高考英語寫作功能詞（物價）一、主要英語對應(yīng)詞及其用法結(jié)構(gòu)【名詞】(price)pricecontrol物價管制priceindex物價指數(shù)indexofpricerise物價上漲指數(shù)pricefluctuation物價波動jumpinprices;soaring/skyrocketingprices;steepincreaseinprices;Rocketingprices物價飛漲pricereductions/decreases物價回降pricespiral物價螺旋priceinflation物價膨脹waveofpriceincreases/ofpricehikes物價上漲風pricestendupwards/downwards物價呈上升/下降趨勢priceadaptation物價適應(yīng)stationarypricelevel物價水平不變generallevelofmarketprices物價總水平generalinspectiononcommodityprices物價大檢查pricereform物價改革subsidiesforcommodityprices物價補貼pricecontrolauthorities/supervisiongroups物價管理部門/監(jiān)督小組關(guān)于物價上升/下降以及成倍增長的綜合表達Prices(物價)Prices：nosedive/plunge/decrease/fall(下降)comedown/decline/drop/cheapen/sharply(暴跌)Prices：appreciate/increase/risegoup(上漲/上提)climb/improve/advance/moveahead/strengthen(堅挺)Verbsinvolved(有關(guān)動詞)zoom(up)(直線上升)soarrocket(飛漲)skyrocket.slump(暴跌)Pricesdouble(漲至二倍)triple(漲至三倍)quadruple(漲至四倍)quintuple(漲至五倍)sextuple(漲至六倍)Degree(程度用詞)dramatically/greatly(大幅度上提)moderately/smoothly(略有上提)gradually/slowly(慢慢上提)sharply(激增)suddenly(突然上升)suddenly(突然下跌)dramatically/greatly(大幅度下跌)moderately/smoothly(略有下降)gradually/slowly(慢慢下降)Quantifiers(表示數(shù)量的修飾用語)byonehalf上提50%attherateof2%permonth(以每月2%的比率上升)bymorethan3percentperyear(每年上升三個百分點多一點)byonehalf下降50%attherateof2%permonth(以每月2%的比率下降)bymorethan3percentperyear(每年下降三個百分點多一點)二、常用的相關(guān)短語或表達價格激增thereisaleapintheprice(of...)(物價)繼續(xù)攀升(ofprices)tobestillspiralling“bestillspiralling”常見的意思是“仍在螺旋式上升/下降”，常用來描述一種持續(xù)且不斷加劇或變化幅度較大的上升或下降態(tài)勢，具體是上升還是下降需結(jié)合語境判斷。例如：Thepricesofhousingarestillspiralling.（房價仍在螺旋式上升。強調(diào)房價持續(xù)上漲且上漲幅度可能越來越大。）Thecompany'sprofitsarestillspirallingdownwards.（公司利潤仍在螺旋式下降。表明利潤不僅持續(xù)降低，下降的程度還在不斷加劇。）抬高物價toboostprices;tobumpprices;tohike(up)prices;toraiseprices提高自己商品的售價toputupone'sprices漫天要價以致無人問津topriceoneself/sth.outofthemarket價格降到最低點以下(價格跌到新的最低點)thebottomdrops/fallsoutofthemarket(price)勸說某人把價格壓到…tocutsb.downto...壓低出廠價格toputdownthepriceexworks降低物價toreduceprices對某些商品減價tomake/offerreductionsonsomearticles給某物定價toputapriceonsth.在拍賣中出價錢tomakeabidfor...與某人抬價競買(爭出高價買某種東西)tobidagainstsb.forsth.出價投標tobidon/for哄抬股票等的價格tobull...使(股票等)行情上漲tobullthemarket看漲的行情/(股票)牛市abullishmarket;abullmarket…售價高tocommandahighprice;(ofsth.)tobedearatthatprice廉價出售…tosellsth.cheaply;sth.isonsale蝕本出售tosellone'shensonarainyday把物價提高到去年的二倍towhoopthepriceuptotwotimeslastyear'squotation迫使某人把價錢從…減到…toknocksb./sb.'spricedownfrom...to...對兒童/學生的特惠價specialreducedrateforchildren/students物有所值tobecheapattheprice以低于定價的價格出售某物tosellsth.forlessthanthelistprice低于成本價tobebelowcost商人買進的原價first/primecost(price)減價商品cut-pricegoods/cut-rategoods物價昂貴的年份adearyear物價的大幅度波動thedipsydoodleprice“thedipsydoodleprice”可以直譯為“大幅波動的價格”?！癲ipsydoodle”作名詞時有“大幅度波動”的意思。例如：“thedipsydoodlepriceofoil”就是“大幅波動的石油價格”，用來形容石油價格不穩(wěn)定，起伏變化較大。