英語綜合教程1

Unit1:IntroductiontoEnglish

1.WhatisEnglish?

EnglishisaGermaniclanguagethatoriginatedinEnglandandisnowthemostwidelyspokenlanguageintheworld.ItistheprimarylanguageofmanycountriesincludingtheUnitedStates,UnitedKingdom,Canada,Australia,andNewZealand.Asaresultofcolonizationandglobalization,Englishisalsousedasasecondlanguagebymanypeoplearoundtheworld.

2.TheHistoryofEnglish

Englishhasalongandcomplexhistory,withinfluencesfrommanydifferentlanguages.TheearliestformofEnglish,OldEnglish,wasspokeninEnglandfromthe5thto11thcenturies.ItwasheavilyinfluencedbytheGermaniclanguagesoftheAnglo-SaxonswhosettledinEnglandduringthattime.

MiddleEnglish,theformofEnglishspokenfromthe11thtothe15thcenturies,washeavilyinfluencedbytheNormanconquestofEnglandin1066.TheNormansspokeadialectofOldFrench,whichhadamajorimpactonthedevelopmentofMiddleEnglish.

ModernEnglish,theformofEnglishspokentoday,emergedinthelate15thcentury.ItwasinfluencedbytheRenaissanceandtheprintingpress,whichhelpedtostandardizethelanguage.

3.EnglishVarieties

Englishhasmanyvarieties,withdifferencesinpronunciation,vocabulary,andgrammar.ThethreemainvarietiesofEnglishareBritishEnglish,AmericanEnglish,andAustralianEnglish.

BritishEnglishisthevarietyofEnglishspokenintheUnitedKingdom.Itincludesmanydifferentaccentsanddialects,includingCockney,Geordie,andScottishEnglish.

AmericanEnglishisthevarietyofEnglishspokenintheUnitedStates.Itincludesmanydifferentaccentsanddialects,includingSouthern,NewEngland,andCalifornianEnglish.

AustralianEnglishisthevarietyofEnglishspokeninAustralia.Itincludesmanydifferentaccentsanddialects,includingAustralianEnglishandAboriginalEnglish.

4.EnglishasaGlobalLanguage

Englishisthemostwidelyspokenlanguageintheworld,withover1.5billionspeakersworldwide.Itistheprimarylanguageofinternationalbusiness,diplomacy,andscience,andisusedasasecondlanguagebymanypeoplearoundtheworld.

Englishhasbecomeagloballanguageasaresultofcolonizationandglobalization.BritishimperialismspreadtheEnglishlanguagetomanypartsoftheworld,anditsstatusasthelanguageofinternationalbusinesshasfurthersolidifieditspositionasagloballanguage.

Unit2:EnglishGrammar

1.PartsofSpeech

Englishgrammarisbasedontheconceptofpartsofspeech,whicharethebasicunitsoflanguage.ThereareeightpartsofspeechinEnglish:nouns,pronouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbs,prepositions,conjunctions,andinterjections.

Nounsarewordsthatnamepeople,places,things,orideas.Pronounsarewordsthattaketheplaceofnouns.Verbsarewordsthatexpressactionorstateofbeing.Adjectivesarewordsthatdescribeormodifynounsorpronouns.Adverbsarewordsthatdescribeormodifyverbs,adjectives,orotheradverbs.Prepositionsarewordsthatshowtherelationshipbetweenanounorpronounandotherwordsinasentence.Conjunctionsarewordsthatconnectotherwordsorgroupsofwords.Interjectionsarewordsusedtoexpressemotionoremphasis.

2.SentenceStructure

Englishsentencesaremadeupofsubjects,verbs,andobjects.Thesubjectisthepersonorthingthatdoestheactioninasentence,whiletheverbi