語法專題：定語從句 一.定語從句一般由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo) 1、關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,whose,which,that,as2、關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞必須位于從句之首，主句先行詞之后，起著連接先行詞和從句的作用，同時(shí)在從句中又充當(dāng)句子成分。e.g.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.（關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作主語） ThecomradewithwhomIcameknowsFrench.（whom在從句中作介詞with的賓語）3、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法：1）當(dāng)先行詞為人時(shí)用who作主語，whom作賓語；2）當(dāng)先行詞為物或整個(gè)句子時(shí)用which，可作主語或賓語；3）先行詞為人、物時(shí)用that，可作主語或賓語；4）whose用作定語，可指人或物；5）關(guān)系副詞when（指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，where（指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語），why（指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語）。二.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句 1、限制性定語從句：從句與主句關(guān)系密切，去掉從句，主句意義不完整，甚至不合邏輯。 e.g.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.（去掉定語從句，意思就不完整） 2、非限制性定語從句：從句對(duì)先行詞關(guān)系不密切，去掉定從句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號(hào)隔開，不能that用引導(dǎo)。 e.g.Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.（who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，整個(gè)句子可分成兩句來翻譯）三.使用定語從句時(shí)特別注意的幾個(gè)問題1、that與which的區(qū)別。1）用that而不用which的情況：①先行詞為不定代詞all,anything,nothing,…；②先行詞有最高級(jí)修飾，有序數(shù)詞修飾；③先行詞有only,very,any等詞修飾；④先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。e.g.Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.沒有什么能阻止他不干那件事。 ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.在桂林他們所參觀的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。 ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.這部電影是我看過的最好的一部。 MrSmithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.史密斯先生是他認(rèn)識(shí)的唯一的外國(guó)人。2）用which而不用that的情況：①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；②代表整個(gè)主句的意思；③介詞+關(guān)系代詞。e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒有及格，這使他的父親很生氣。 Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.這是父親去年居住過的房子。3）as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)的用法①as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句通常用于thesame…as,such…as結(jié)構(gòu)中。e.g.Iwantthesameshirtasmyfriend’s.我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。 SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.我們車間使用的這種機(jī)器是中國(guó)制造的。②as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用來修飾整個(gè)句子。通常用下列句型：asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect等。e.g.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.正如我所預(yù)料的那樣，他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。3）as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)與which的區(qū)別①當(dāng)主句和從句語義一致時(shí)，用as；反之，用which來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。e.g.Hemadealongspeech,asweexpected. Hemadealongspeech,whichwasunexpected.②當(dāng)非限制定語從句為否定時(shí)，常用which引導(dǎo)。e.g.Tomdrinksaloteveryday,whichhiswifedoesn’tlikeatall.2.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由先行詞決定。e.g.ThemanwholivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishfluently.住在樓下的那個(gè)人英語說得很流利。 ThestudentswhoareinGradeThreearegoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.3.定語從句有時(shí)不直接緊靠先行詞，中間由一個(gè)定語、狀語或謂語隔開。e.g.ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan’tunderstand.4.引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)可以用“介詞+which”來代替。e.g.October1,1949wasthedayonwhich(=when)thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.5.當(dāng)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞是帶介詞或副詞的固定短語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，短語動(dòng)詞的各個(gè)固定部分不要拆開。e.g.Thesickmanwhomsheislookingafterisherfather.6.介詞在關(guān)系代詞前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介詞在句尾，關(guān)系代詞可有which,that,whom,口語中也可用who，且可省略。e.g.Theman(whom/who/that)youweretalkingabouthascometoschool.定語從句練習(xí)根據(jù)句子意思，在第一個(gè)空白處填入介詞，在第二個(gè)填入關(guān)系代詞whom或which:1.Theperson________________IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.2.Thepencil________________hewaswritingbroke.3.WuDong,________________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.4.Thetwothings________________MarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.5.Herbag,________________sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.6.ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch,________________thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.（key1.towhom;2.wihtwhich;3.withwhom;4.aboutwhich;5.inwhich;6.ofwhich）

一.Choosethebestanswer.

