PAGEPAGE1·scratch·v.

[skr?t?](scratches;scratched;scratching)·

·雙說明義·vt.&vi.

抓;搔

makelinesonorinasurfacewithsthpointedorsharpe.g.fingernails,claws·vt.&vi.

刮傷

get(oneself,apartofthebody)clutchedbyaccident·vt.&vi.

勾掉

drawalineorlinesthroughawordorwords,aname,etc.·vt.

退出競賽

withdraw(ahorse,acandidate,oneself)fromacompetition;takeout(thenameofahorse,acandidate)fromalistofentriesforaraceorcompetition·基本要點(diǎn)

1.scratch的基本意思是“搔”“抓”,多指用帶光(而非帶刃)的東西如手指甲等去抓搔,也可表示在平面上刮線或穿孔。動作的發(fā)出者多沒有明確的目的,而動作的承受者多受到肯定程度的損害。引申可表示“刮傷”“勾掉”“刻畫”“艱難地謀生”“退出競賽”等。2.scratch既可用作及物動詞,也可用作不及物動詞。用作及物動詞時(shí),接名詞、代詞作賓語?！ぴ~匯搭配

～+名詞scratchone'sear

搔耳朵scratchone'shead

搔頭scratchahole

扒坑scratchone'slegs

刺傷雙腿scratchthetable

劃壞桌子～+副詞scratcheagerly

熱心地勾掉scratchinadvertently

非有意地刮傷scratchindustriously

勤奮地抓scratchobviously

明顯地刮傷scratchruthlessly

無情地勾掉scratchsorely

使人難過地退出競賽scratchunexpectedly

意外地刮傷scratchtheplantsaway

把植物扒掉scratchoutanamefromalist

從名單上劃去一個(gè)名字scratchtogether

拼湊scratchupabone

扒出一根骨頭～+介詞scratchat

抓scratchatthedoor

在門上亂抓scratchforoneself

竭力獨(dú)自謀生scratchon

在…上刻畫scratchhandonanail

手被釘子劃傷scratchnameonthewall

在墻上刻下名字·常用短語

scratchabout(v.+adv.)扒,刨stripoffordiginlightmovements▲scratchaboutThefarmyardwasquiet,withjustafewchickensscratchingabout.這農(nóng)家庭院靜靜靜的,只有幾只雞在四處扒食。scratchaway(v.+adv.)抓;刮stripoffordig▲scratchawayIfyoukeepscratchingawayatthatspot,you'llbreaktheskin.你要是不停地抓那個(gè)小包會抓破皮的?！鴖cratchsth?away

用于be～ed結(jié)構(gòu)Mostofthepainthasbeenscratchedawaybyheavywear.由于磨損嚴(yán)峻,大部分油漆已剝落。scratchfrom(v.+prep.)從…中除名removesb'snamefromsth

▲scratchsbfromsth

Wehadtoscratchtwoplayersfromtheteambecauseofdamagedkneejoints.有兩名選手膝關(guān)節(jié)受傷,我們只好不讓他們參與競賽了。

用于be～ed結(jié)構(gòu)Jimshouldhaveaneasyvictory,astwoofthebestrunnershavebeenscratchedfromtherace.吉姆應(yīng)當(dāng)很簡單地輕易取勝,因?yàn)閮擅麅?yōu)秀賽跑運(yùn)動員已經(jīng)從競賽中除名了。scratchout(v.+adv.)▲scratchsth?out1.刮掉;劃去removeoff;cancelorerasebydrawingalinethroughScratchmynameoutplease.請把我的名字劃掉。

用于be～ed結(jié)構(gòu)Nameshadbeencutonthewall,buthadthenbeenscratchedout.墻上曾刻著名字,但后來被刮掉了。2.牽強(qiáng)維持makeorgetwithdifficultyItwasn'teasyscratchingoutalivinginthosehardtimes.在那段艱難的日子里,糊口真不簡單。scratchup(v.+adv.)▲scratchsth?up1.刮壞,磨壞spoilsthbymakingmarkswithsthsharpTheportersscratchedupthedesk.搬運(yùn)工們把桌子刮壞了。

用于be～ed結(jié)構(gòu)Thesurfaceofthetablehasbeenallscratchedupbyyearsofheavyuse.由于長期嚴(yán)峻磨損,桌子表面已粗糙不堪。2.掘起,挖出digsthoutThatcathasscratchedupallmyyoungplantsagain!那只貓又把我種的那些幼苗給扒出來了!·句型例句

用作不及物動詞▲S+～(+A)Thedogisalwaysscratching.那條狗老是搔癢。Thepenscratchesbadly.這支鋼筆鉤紙鉤得利害。用作及物動詞▲S+～+n./pron.Hehasacurioushabitofscratchinghisearwhilehespeaks.他有一種驚奇的習(xí)慣,一講話就搔耳朵。Pleaseleaveoffscratchingyourhead.請不要搔頭了。Scratchyourselfifyouitch.假如你覺得癢,搔好了。Thecatscratchedmyhand.貓把我的手給搔了。Thecathasscratchedaholeintheflowerbed.貓?jiān)诨▔习橇艘粋€(gè)坑。Thebramblesscratchedmylegs.荊棘刺傷了我的雙腿。Theknifehasscratchedthetable.小刀劃壞了桌子。Ihopeyouarenotgoingtoscratchme.我希望你不會把我的名字從競賽中劃去。

用于be～ed結(jié)構(gòu)Thehorsewasscratched.那匹馬退出競賽了?！ぴ~語辨異

scratch,grind,scrape參見scrape條?！ぁcratch·n.

[skr?t?](scratches)·

·雙說明義·S

抓;搔癢

anactofscratching(apartofthebody)·C

抓痕,抓傷

amarkorsmallwoundmadebyscratching·C

刮擦聲

asoundmadebyscratching·詞匯搭配

形容詞+～nastyscratch

難看的劃痕slightscratch

稍微的擦傷

·常用短語

fromscratch〈非正〉從頭做起,從零起先startingfromthebeginningorwithnothing

It'scompletelyruined,sowe'llhavetostartfromscratch.它完全毀了,我們只好從頭做起。uptoscratch〈非正〉狀況良好,達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)in(to)goodconditionorat〔to〕anacceptablestandard

Herperformancewasn'tuptoscratch