如果你想表達具體的上升或下降，可以說“theupward/downwarddipsydoodleprice”，分別表示“向上/向下大幅波動的價格”。無價的(極其珍貴的)tobebeyond/above/withoutprice以最低的價格atrock-bottomprice(物價)趨于平穩(wěn)(ofprices)toleveloff工資和物價交替上升thespiralofrisingwagesandprices以低于市場價格100元出售…tooffersth.at100yuanbelow(its)marketvalue按照市價銷售tosellsth.atthemarket調(diào)整物價toregulate/adjustprices(通過廣告等宣傳的)大減價thereisaspecialonsth.;(ofsth.)tobeonspecial物美價廉fillingattheprice要價太高toasktoomuch(物品)價錢太貴(ofgoods)tobedear/expensive;thepriceof...istoohigh/istoosteep高價購買togivealongpricefor...;topaydearfor...大甩賣…todisposeone'sgoodsatreducedprices(disposalofone'sgoodsatreducedprices)賣得好價錢tofetchagoodprice向某人為某事/某物敲竹杠(索要高價)torushsb.forsth.;tooverchargesb.forsth.有上漲趨勢的房價housepricestrendingupwards大幅度的降價sweepingreductionsinprices物價暴跌drasticslump/fallofprices;pricesfallrapidly(tumble)哄抬物價price-jacking高檔/低檔價位ahigh/lowrangeofprices以高/低價atahigh/lowrate高得邪乎的價格wickedprices三、情景譯例精選這幾年物價沒有大幅度上升而是保持平穩(wěn)。Priceshaven'trisensharplybutremainedstableinrecentyears.生產(chǎn)成本如果增加，勢必要使產(chǎn)品的價格上揚。Anyincreaseinproductioncostsissuretosendpricesup.汽車在漲價。Thepriceofcarsisgoingup./Carsaregoingup(inprice).上周伊朗政府提高了石油價格。TheGovernmentofIranadvancedthepriceofpetroleumlastweek.然而，由于供過于求，19英寸顯示器的價格可能會急劇下跌；另一方面由于缺貨，15英寸顯示器的價格則可能會上提。However,pricesfor19-inchmonitorscouldseeasharpdropsincethereisanoversupply,andtheshortageof15-inchonesmaypushuppricesinthefuture.這條高速公路建成后，這塊地的價格大漲。Thislandhasappreciatedsincetheexpresswaywasbuilt.食品缺乏促使價格上漲。Thescarcityoffoodforcedpricesup.眼下物價高得上了天。Pricesaresky-highatthemoment.蘋果每箱漲價二至五分錢。Applesappreciated2to5centsperbox.隨著冬季的到來，西方各國也強烈要求抬高價格，因此東南亞在本周再創(chuàng)價格新高。SoutheastAsianpriceshitnewhighsthisweekasstrongwesternworlddemandsrisewiththebeginningofthewinteringseason.我們?yōu)橛邪盐盏玫侥亲孔泳投喑隽藘r。Weofferedovertheoddsforthehousetomakesurewegotit.船價漲到了10元。Theferryhikedthefareto10yuan.價格扶搖直上，令人吃驚。Thecostsaremountingprodigiously.這幅畫價值連城。Thispaintingisworthaking'sransom.本飯莊供應(yīng)各色海鮮，豐儉隨意。Thisrestaurantprovidesavarietyofsea-foodtosuiteverypocket.他們出售房子要價很高。They'vepricedtheirhouseveryhigh.城里房地產(chǎn)的價格高得使人望而卻步。Thecostofpropertyinthecityisprohibitive.這輛汽車漫天要價，高得讓人買不起。Thiscarisprohibitivelyexpensive.成本增加了，價格也要相應(yīng)提高。Costshaverisen,andpriceswillriseproportionately./Ifproductioncostsgoup,therewillbeaprorataincreaseinprices/priceswillincreaseprorata.“Aprorataincrease”指的是“按比例增加”?！皃rorata”源自拉丁語，意為“按比例的；成比例的”。在商業(yè)、經(jīng)濟或財務(wù)等領(lǐng)域，當提及“aprorataincrease”時，意味著某事物（如價格、工資、股息等）的增長是依據(jù)一定比例進行的。例如：Employeeswillreceiveaprorataincreaseintheirsalariesbasedontheirperformanceratings.（員工將根據(jù)他們的績效評級獲得按比例增加的工資。）這表明績效評級不同，工資增加的幅度按一定比例有所差異。Therentfortheofficespacewillhaveaprorataincreaseaccordingtotheinflationrate.（辦公場地的租金將根據(jù)通貨膨脹率按比例增加。）即租金的增長幅度與通貨膨脹率成比例關(guān)系。那家餐館可真敲了我們竹杠。