2020年12月大學(xué)英語六級試題第2套

PartListeningComprehension(30minutes)

SectionA

Directions:InyouwillheartwolongAttheendofeachconversation,you

willhearfourBoththeconversationandthewillbespokenonlyonce,

youhearaquestion,youchoosethebestthefourchoices

markedA),B)C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer

Sheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions1to4arebasedontheyouhavejustheard.

1.A)Adrivingtest.C)Trafficroutes.

B)Avideogame.D)Cargologistics.

A

Heitandrealistic.

BHeboughtitwhentouringEurope.

)Hewasreallydrawntoitsotherversions.

C

)Heittohisbrotherlast

D

)

3.A)Travelingallover

B)Drivingoneto

C)Thedetailsinthedrivingsimulator.

D)Thekeyroleof

4.A)roadsigns.

B)Morepeopledriving

C)

D)Moreself-drivingontheroad.

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

5.A)Itisn'tsoenjoyableasheexpected.

B)Itisn'tsomotivatingashebelieved.

C)Itdoesn'tenablehimtoasmuchmoneyasheusedto.

D)Itdoesn'tseemtoofferasmuchasheanticipated.

6.A)Notallofthemcareabouttheiremployees'behaviors.

B)Fewofthemareawareoftheiremployees'

C)Fewofthemofferpraiseandrewardtotheiremployees.

D)Notallofhowtomotivatetheiremployees.

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7.A)Jobsatisfaction.C)Autonomy.

B)Self-awareness.D)Money.

8.A)Theimportanceofcultivatingcloserelationshipswithclients.

B)Theneedforgettingrecommendationsfromtheirmanagers.

C)Theadvantagesofpermanentfull-timeemployment.

D)Thewaytoexploreemployees,interestsandtalents.

SectionB

Directions：Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthree

orfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryou

hearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)

andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasingleline

throughthecentre.

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

9.A)Consumersvisualizetheiractivitiesindifferentweather.

B)Goodweathertriggersconsumers'desiretogoshopping.

C)Weatherconditionsinfluenceconsumers,buyingbehavior.

D)Consumers,mentalstateschangewiththepricesofgoods.

10.A)Activeconsumption.C)Individualassociation.

B)Directcorrelation.D)Mentalvisualization.

11.A)Enablingthemtosimplifytheirmathematicalformulas.

B)Helpingthemdeterminewhattosellandatwhatprice.

C)Enablingthemtoselltheirproductsatahigherprice.

D)Helpingthemadvertiseagreatervarietyofproducts.

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Anaturallyventilatedofficeismorecomfortable.

B)Acoolofficewillboostemployees,productivity.

C)Officeair-conditioningshouldfollowguidebooks.

D)Air-conditioningimprovesventilationintheoffice.

13.A)Peopleintheircomfortzoneoftemperaturearemoresatisfiedwiththeirproductivity.

B)Peopleindifferentcountriesvaryintheirtolerancetouncomfortabletemperatures.

C)Twenty-twodegreesistheoptimaltemperatureforofficeworkers.

D)Thereisarangeoftemperaturesforpeopletofeelcomfortable.

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14.A)Itwillhavenonegativeimpactonwork.

B)Itwillbeimmediatelynoticeable.

C)Itwillsharplydecreaseworkefficiency.

D)Itwillcausealotofdiscomfort.

15.A)Theytendtofavorlowertemperatures.

B)Theysufferfromrapidtemperaturechanges.

C)Theyarenotbotheredbytemperatureextremes.

D)Theybecomelesssensitivetohightemperatures.

SectionC

Directions：Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfour

questions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmust

choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Itoverlookedthepossibilitythatemotionsmaybecontrolled.

B)Itignoredthefactthatemotionsarepersonalandsubjective.

C)Itclassifiedemotionssimplyaseitherpositiveornegative.

D)Itmeasuredpositiveandnegativeemotionsindependently.

17.A)Sittingalonewithoutdoinganythingseemedreallydistressing.

B)Solitudeadverselyaffectedtheparticipants,mentalwell-being.

C)Sittingalonefor15minutesmadetheparticipantsrestless.

