高三英語一輪復習七選五答題技巧講解和練習/高考七選五復習知識精講知識精講高考的7選5題型，它要求考生在一段留有5個空白的約300詞的短文中個，根據(jù)文章結構、內(nèi)容，從所給的7個選項中選出最佳答案，填入相應的空白處，使補全后的短文意思通順、前后連貫。這種題型突出考查語篇結構分析能力，屬于對語言使用范疇及語言組織規(guī)律的考查，即對文章結構以及整體內(nèi)容和結構以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。具體答題步驟如下：步驟一：快速瀏覽一遍七個備選答案，先確定哪個選項適合放在文章的什么位置。通常有三個四個位置：標題，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。有時有的答案表述上就是錯誤的，可以直接從備選項中清除，以降低難度。步驟二：快速瀏覽文章，確定文章體裁，抓住文章結構。不同的文章有不同的結構形式，確定文章體裁有利于我們確定各段之間的關系。一般說來，記敘文的語言是按時間發(fā)展順序或因果關系排列的，常用的連接詞有：then,later,afterthat,soon,afterawhile,intheend,so,asaresult,becauseof等。說明文常采用“總—分—總”的結構形式，第一段說明要說明的主題，下面幾段多是從不同的角度來說明問題，最后總結，所以各段之間多是平行關系，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)舉例說明的現(xiàn)象。議論文先拋出議題，然后從正反兩個方面進行討論，最后得出結論。新聞體裁的應用文首句為主題句，下面展開細節(jié)性的報道。確定文章體裁有利于預測文章各段主要內(nèi)容和結構形式，形成重要的選擇依據(jù)步驟三：分析篇章結構，找出各段的主題句或主旨大意。分析文章的層次包含兩種形式：一種是分析整篇文章的層次，也就是段落，說明文和議論文這樣體裁的文章，每段的第一句多是主題句找到主題句有助于幫助確定選擇的范圍，即所選句子必須和該段主題一致。另一種是分析每一個段落內(nèi)部的層次，也就是語篇層次。要真正體會句際間的意義關系，把握作者的思路，從語序上去發(fā)現(xiàn)斷續(xù)點，理清層次步驟四：注意各選項中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段，尋找句中銜接標志詞。文章的行文需要通過一定的銜接手段來實現(xiàn)。文章的銜接手段有：重復式用某一詞語或子范疇的詞語，使用同義語表達，用總稱指代具體事物或用具體事物指代整體，使用代詞避免重復等。上述方法有助于段落的思路平穩(wěn)在句子之間過渡。連貫使文章的每個段落、每個句子甚至每個短語融為一體。段落一致與句子銜接是文章連貫的兩個必要因素。步驟五：區(qū)分相似項七選五備選答案中有兩個多余的選項，會對文章中兩個空的選擇構成干擾，這時要特別細致地比對相似選項，方法和答閱讀理解時區(qū)分相似項一樣。步驟六：用代入法，檢查答案是否合理。將所有選擇答案放回空白處，通讀全文，檢查文章內(nèi)容是否語義連貫合理緊扣主題，語篇結構是否通順連貫、具有一致性、合乎邏輯，寫作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用語是否恰當貼切，從而判斷選擇的答案是否正確。三點剖析三點剖析一、重點：七選五閱讀理解的題目常常出現(xiàn)在以下幾點：一是描述性結構，主要介紹事物、問題或傾向的特點，因此時間、地點常是出題重點(記敘文)；二是釋意性結果，解釋某一理論、學科、事物，主要用比喻、類比闡述(說明文)；三是比較性結構，把兩個人或事物的功能、特點、優(yōu)缺點進行對比(議論文)；四是原因性結構，主要分析事物的成因，有客觀的、主觀的，也有直接的、間接的(說明文)；五是駁斥性結構，主要是先介紹一種觀點，然后對其評論或駁斥，再分析其優(yōu)缺點、危害性，最后聞闡明自己的觀點(議論文)。二、難點：七選五閱讀理解從題型和內(nèi)容我們可以看出，題備選項的特點可分為以下幾種：a.主題概括句（文章整體內(nèi)容）；b.過渡性句子；（文章結構）；c.注釋性句子（上下文邏輯意義）。其余兩個多余干擾項也往往從這三個方面設置，如主旨概括句或過于寬泛或以偏概全或偏離主旨，過渡性句子不能反映文章的行文結構，注釋性句子與上文脫節(jié)等。三、易錯點：七選五考查的是語篇的連貫性和一致性,因此就要使用到各種達到連貫目的的各種銜接手段，即：詞匯銜接、邏輯銜接、結構銜接1.詞匯同現(xiàn)法洞匯同現(xiàn)是指屬于同一詞匯搭配范疇或者某一領域的詞匯在文章中共同出現(xiàn),達到語義銜接的目的。一般來說,上下文中詞匯的范疇越小,上下文的銜接關系越緊密。2.代詞線索英語表達中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高,代詞的作用無非是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念,巧妙利用這樣的指代關系和根據(jù)代詞的單復數(shù)差異可以準確而快速地解題3.數(shù)字線索包括具體數(shù)字以及和數(shù)字相關的詞匯諸如ratio.rate等等。作者列出數(shù)字,除了和其他數(shù)字進行對比和比較之外，還可以用數(shù)據(jù)來說明一個觀點4.邏輯關系線索1).并列與遞進關系：and,or,also,neither…nor,,either…or,similarly,equally,inthesameway,aswellas,thesame,as,besides,additionally,furthermore,moreover,inadditiontowhatismore2).因果關系：because,for,since,as,thus,therefore,so,sothat,consequently,accordingly,dueto,thanksto,asaresult,becauseofinthat,forthisreason3).轉(zhuǎn)折讓步關系：but,however,yet,onthecontrary,bycontrast,ontheotherhand,unfortunately,while,whereas,unlike,ratherthaninsteadof,itistruethat,ofcourse,although/though,eventhough,evenif,nevertheless,despite,inspiteof4).時間關系：afterwards,atfirst,atlast,finally,first,firstly,inthefirstplace,tostartwith,inthemeantime,last,later,next,second,then,third,tobeginwith以及一些具體的時間。題模精選題模精選題模一：標題類七選五例1.1.1Thebenefitsofkeepingajournal(日志)Ifyouwanttogrow,oneimportantthingyoushoulddoiskeepingajournal.Itmayseemsimple,butitcanmakeabigdifferenceinyourlife.Ihavebeenkeepingjournalsforyears.WritingallthelessonsIlearnandalltheideasIgethasbecomeahabitforme.