第二講根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系解題[題型分析]每篇文章都是一個(gè)有機(jī)統(tǒng)一的整體，各部分之間存在著一定的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。從邏輯意義上來(lái)看，句子之間常常有并列、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、例證、總分、補(bǔ)充、解釋、對(duì)比等關(guān)系，有時(shí)甚至包含不止一種關(guān)系。因此，理解閱讀七選五的閱讀材料時(shí)一定要把握文章脈絡(luò)，弄清其中的邏輯關(guān)系。如果文中或選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了邏輯關(guān)系詞，考生就可以利用其來(lái)進(jìn)行推理判斷；如果文中或選項(xiàng)中未出現(xiàn)邏輯關(guān)系詞，這就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境弄清文章內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系，并做出正確的判斷。[技法點(diǎn)撥]例證關(guān)系[典例1](2023·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”37._________Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon'thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou'reproudof.A．Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B．Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C．Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D．It'sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn'tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat'shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn'tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.[解析]空前提到“Personalstrengths.”，空后列出了哪些是個(gè)人優(yōu)點(diǎn)，是具體的例證。所以，空處應(yīng)承上啟下，符合邏輯。[答案]B因果關(guān)系[典例2](2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose-byonmydesk：dictionaryandthesaurus(同義詞詞典).Idon'ttrustmylaptop'sspellchecker.37._________Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI'mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.IusetheConciseOxfordDictionaryandtheCollinsThesaurus.A．Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.B．Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C．ButIstilldon'twanttoreplacethem.D．Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G.Dictionariesdon'talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.[解析]根據(jù)上文中的“Idon'ttrustmylaptop'sspellchecker.”可知，空處應(yīng)談及不信任筆記本拼寫(xiě)檢查程序的原因，與上文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。[答案]B遞進(jìn)關(guān)系[典例3](2024·全國(guó)甲卷)Controlemotional(情緒的)eating.39._______Manyofusalsoturntofoodtodealwithunpleasantemotionssuchassadness,loneliness,orboredom.Butbylearninghealthierwaystomanageemotions,youcanregaincontroloverthefoodyoueatandyourfeelings.A．Eatproperlythroughouttheday.B．Wedon'talwayseatjusttosatisfyhunger.C．Don'tswallowamealonthewaytowork.D．Mostofusneedtodoubletheamountweeat.E.Instead,surroundyourselfwithhealthychoices.F.Formanyofus,moderationmeanseatinglessthanwedonow.G.Thatwon'tleadtocheatingorgivinguponyourneweatingplan.[解析]根據(jù)下文中的“Manyofusalso...boredom.”，尤其是also可知，空處也應(yīng)與人們吃東西的目的有關(guān)。[答案]B轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系[典例4](2024·全國(guó)甲卷)Whatismoderation(適度)?Basically,itmeanseatingonlyasmuchfoodasyourbodyneeds.Youshouldfeelsatisfiedattheendofameal,butnottoofull.36.___________Butitdoesn'tmeansayinggoodbyetothefoodsyoulove.A．Eatproperlythroughouttheday.B．Wedon'talwayseatjusttosatisfyhunger.C．Don'tswallowamealonthewaytowork.D．Mostofusneedtodoubletheamountweeat.E.Instead,surroundyourselfwithhealthychoices.F.Formanyofus,moderationmeanseatinglessthanwedonow.G.Thatwon'tleadtocheatingorgivinguponyourneweatingplan.[解析]根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容對(duì)適度的解釋以及空后的But可知，空后表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因此空處應(yīng)承接上文，對(duì)適度進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)遗c空后內(nèi)容形成轉(zhuǎn)折。[答案]F補(bǔ)充關(guān)系[典例5](2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)ForwelloverahundredyearsthemostinfluentialEnglishdictionarywasSamuelJohnson'sDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagepublishedin1755.“Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work，”wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof“dull”.40._______Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.A．Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.B．Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C．ButIstilldon'twanttoreplacethem.D．Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G.Dictionariesdon'talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.