D)Solitudehadareductiveeffectonhigh-arousalemotions.

18.A)Itprovedhardtodepictobjectively.

B)Itwenthandinhandwithsadness.

C)Ithelpedincreaselow-arousalemotions.

D)Ittendedtointensifynegativeemotions.

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Itusesupmuchlessenergythanitdoesindeepthinking.

B)Itremainsinactivewithoutburningcaloriesnoticeably.

C)Itcontinuestobumupcaloriestohelpusstayinshape.

D)Itconsumesalmostaquarterofthebody'stotalenergy.

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20.A)Muchoftheconsumptionhasnothingtodowithconsciousactivities.

B)Ithassomethingtodowiththedifficultyoftheactivitiesinquestion.

C)Energyusagedevotedtoactivelearningaccountsforabigpartofit.

D)Asignificantamountofitisforperformingdifficultcognitivetasks.

21.A)Itisbelievedtoremainbasicallyconstant.

B)Itisaprerequisiteforanymentalactivity.

C)Itisconducivetorelievingmentalexhaustion.

D)Itisthoughttoberelatedtofoodconsumption.

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Jobcandidatesrarelytakeitseriously.

B)Jobseekerstendtohaveareadyanswer.

C)Jobseekersoftenfeelatalosswheretostartinansweringit.

D)Jobcandidatescanrespondfreelyduetoitsopen-endednature.

23.A)Followtheircareercoaches,guidelines.

B)Strivetotakecontroloftheirnarrative.

C)Dotheirbesttoimpresstheinterviewer.

D)RepeattheinformationontheirrSsum瓦

24.A)Toreflectontheirpastachievementsaswellasfailures.

B)Toproduceexamplesfordifferentinterviewquestions.

C)Todiscussimportantdetailstheyaregoingtopresent.

D)Toidentifyabroadgeneralstrengthtoelaborateon.

25.A)Gettingacquaintedwiththehumanresourcespersonnel.

B)Findingoutwhythecompanyprovidesthejobopening.

C)Figuringoutwhatbenefitsthecompanyisabletoofferthem.

D)Tailoringtheirexpectationstothecompany'slong-termgoal.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions：Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordfor

eachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfallowingthepassage.Readthe

passagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentified

byaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2witha

singlelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

6?4

Virtuallyeveryactivitythatentailsorfacilitatesin-personhumaninteractionseemstobeinthe

midstofatotalmeltdownasthecoronavirus(冠狀病毒)outbreakerasesAmericans,desiretotravel.

Amtraksaysbookingsaredown50percentandcancelationsareup300percent.HotelsinSan

Franciscoareexperiencing26ratesbetween70and80percent.Broadwaygoesdarkon

Thursdaynight.Universities,nowemptyingtheircampuses,havenevertriedonlinelearningonthis

27.White-collarcompanieslikeAmazon,Apple,andtheNewYorkTimesareaskingemployees

toworkfromhomeforthe28future.

Butwhathappensafterthecoronavirus?

Insomeways,theansweris:Alltheoldnormalstuff.Thepandemic｛大流行病)willtakelives,

29economiesanddestroyroutines,butitwillpass.Americanswillneverstopgoingto

basketballgames.Theywon'tstopgoingonvacation.They'llmeettodobusiness.Nodecentralizing

technologysofar-nottelephones,nottelevision,andnottheinternet—hasdentedthathumandesire

toshakehands,despitetechnologists,30tothecontrary.

Yettherearerealreasonstothinkthatthingswillnotreturntothewaytheywerelastweek.

Small31createsmallsocietalshifts;bigoneschangethingsforgood.TheNewYorktransit

strikeof1980is32withpromptingseverallong-termchangesinthecity,includingbusandbike

lanes,andwomenwearingsportsshoestowork.TheSpanishflupandemicof1918promptedthe

developmentofnationalhealthcareinEurope.

Hereandnow,thismightnotevenbeaquestionof33.It'snotclearthatthecruiseindustry

will34,Orthatpublictransitwon'tgobrokewithout35assistance.Theinfrastructuremight

notevenbeinplacetodowhatweweredoingin2019.