____1____Herearesomebenefitsyouwillgetbykeepingajournal.◆Itpreventsyoufromlosinganidea.Haveyouevergottenanideaonlytoloseitlaterbecauseyoudidn’twriteitdown?____2____ButthenIdevelopedthehabitofwritingdowneveryideathatcameintomymindassoonaspossible.IfI’mawayfrommycomputer,IusuallywriteitdownonapieceofpaperthatIbringwhereverIgo.Iwillthentransfertheideatothejournalinmycomputer.◆Ithelpsyoureviewallthelessonsyou’velearned.Byreviewingyourjournal,youcanquicklyseethelessonsyou’velearnedandtheideasyou’vegotten.____3____Youcanusetheideastopropel(鞭策)yourselfforward.◆____4____Afterkeepingajournalforyears,youcanlookbackatitandseehowfaryou’vegone.Thingsthatwerebigproblemsinthepastmightseemsmalltoday.Therawideasyouhadinthepastmighthavebeenrealizedtoday.◆Ithelpsyouexpandyourideas.Whenyoutrytocomeupwithasentencetoexpressanidea,youarethinkingactivelyaboutit.____5____Intheend,youwillexpandyourideas.題模二：非標題類七選五例1.2.1Travelingisaveryenjoyableexperienceasitprovidesanopportunitytoseenewthings.____1____Thefollowingarticlediscussestheadvantagesoftraveling.Travelinggivesyoutheopportunitytodisconnectfromyourregularlife.Peopleallhavecrazyschedules,workandafamilytotakecareof,andtravelingaloneorwithsomefriendscangiveyoudistanceandperhapsevenmakeyourealizehowimportantthesepeoplearetoyou.____2____Anothergreatbenefitistherelaxationyouget.____3____Whenyoucomebackyoufeelenergeticandyouarehappytobebacktoyourdailyroutine.____4____Theywillcreateabondthatnothingcanerasenomatterwhathappenstothefriendship.Youcancreatephotoalbumsandwhenyoufeelnostalgic(懷舊的)youcanexperiencethetripsagainbylookingatyourpictures.It’sneverbeenthischeaptotravel.Withincreasingoilpricesthecheaptraveleramightbecomingtoanend.____5____WiththeInternetandallthenewtechnology,youcanplanyourtripexactlythewayyouwantit.Youcanchooseyourbudget,thedurationofthetripandwhatyouwanttodo.隨堂練習隨堂練習隨練1.1根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Maryhadherownspecialkindofjoy,andsheknewexactlyhowtospreaditaround.Sheliftedchildrenfromlonelinessintolaughterandlove.___36___Oneevening,Marywashostingameetingforagroupofnewadoptiveparents.Oneofthenewfathersstoodup.___37___Thenheexplained.“Twentyyearsago,Ifeltaloneandworthless.IfeltlikeIdidn'tdeservetohavethethingsthatothershave.ThenMarybroughttwowonderfulpeopleintomylife.___38___TheyopenedaworldofpossibilitiesthatIdidn'tknowexisted.TodayI'mproudtobegivingthatchancetoachildwhostartsoutlikeme.Mymothergavemethisrose.Bynow,allofyouknowwhereshegotit.ThisroseremindsmeofthebeautifultimesIwasgiven.JustyesterdayMarysentmeanewrose.Thenewrosesymbolizesabeautifulnewbeginningformyownlittlegirl.___39___Thankyou,Mary,forthespeciallittlethingslikerosesthattieourlivestogether!”Areyoulookingforaspecialkindofsignificance,aspecialpurposethatyoucan'tquitereach?Takealookatyour“roses”,thelittlethingsthatareallyours,thingsthatmakeyourheartsing.Whatarethey?___40___Whentheanswersbecomeclear,you'llfindthatyour“roses”canmakeadifference.Theycanbringjoyandevenanewbeginningtoyouandmanyotherpeople.A．Theylovedmeunconditionally.B．However,Ilivedanunhappylifeatthattime.C．Eachtimeshefoundanewhomeforachild,shegavethatfamilyapaperrose.D．