情況下，他完成了“環(huán)球”騎行——24901英里。這一壯舉鼓舞了社區(qū)所有的人?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：自2010年以來(lái)，梅里特一直試圖在不離開(kāi)自己社區(qū)的情況下完成繞地球24901英里的任務(wù)。A.measure測(cè)量；B.guess猜測(cè)；C.survey調(diào)查；D.cycle騎自行車(chē)。根據(jù)下文“Alstartedcyclingaround11yearsago.”可知，梅里特完成繞地球24901英里的任務(wù)。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：因此，梅里特結(jié)識(shí)了他的許多鄰居。A.Inaword總之；B.Asaresult結(jié)果；C.Onthecontrary相反；D.Afterall畢竟。根據(jù)上文“withouteverleavinghisownneighborhood”可知，所以梅里特結(jié)識(shí)了他的許多鄰居。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：直到2021年10月24日，他才意識(shí)到，每天的自行車(chē)旅行對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)和對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)一樣有意義。A.time-consuming耗時(shí)的；B.meaningful有意義的；C.usual常見(jiàn)的；D.demanding要求高的。根據(jù)下文“Herepresentshowanindividual'ssmall____12____canchangeanentirecommunity,"saidLondon.”可知，每天的自行車(chē)旅行對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)意義重大。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：下午3點(diǎn)，近200人到場(chǎng)祝賀梅里特“環(huán)球冒險(xiǎn)之旅”的結(jié)束，一座巨大的獎(jiǎng)杯被放在他的懷里。A.adventure冒險(xiǎn),旅行；B.expectation期望；C.subject學(xué)科；D.phenomenon現(xiàn)象。根據(jù)“round-the-world”可知，此處指環(huán)球冒險(xiǎn)之旅。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：起初，他的騎行距離約為5英里，然后是10到12英里，漸漸地，他騎行的距離越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)。A.unexpectedly意外地；B.immediately立即地；C.hopefully有希望地；D.gradually逐漸地。根據(jù)下文“Atfirst,hisrideswereaboutfivemileslong,then10to12miles”可知，漸漸地，他騎行的距離越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)。故選D。【26題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著時(shí)間的推移，他開(kāi)始把地球的周長(zhǎng)想得很大。A.again再次；B.twice兩次；C.big大大