A)credentialsI)scale

B)creditedJ)strangle

C)cumulativeK)subtle

D)disruptionsL)summoned

E)federalM)survive

F)foreseeableN)vacancy

G)predictionsO)wedge

H)preference

SectionB

Directions：Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Each

statementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfrom

which,theinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Each

paragraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletter

onAnswerSheet2.

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SlowHope

A)Ourworldisfullof-mostlyuntold-storiesofslowhope,drivenbytheideathatchangeis

possible.Theyare'slow*intheirunfolding,andtheyareslowbecausetheycomewithsetbacks.

B)Atthebeginningoftime-sogoesthemyth-humanssuffered,shiveringinthecoldanddark

untilthetitan(巨人)Prometheusstolefirefromthegods.Justasinthemyth,technology—first

fireandstonetools,andlaterfarming,thesteamengineandindustry,fossilfuels,chemicalsand

nuclearpower—hasallowedustoalterandcontrolthenaturalworld.Themythalsoremindsus

thattheseadvanceshavecomeataprice:asapunishmentforPrometheus5crime,thegodscreated

Pandora,andtheygaveheraboxfilledwithevilsandcurses.WhenPandora'sboxwasopened,it

unleashedswarmsofdiseasesanddisastersuponhumankind.

C)Todaywecannolongerignoretheecologicalcursesthatwehavereleasedinoursearchfbr

warmthandcomfort.Inengineeringandexploitingandtransformingourhabitat,wehaveopened

tensofthousandsofPandora'sboxes.Inrecentdecades,environmentalthreatshaveexpanded

beyondregionalboundariestohaveglobalreachand,mosthauntingly,aremultiplyingata

dizzyingrate.Onaregularbasis,weareremindedthatwearerunningoutoftime.Yearafteryear,

fasterandfaster,consumptionoutpacesthebiologicalcapacityofourplanet.Storiesofaccelerated

catastrophemultiply.Wefearthebreakdownoftheelectricgrid,theendofnon-renewable

resources,theexpansionofdeserts,thelossofislands,andthepollutionofourairandwater.

D)Accelerationisthesignatureofourtime.Populationsandeconomicactivitygrewslowlyfbrmuch

ofhumanhistory.Forthousandsofyearsandwellintoearlymodemtimes,worldeconomiessaw

nogrowthatall,butfromaroundthemid-19thcenturyandagain,inparticular,sincethemid-

20th,therealGDPhasincreasedatanenormousspeed,andsohashumanconsumption.Inthe

MiddleAges,householdsinCentralEuropemighthaveownedfewerthan30objectsonaverage;

in1900,thisnumberhadincreasedto400,andin2020to15,000.Theaccelerationofhuman

production,consumptionandtravelhaschangedtheanimateandinanimatespheres.Ithasechoed

throughnaturalprocessesonwhichhumansdepend.Speciesextinction,deforestation,dammingof

rivers,occurrenceoffloods,thedepletionofozone,thedegradationofoceansystemsandmany

otherareasareallexperiencingacceleration.Ifrepresentedgraphically,thecurvefbrallthese

changeslooksratherlikethatwell-knownhockeystick:withlittlechangeovermillennia(數(shù)千年)

andadramaticupswingoverthepastdecades.

E)Someoftoday'snarrativesaboutthefutureseemtosuggestthatwetoo,likePrometheus,willbe

savedbyanewHercules,adivineengineer,someonewhowillmastermind,manoeuvreand

manipulateourplanet.Theysuggestthatgeoengineering,coldfusionorfaster-than-light

spaceshipsmighttranscendonceandforalltheterrestrialconstraintsofrisingtemperatures,lack

ofenergy,scarcityoffood,lackofspace,mountainsofwaste,pollutedwater-younameit.

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F)Yet,ifweenvisageoursalvationtocomefromadeusexmachina(解困之神)，fromadivine

engineeroratechsoiutionistwhowillmiraculouslyconjureupanewsourceofenergyoranother

cure-allwithrevolutionarypotency,wemightbelookinginthewrongplace.Thefactthatwe

nowimagineourplanetasawholedoesnotmeanthatthe*rescue*ofourplanetwillcomewith

onebigglobalstrokeofgeniusandtechnology.Itwillmorelikelycomebymanysmallacts.