Hereachedintohispocketandheldupapaperrose.E．Nowhereinthisworldcanyougettheanswer.F．Howcanyousharethemwithsomeone?G．Itremindsmetoshowherwhatunconditionalloveis.隨練1.2根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Kids'health:Fourstepsforfightingstress____36____Differentpeoplefeelstressindifferentways．Somewaysofdealingwithstress–likescreamingorhittingsomeone--don'tsolvemuch．Butotherways,liketalkingtosomeoneyoutrust,canleadyoutosolvingyourproblemoratleastfeelingbetter．Trytakingthesefourstepsthenexttimeyouarestressed:(1)Getsupport．Whenyouneedhelp,reachouttothepeoplewhocareaboutyou．Talktoatrustedadult,suchasaparentorotherrelatives．____37____Theymighthavehadsimilarproblems,suchasdealingwithatest,orthedeathofabelovedpet．(2)Don'ttakeitoutonyourself．Sometimeswhenkidsarestressedandupsettheytakeitoutonthemselves．Oh,dear,that'snotagoodidea．Rememberthattherearealwayspeopletohelpyou．Don'ttakeitoutonyourself．____38____(3)Trytosolvetheproblem．Afteryou'recalmandyouhavesupportfromadultsandfriends,it'stimetogetdowntobusiness．____39____Evenifyoucan'tsolveitall,youcansolveapieceofit．(4)Bepositive．Moststressistemporary．Rememberstressdoesgoaway,especiallywhenyoufigureouttheproblemandstartworkingonsolvingit．Thesestepsaren'tmagic,buttheydowork．Andifyoucanstaypositiveasyoumakeyourwaythroughatoughtime,you'llhelpyourselffeelbetterevenfaster．____40____A．Everybodygetsstressedfromtimetotime．B．Youneedtofigureoutwhattheproblemis．C．Askforahelpinghandtogetyouthroughthetoughsituation．D．Ah,itfeelssogoodwhenthestressisgone．E．Noticeyourfriends'feelingsandfindawaytohelpthem．F．Then,findawaytocalmdown．G．Anddon'tforgetaboutyourfriends．隨練1.3根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余斜選項。Allovertheworldpeoplearehookedonsports,whichhelpthemtostrengthentheirbodyandbuildtheircharacter.___36___Theyimprovetheparticipants'physicalskills,andprovideentertainmentfortheaudienceaswell.Manypeopleliketowatchothersplaygames.___37___Oftentheygetveryexcitedwhen“their”playerorteamwins.Iftheyarecrazyaboutthegameortheplayer,thenthey'llbecometheirdie-hardfans.Somesportsaresointerestingthatpeopleeverywheregoinforthem.Football,forexample,hasspreadaroundtheworld.Swimmingispopularincountriesneartheseaorinthosewithmanyrivers.___38___Andthinkofpeopleincoldcountries.MassesofpeoplelovetoskateorskiinJapan,NorwayorCanada.___39___Chineseboxing,alsohasaverylonghistory.Butbasketballandvolleyballarerathernew,whichstartedinthelateofthenineteenthcentury.Peopleareinventingnewsportsorgamesallthetime.Waterskiing,asamoderngame,isoneofthenewestinthefamilyofsports.Peoplefromdifferentcountriesorracesmaynotbeabletounderstandeachother,butafteragame,theygettoknoweachotherbetterandtheyoftenbecomegoodfriends.___40___Theylearntofighthardbutfightfair,towinwithoutprideandtolosewithgrace.Theyalsolearntobecompetitiveandoptimistic,whichwillequipthemforlifechallengesinthefuture.A．TheybuyticketsorturnontheTVtowatchthegames.B．Whatfunitistojumpintoapoolorlake,whetherinChina,EgyptorItaly!C．Somesportsorgamesdatebackthousandsofyears,likerunningorjumping.D．Sportshelptotrainaperson'scharacter.E．Chinesepeoplelikeddoingsportseveninancienttimes.F．Sportsarecompetitivephysicalactivitiesorgamesthroughcasualororganizedparticipation.G．Andthefriendshipmaylastforalifetime.