1．All____shouldbedonehasbeendone.

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.whatever

2．I,____yourbestfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyou.

A.whois

B.whoam

C.thatis

D.whicham

3．Leileiisthegirl_____pronunciationisthebestinourclass.

A.whose

B.who

C.who’s

D.that

4．Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?

A.youtalkedaboutit

B.thatyoutalked

C.aboutthatyoutalked

D.youtalkedabout

5．Thetwooldfriendstalkedaboutthepersonsandplaces_____impressedthemmost.

A.which

B.who

C.where

D.that

6．Thesearticlesarewritteninsimplelanguage,_____makesiteasytoread.

A.that

B.this

C.which

D.it

7．Myfatherworksinthefactory_____thistypeoftruckismade.

A.inwhere

B.inwhich

C.fromwhich

D.ofwhich

8．Heisthemanto_____Igavethemoney.

A.who

B.whom

C.which

D.that

9．Theverything_____broughtaboutacompletechangeinherlifewasthelibration.

A.which

B.that

C.who

D.when

10．Thisisthesamegirl_____cametoborrowanEnglishbooktwodaysago.

A.that

B.who

C.which

D.whom

11．Theway_____youaredoingitiscompletecrazy.

A.inwhich

B.bywhich

C.onwhich

D.atwhich

12．Istillrememberthesummer_____wehadthedrought.

A.which

B.why

C.where

D.when

13Chinaisnotthesamecountry______itwas20yearsago.

A.that

B.as

C.which

D.when

14.WangFeiistheboy_____Ithinkisthemostdiligentinourclass.

A.who

B.whom

C.aboutwhom

D.him

15.Tomtoldtheteacherthereason______hewaslateagain.

A.that

B.forwhy

C.forthat

D.forwhich二Consolidationexercises.歷屆高考單選題精選。

1.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone______familywaspoor.

A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose2.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_______broughtherheartintohermouth.

A.itB.whichC.thisD.that3.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.

A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom4.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.

A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it5.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown____hegrewupasachild.

A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when6．CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,＿＿＿＿＿personallyIdoubtverymuch.

A.itB.thatC.whenD.which7．Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,________,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.

A．whoB．whichC．thisD．what8.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_____wasveryreasonable.

A.whichpriceB.itsprice

C.thepriceofwhich

D.thepriceofwhose9._____hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.

A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.Which

10.HelivedinLondonfor3months,during____timehelearnedsomeEnglish.

A.thisB.whichC.thatD.same11.Ohthewallhungapicture,_____colorisblue.

A.whoseB.ofwhichC.whichD.its12.WheneverImethim,____wasfairlyoften,Ilikehissweetandhopefulsmile.

A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when13.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.

A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where

(2001)14.Theboss____departmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolookdownuponwomen.

A.inwhichB.inthatC.inwhoseD.whose15.Idon’tlike_____youspeaktoher.

A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich16.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella._______Igotwetthrough.

A.It’sthereasonB.That’swhy

C.There’swhyD.It’show17.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience.

A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitis

C.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis18.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,_____Iwillalwaystreasure.

A.thatB.whichC.itD.what 三.翻譯下列句子1.那些砍伐樹木的人應(yīng)該受到懲罰。(who)2.那條兩邊都是樹的河一直流向海洋。(whose)3.他有三個(gè)兒子，他們沒有一個(gè)是醫(yī)生。(ofwhom)4.他解釋給我們聽的那種方法很簡(jiǎn)單。(theway)5.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我入團(tuán)的那一天。(when/onwhich)6.我們上到屋頂，從那里我們可以欣賞到這個(gè)城市的美景。(where,haveagoodviewof)7.我把你借給我的書都讀過了。(all)8.這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書。(so...as...)