Globalheatingandenvironmentaldegradationarenottechnologicalproblems.Theyarehighly

politicalissuesthatareinformedbypowerfulinterests.Moreover,ifhistoryisaguide,thenwe

canassumethatanymajortransformationswillonceagainbefollowedbyahugesetof

unintendedconsequences.Sowhatdowedo?

G)Thismuchisclear:weneedtofindwaysthathelpusflattenthehockey-stickcurvesthatreflect

ourever-fasterpaceofecologicaldestructionandsocialacceleration.Ifweacknowledgethat

humanmanipulationoftheEarthhasbeenadestructiveforce,wecanalsoimaginethathuman

endeavourscanhelpusbuildalessdestructiveworldinthecenturiestocome.Wemightkeep

makingmistakes.Butwewillalsokeeplearningfromourmistakes.

H)Tocounterthefearsofdisaster,weneedtoidentifystories,visionsandactionsthatworkquietly

towardsamorehopefulfuture.Insteadofonebignarrative,astoryofunexpectedrescuebya

larger-than-lifehero,weneedmultiplestories:weneedstories,notonlyofwhatRobNixonof

PrincetonUniversityhascalledthe'slowviolence'ofenvironmentaldegradation(thatis,the

damagethatisofteninvisibleatfirstanddevelopsslowlyandgradually),butalsostoriesofwhatI

call*slowhope'.

I)Weneedanacknowledgementofourpresentecologicalplightbutalsoalanguageofpositive

change,visionsofabetterfuture.InThePrincipleofHope(1954-1959),ErnstBloch,oneofthe

leadingphilosophersofthefuture,wrotethat4themosttragicformofloss...isthelossofthe

capacitytoimaginethatthingscouldbedifferent,.Weneedtoidentifyvisionsandpathsthatwill

helpusimagineadifferent,morejustandmoreecologicalworld.Hope,forBloch,hasitsstarting

pointinfear,inuncertainty,andincrisis:itisacreativeforcethatgoeshandinhandwithutopian

(烏托邦的)*wishfulimages,.Itcanbefoundinculturalproductsofthepast—infairytales,in

fiction,inarchitecture,inmusic,inthemovies——inproductsofthehumanmindthatcontain4the

outlinesofabetterworld'.Whatmakesus4authentic'ashumansarevisionsofour*potential,.

Inotherwords:livinginhopemakesushuman.

J)Thepowerofsmall,grassrootsmovementstomakechangesthatspreadbeyondtheirplaceof

origincanbeseenwiththeSlowFoodmovement,whichbeganinItalyinthe1980s.Theriseof

fast-foodrestaurantsaftertheSecondWorldWarproducedasocietyfullofcheap,industrially

madefoodstuffs.UndertheleadershipofCarloPetrini,theSlowFoodmovementbeganin

Piedmont,aregionofItalywithalonghistoryofpoverty,violenceandresistancetooppression.

Themovementtransformeditintoaregionhospitabletotraditionalfoodcultures-basedon

nativeplantsandbreedsofanimals.Today,SlowFoodoperatesinmorethan160countries,poor

andrich.Ithasgivenrisetothousandsofprojectsaroundtheglobe,representingdemocratic

politics,foodsovereignty,biodiversityandsustainableagriculture.

K）Theunscrupulous（無所顧忌的）commodificationoffoodandthedestructionoffoodstuffswill

continuetodevastatesoils,livelihoodsandecologies.SlowFoodcannotundotheirresistible

developmentsoftheglobalfoodeconomy,butitcanupsetitstheorists,itcan'speakdifferently,,

anditcanallowpeopleandtheirlocalfoodtraditionsandenvironmentstoflourish.Eveninthe

UnitedStates—thefast-fbodnation-smallfarmsandurbangardensareontherise.TheUS

DepartmentofAgricultureprovidesanUrbanAgricultureToolkitand,accordingtoarecent

report,Americanmillennials（千禧一代）arechangingtheirdiets.In2017,6percentofUS

consumersclaimedtobestrictlyvegetarian,upfrom1percentin2014.Asmorepeoplerealise

that'eatingisanagriculturalact',astheUSpoetandenvironmentalactivistWendellBerryputit

in1989,slowhopeadvances.