隨練1.4根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Makingdecisionsaboutparentingisdifficult.Therearemanyideasandopinionsaround,butparentsneverreallyknowwhatwillbegoodorbadforachild.__16__However,parentalinstinct(直覺)andknowledgeshouldalwayscomefirst.Parentsarethemostinfluentialexamplestochildren.Parentswhopraisetheirkidsandshowrespect,kindness,honesty,friendliness,hospitalityandgenerosityinthefamilyatalltimes,willencouragethemtobehaveinthesameway.__17__Averyimportantthingwhenbringingupachildistotrynottoinfluencetheirmindswithparents'.__18__Parentsshouldneverlivetheirlifethroughtheirchildrenorforcechildrentofulfilltheirownunrealizeddreams.Butstillparentscanplayaveryimportantroleinallowingthechild'sintelligencetodevelop.__19__Throughdiscipline(紀律)thechildlearnsthatsomekindsofbehaviorareacceptableandothersarenot.Settingboundarieshelpschildrentolearnhowtobehaveoutsidetheirproperty.Whendiscussingaproblemthatconcernsachild,insomesensesitisimportanttoinvolvechildrenintheproblem-solvingprocess.__20__Beopentothechild'ssuggestionsandtakethemintoconsideration.Achildexperiencingthiskindofopenandeasycommunicationinthefamily,willbecomeveryconfidentandlearntherulesofgoodcommunication.A．Itcanbeveryusefultovalueothers'opinions.B．Justencouragethemtobeintelligent,tobeaware.C．Setlimitationsonchildren'sbehaviorwhennecessary.D．Thepossiblesolutionmustbefoundtogetherwithachild.E．Parentsshouldencouragetheirchildrentotrysomethingnew.F．Childrenshouldspeakouttheirproblemsactivelyandbravely.G．Childrencanlearnalotabouthowtobehavebycopyingtheirparents.自我總結自我總結課后作業(yè)課后作業(yè)作業(yè)1根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,選項中有兩項為多余選項。Hobbiesletyouexploreinterestsoutsideyourwork.Theymakeyoubecreativeandtryallkindsofnewthings.___36___Howcanyouchoosethehobbythatsuitsyoufromtheseoptions?Herearesometips.Lookatwhatinterestsyou.Andexaminewhattakesupyoursparetime,whenyouhaveit.Doyouenjoyreadingbooks?Maybeyouwanttotryyourhandatwritingthem.___37______38___Doyouvaluewisdomorcourage?Doyouadmireartisticexpression?Letthosetraits(特點)guideyouwhenchoosingahobby.Forinstance,youcouldtakeuppaintingbecauseyouadmirepeoplewhocanexpressthemselveswithart.Examineyourskillsandpersonality.Certainhobbiesrequirecertainskillsets.Ifyoudon'thaveagreatdealofpatience,thenmaybehandsewingisn'tsomethingyou'denjoy.However,ifyoulovebuildingthings,maybeyoushouldconsiderahobbylikeworkingonoldercarsorbuildingfurniture.___39___Payattentiontowhatexcitesyourpassion.Thewayyoutalkaboutissuescanalsorevealyourpassionsandthosepassionscanbedevelopedintoahobby.Thinkaboutthetopicsyougoonendlesslyabout.___40___Now,thinkaboutwhatitisaboutthatsubjectthatyouenjoysomuchanddeterminehowitcanbetransformedintoahobby.Forinstance,maybeyouarepassionateaboutlocalpolitics,andgettinginvolvedinthecommunityvoluntaryworkcouldbecomeyourhobby.A．Playtoyourstrengths.B．Thinkaboutwhatyouvaluemost.C．Developyourcreativepersonality.D．Turnwhatyoualreadyloveintoahobby.E．Thereareplentyofoptionsavailabletoyou.F．Askyourfriendsandfamilywhatyouseemtotalkaboutthemost.G．Don'tforgettotakealookatyourbudgetbeforechoosinganewhobby,assomecanbeexpensive.作業(yè)2根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項?！