[解析]根據(jù)下文中的“Afewminutes...canbearewardingexperience.”可知，該句是對(duì)空處內(nèi)容的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，故空處應(yīng)說(shuō)明閱讀字典是一種樂(lè)趣。[答案]DTest1體裁主題語(yǔ)境難度說(shuō)明文運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)健康的重要性★★★☆☆(2024·梅州一模)We'realltoldtimeandagainhowimportantitistoexerciseforgoodhealth.Butwithourbusyschedules,findingthetimetoworkoutisofteneasiersaidthandone.1._______UKexerciseguidelinessuggestthatadultsshoulddoatleast150minutesofexerciseaweekforgoodhealth.2._______Itisaboutwhetherornotyoucanstillgetthebenefitsofexerciseifyousqueeze(擠出)itallinonaweekendinsteadofspreadingitthroughouttheweek.Arecentstudyfoundthatweekendexercisershada30%lowerriskofprematuredeathfromallcausescomparedtoinactivepeople.Riskofdeathfromheartdiseasewasalsoaround40%lower,whileriskofdeathfromalltypesofcancerwasaround18%lowercomparedtothosewhowereinactive.Buttheyalsofoundthatspreadingyourworkoutsthroughouttheweekwasassociatedwiththegreatestbenefitsforyourhealth.3._______Thatis,theyhada5%lowerriskofprematuredeathfromanycausecomparedtoweekendexercisers.4._______Itsuggeststhemoreexerciseyoudo,themorebeneficialitistoyourhealth.Butthisisonlytrueuptoacertainpoint—withresearchshowingthatdoingmorethanfivetimestheminimumrecommendedweeklyactivityhasnoaddedbenefits.It'swell-knownthatexerciseimprovesourheartfitness.Thisallowsustoexerciselongerandmoreintensely.5._______Thisisalsolikelythereasonwhypeoplewhoexerciseregularlyhavelowerriskofprematuredeathfromanycause.Butresearchshowsthathowoftenyouexerciseisalsoimportantforimprovingandmaintainingfitness.Regularexercisewillleadtoadaptationsthataregoodforhealth.A．Butdebateisgrowingaroundtheissue.B．Thisfindingisconsistentwithpreviousresearch.C．Regularlyactivepeoplehadthebesthealthoverall.D．Mostpeoplefindithardtodoexerciseattheweekend.E．Formanyofus,theweekendistheonlytimetoexercise.F．However,itmaycauseseriousdiseases,suchasheartattacks.G．Also,itimprovesotheraspectsofourhealthlikeloweringbloodpressure.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】文章介紹了運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)健康的重要性。1．E根據(jù)空前一句可推知，因?yàn)槠綍r(shí)工作繁忙，所以大多數(shù)人只有周末有時(shí)間鍛煉。E項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。2．A根據(jù)空后一句可知，每周運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間是分散還是集中的問(wèn)題具有爭(zhēng)議性。A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。3．C空前一句提到，在一周中分散鍛煉對(duì)你的健康有最大的好處；空后一句提到，與周末鍛煉者相比，他們因任何原因過(guò)早死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低了5%。由此可知，有規(guī)律的分散鍛煉對(duì)健康更好。C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。4．B根據(jù)上文和空后一句“Itsuggeststhemoreexerciseyoudo,themorebeneficialitistoyourhealth.”可知，運(yùn)動(dòng)越多越健康，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)與之前的研究相一致。B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。5．G上文說(shuō)運(yùn)動(dòng)可以改善我們的心臟健康，這可以讓我們鍛煉得更久、更激烈。這是在陳述運(yùn)動(dòng)的好處。G項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。Test2體裁主題語(yǔ)境難度說(shuō)明文森林浴的好處★★★☆☆(2024·邯鄲二模)BenefitsofForestBathingForestbathingmeansspendingtimeinnaturetopromotephysicalandmentalhealth.Inrecentyears,forestbathinghasgainedpopularityaroundtheworld.Thispracticeencouragespeopletoconnectwithnaturebytakingslowwalks,engaginginactivitiessuchasyogaormeditation,andembracingthepresentmoment.1._______．AidinreducingstressForestbathingcanhelpreducestress.Connectingwithnaturedecreasescortisol(皮質(zhì)醇)levels,thehormone(激素)responsibleforfeelingsofstress.2._______！Evenbeforeyouphysicallyentertheforest,justimaginingstayingtherecanpositivelyaffectyourcortisollevels.AnaturalmoodenhancerIfyouwanttoelevateyourmood,takeatriptotheforest.Aforestbathingtripcaneaseyourmoodsignificantly.3._______.Forestsarealsoassociatedwithcalmingeffectsonthemindandbody.4．_______It'snosecretthatnatureplaysavitalroleinhumanlife,andthetwoarestronglyconnected.Innaturalenvironments,plantsandtreesreleasesomespecialoils,whichcanprotectplantsfromgerms.Theyalsohavemanyhumanhealthbenefits.Inadditiontoenhancingmood,theseoilsarealsoanaturalimmunitybooster.Inspirefocusandconcentration5．_______.Itcanprovideanidealatmosphereforcreativethinkingandproblem-solving.Itallowsyoutofocuso