36.Itseemssomepeopletodaydreamthatacutting-edgenewtechnologymightsavethemfromthe

presentecologicaldisaster.

37.Accordingtoonegreatthinker,itismostunfortunateifwelosetheabilitytothinkdifferently.

38.Urgentattentionshouldbepaidtotheecologicalproblemswehavecreatedinourpursuitofa

comfortablelife.

39.Eveninthefast-fbodnationAmerica,thenumberofvegetariansisontherise.

40.Thedeteriorationoftheecologicalsystemisacceleratingbecauseofthedramaticincreaseof

humanproductionandconsumption.

41.Itisobviousthatsolutionsmustbefoundtocurbthefastworseningenvironmentandsocial

acceleration.

42.Manypeoplebelievechangingtheworldispossible,thoughitmaytaketimeandinvolve

setbacks.

43.Itmightbewrongtoexpectthatourworldwouldbesavedatonestrokewithsomemiraculous

technology.

44.Itishumannaturetocherishhopesforabetterworld.

45.Technologyhasgivenushumansthepowertochangethenaturalworld,butwehavepaidaprice

forthechange.

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SectionC

Directions：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)and

D).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer

Sheet2withasingleUnethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Vegetarianswouldprefernottobecompelledtoeatmeat.Yetthereversecompulsion(強(qiáng)迫)is

hiddenintheproposalsforanewplant-baseduplanetarydiet.**Nowhereisthismorevisiblethanin

India.

Earlierthisyear,theEAT-LancetCommissionreleaseditsglobalreportonnutritionandcalled

foraglobalshifttoamoreplant-baseddietandfor“substantiallyreducingconsumptionofanimal

sourcefbods."IncountrieslikeIndia,thatcallcouldbecomeatooltoaggravateanalreadytense

politicalsituationandstressalreadyundernourishedpopulations.

TheEATreportpresumesthatutraditionaldiets”incountrieslikeIndiaincludelittleredmeat,

whichmightbeconsumedonlyonspecialoccasionsorasminoringredientsinmixeddishes.

InIndia,however,thereisavastdifferencebetweenwhatpeoplewouldwishtoconsumeand

whattheyhavetoconsumebecauseofinnumerablebarriersaroundclass,religion,culture,cost,

geography,etc.PolicymakersinIndiahavetraditionallypushedforacereal-heavyuvegetariandiet”

onameat-eatingpopulationasawayofprovidingthecheapestsourcesoffood.

Currently,underanaggressiveHindunationalistgovernment,Muslims,Christians,disadvantaged

classesandindigenouscommunitiesarebeingcompelledtogiveuptheirtraditionalfoods.

NoneoftheseconcernsseemtohavebeenappreciatedbytheEAT-LancetCommission's

representative,BrentLoken,whosaiduIndiahasgotsuchagreatexample”insourcingproteinfrom

plants.

ButhowmuchofamodelfortheworldisIndia'svegetarianism?IntheGlobalHungerIndex

2019,thecountryranks102ndoutof117.DatafromtheNationalFamilyHealthSurveyindicatethat

only10percentofinfantsof6to23monthsareadequatelyfed.

Whichiswhycallsforaplant-baseddietmodeledonIndiariskofferinganotherwhipwith

whichtobeatalreadyvulnerablecommunitiesindevelopingcountries.

AdietdirectedattheaffluentWestfailstorecognizethatinlow-incomecountries

undernourishedchildrenareknowntobenefitfromtheconsumptionofmilkandotheranimalsource

foods,improvingcognitivefunctions,whilereducingtheprevalenceofnutritionaldeficienciesaswell

asmortality.

EAT-LancetclaimeditsintentionwastousparkconversationsMamongallIndianstakeholders.

Yetvocalcriticsofthefoodprocessingindustryandfoodfortificationstrategieshavebeenleftoutof

thedebate.ButthemostconspicuousomissionmaywellbetheabsenceofIndia'sfarmers.