癗omanisanisland”isawell-knownlinefromJohnDonne'sDevotion.Itwaswrittenmorethanthreehundredyearsago.Evennowpeoplestillagreewithhim.Noonecanliveacompletelylonelylife.Withoutotherpeople,lifewillbecomeemptyandsad.____36____Therearemanybooksaboutfriendship,butDaleCarnegie'sHowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople,writtenin1936,isthemostfamous.____37____Itwaslaterputinto28languages.Hereisthelistofadvicefromhisbook:____38____Alwaysgreetwithasmile.Beginwith“Excuseme”or“Wouldyouplease”whenyouwanttoasksomebody.Remembertosay“Thankyou”andtrytobeashelpfulasyoucan.Gooutofyourwaytobenice.____39____Makingsomesoupforasickneighbormayseemlikealittlethingtoyou,butitwillmakeyourneighborfeelalotbetter.Remembernames.Theysaythatthesweetestmusictoaperson'searsisthesoundofhisorherownname.____40____Trytounderstandotherpeople'swaysandideasandlearnsomethingfromthem.Listenpatiently.Whensomeoneistalkingtoyou,lookathimorher,listencarefullyandsaysomethingwhennecessary.A．Beopen-minded.B．Befriendlyandpolite.C．Soweallneedtohavefriends.D．Trytohelpyourfriendsgetoutoftrouble.E．Findsometimetodospecialthingsforotherpeople.F．It'salsoimportantforustobehonestinourdailylife.G．This“howto”bookaboutgettingalongwithotherpeoplebecameabestseller.作業(yè)3根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。TheBestWaystoOfferSupportandEncouragementWhetheritisafriend,familymember,orcoworker,atsometimeoranothersomebodywillneedsupportandencouragement.Thiscouldbetheresultofadisappointingchangeinlife,ahealthchangeorothersimilarchallenges.___16___Evenifyoudonotthinkthatyouhavetheabilitytoofferthepropersupportandencouragement，yourwillingnesstobethereandtolistenmaybeenough.Eachsituationisdifferent，andeachwouldrequiredifferentlevelsofbothsupportandencouragement.___17___Helpingkeepupsomeone'sspiritswhentheyarefeelinghelplessjustbylettingthemknowyouarethere，canmakeaseriousdifferenceintheirlives.___18___Forpeopleinthissituation,oftenatelephonecall,ordroppingintosay“hello”ismorethanenough.Youmaynotfeelthatyouaredoingmuchofanything，buttothepersonwhoisfeelingisolatedtheeffortyoutaketostopandseethem，orcallthemcanmakeabigdifference.Forsomeonewhohasrecentlylostajob，youmaybeabletooffersupportbyhelpingthemnetworkeffectively.Or,youmaybeabletohelpthemcraftanewresume，applyforbenefits，oranumberofother“small”thingsthatmayseeminsignificanttoyou，buttothemcanbeaverysignificantevent.___19___However，ifyouletthemknowthatyouarethereforthem，andmakeitapointtocheckinwiththemregularly，theymaysoonfeelmorecomfortableandsharethemwithyou.Takeforexampleapersonwhoissufferingwithdepression.___20___Theymaynotbewillingtoadmitthatthereissomethingwrong.However，ifyoutrustyourinstincts(直覺)andtakealittleextracaretosupportandencouragethemeveninlittleways，youcanmakeahugedifferenceintheiroveralloutlook.A．Youknowthatthereissomethingwrong.B．Alltoooften，peoplefeelisolatedanddonotknowwheretoturn.C．Soyoumayneedsupportandencouragementtopullthrough.D．Youmaynotalwaysunderstandalloftheissuesgoingoninsomeone'slife.E．Insuchcases，itisnaturalforyoutoreachoutandofferyoursupportandencouragement.F．Youknowbetterthananyonethebestwaystosupportandencouragesomeonewhoisgoingthroughadifficulttime.G．Thesupportyouoffercouldbeassimpleashelpingwithsimplehouseholdtasks,runningerrands(跑腿兒)，orevenbeingav