Thegovernment,however,seemstohavegiventhereportathumps-up.Ratherthanaddressing

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chronichungerandmalnutritionthroughanimprovedaccesstowholesomeandnutrient-densefoods,

thegovernmentisopeningthedoorforcompany-dependentsolutions,ignoringtheenvironmentaland

economiccost,whichwilldestroylocalfoodsystems.Ifsamodelfullofdangerforfuture

generations.

46.WhatismorevisibleinIndiathananywhereelseaccordingtothepassage?

A)People'spositiveviewsontheproposalsforaMplanetarydiet.

B)People'sreluctancetobecompelledtoeatplant-basedfood.

C)People'spreferencesfbrthekindoffoodtheyconsume.

D)People'sunwillingnesstogiveuptheireatinghabits.

47.WhatwouldtheEAT-LancetCommission'sreportdotomanypeopleincountrieslikeIndia?

A)Radicallychangetheirdietaryhabits.

B)Keepthemfurtherawayfrompolitics.

C)Makethemevenmoreundernourished.

D)Substantiallyreducetheirfoodchoices.

48.WhatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutfoodconsumptioninIndia?

A)People'sdietwillnotchangeduetotheEAT-Lancetreport.

B)Manypeoplesimplydonothaveaccesstofoodstheyprefer.

C)Thereisagrowingpopularityofacereal-heavyvegetariandiet.

D)Policymakershelpremovethebarrierstopeople'schoiceoffood.

49.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutaplant-baseddietmodeledonIndia?

A)Itmaybenefitpopulationswhosetraditionaldietismeat-based.

B)Itmaybeanotherblowtotheeconomyindevelopingcountries.

C)Itmayhelpnarrowthegapbetweentherichandpoorcountries.

D)Itmayworsenthenourishmentprobleminlow-incomecountries.

50.HowdoestheIndiangovernmentrespondtotheEAT-LancetCommission'sproposals?

A)Itacceptsthemattheexpenseofthelong-terminterestsofitspeople.

B)ItintendsthemtosparkconversationsamongallIndianstakeholders.

C)Itgivesthemapprovalregardlessofoppositionfromnutritionexperts.

D)Itwelcomesthemasatooltoaddresschronichungerandmalnutrition.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Backin1964,inhisbookGamesPeoplePlay,psychiatristEricBemedescribedapatternof

conversationhecalled“WhyDon'tYou-YesBut”,whichremainsoneofthemostirritatingaspects

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ofeverydaysociallife.Thepersonadoptingthestrategyisusuallyachroniccomplainer.Somethingis

terribleabouttheirrelationship,job,orothersituation,andtheymoanaboutitceaselessly,butfind

someexcusetodismissanysolutionthafsproposed.Thereason,ofcourse,isthatonsomelevelthey

don'twantasolution;theywanttobevalidatedintheirpositionthattheworldisouttogetthem.If

theycan"win"thegame—dismissingeverysuggestionuntiltheirinterlocutor｛對話者)givesupin

annoyance-theygettofeelpleasurablyrighteous(正當(dāng)?shù)?intheirresentmentsandexcusedfrom

anyobligationtochange.

Partofthetroublehereistheso-calledresponsibility/faultfitllacy(謬誤).Whenyou'refeeling

harddoneby—takenfbrgrantedbyyourpartner,say,orobligedtoworkforahalf-wittedboss—ifs

easytobecomeattachedtothepositionthatifsnotyourjobtoaddressthematter,andthatdoingso

wouldbeanadmissionoffault.Butthere'saconfusionhere.Forexample,ifIweretodiscovera

newbornatmyfrontdoor,itwouldn'tbemyfault,butitmostcertainlywouldbemyresponsibility.

Therewouldbechoicestomake,andnopossibilityofavoidingthem,sincetryingtoignorethe

matterwouldbeachoice.Thepointisthatwhatgoesfbrthebabyonthedoorstepistrueinallcases:

eveniftheotherpersonis100%inthewrong,there'snothingtobegained,long-term,fromusing

thisasajustificationtoevaderesponsibility