Thatrestaurantreallyrookedus.他們提高了玉米的價格。Theybumpedthepriceofcorn.這個國家明年物價將有上漲的趨勢。Thiscountry'spriceswillbebuoyantnextyear.因經(jīng)濟衰退狀況終止有望，股票價格得以保持高位。Sharepriceswerebuoyedupbyhopesofanendtotherecession.一分價錢一分貨。Goodqualitygoodscomehigh.我很喜歡那輛汽車，可是價錢貴得嚇人。I'dlovethatcar,butitcoststheearth/I'llpaytheearth/I'llbechargedtheearth.這兒的食物價格太高。Thepriceoffoodhereisexorbitant.今年石油價格急劇上漲。Thereisanexplosionofoilpricesthisyear.今日股票價格大幅度上升。HeavygainswererecordedontheStockExchangetoday.一杯咖啡要50元?真是敲竹杠！50yuanforacupofcoffee?Whatarip-off!那個消息引起了鋼鐵價格的猛漲。Thenewscausedabreakthroughinsteelprices.千萬不要照牌價買汽車，總得講講價才是。Neverpaytheadvertisedpriceforacar;alwaystrytobargain.那些貨物是廉價出售的。Thosegoodsareofferedatabargain.那輛汽車我本該討個好價錢，只是我并不大會討價還價。Ioughttohavegotabetterpriceforthecar,butIamnotaverygoodbusiness-man.他以舊換新，折價買了一輛新牌子的汽車。Hetradedinhisoldcarforanewmodel.本周買胡蘿卜和洋白菜最合算，因為貨源充足，價格低廉。Bestbuysoftheweekarecarrotsandcabbages,whichareplentifulandcheap./Bestbuysoftheweekarecarrotsandcabbages,ofwhichabuyer'smarketappears.你的上衣買得可真不值。Yourcoatwasabadbuy.度假要花許多錢，但如能幫助你恢復(fù)健康，花多少錢都值。Theholidaywillbeveryexpensivebutifithelpstomakeyoufitandhealthyagainitwillbecheapattheprice.這家商店廉價出售收音機。Theshophasradiosgoingcheap/sellsradiosoffcheap.房價已暴跌。Housepriceshavetakenanosedive/havenosedived/hasplunged.今年的物價下降了。Pricesareabated(lowered)thisyear./Thisyearseespriceabatement.這種天氣使蔬菜的價格下跌了。Theweathersendsvegetablepricesdown.正當14英寸以下的小型顯示器退出市場之時，15英寸CRT顯示器的價格已跌至每臺100~200美元之間。Whilesmall-sizemonitors—14-inchandbelow—arefadingoutofthemarkets,thepricesfor15-inchCRTshavedroppedtobetween$100and$200each.今年年內(nèi)和明年之初，由于17英寸顯示器的價格已經(jīng)跌到最低點，它們只能微跌到每臺160美元~180美元。Fortherestofthisyearandthebeginningofthenext,17-inchmonitorpriceswilldropslightlyto$160~180eachastheyhavealreadybottomedout.假日削價求售。Priceswereaxedforholidaysale.這種型號的自行車削價出售。Thismodelofbikeisonoffer.這輛車真是買得便宜。Thiscarwasarealbuy/agoodbuy/abestbuy.他那輛汽車要價800英鎊，而我把價殺/壓到了600英鎊。Hewanted￡800forthecarbutIbeathimdownto￡600/beatdownthepriceto?600.你們應(yīng)該薄利多銷，不應(yīng)一口價。Youshouldworkonsmallprofitmarginsandfastsales.Andyourbusinessisn'tbuiltontheprincipleofonepricetoall?她出價2000元要買那幅畫。Shebade2000yuanforthatpicture.“bade”是動詞“bid”的過去式，“bid”常見的詞性為動詞，過去分詞形式有“bidden”（較正式）和“bid”兩種，其含義和用法較為豐富：表示“出價；投標”：常用于商業(yè)交易或拍賣場景。在拍賣中，競買人出價競買物品，例如：Hebade$1000fortheantiquepainting.（他出價1000美元競買這幅古畫。）公司參與項目投標時，如：Thecompanybadeonthenewinfrastructureproject.（這家公司對新的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項目進行投標。）表示“吩咐；命令”：此用法較為正式，常帶有權(quán)威性。例如：Thecommanderbadehissoldierstoadvance.（指揮官命令他的士兵前進。）表示“向（某人）說（問候、告別等話語）”：例如：Shebadefarewelltoherfriends.（她向朋友們告別。）也可以說“badesb.goodmorning/goodbye”等，表達向某人說早上好/再見。這些貨物的要價遠遠超過了它們的實際價值。Thegoodsarebiddenupfarbeyondtheirrealvalue.現(xiàn)在物價的最高限度已被取消。Nowthepriceceilingshavebeenremoved.丹麥的貨幣一度是歐洲最弱軟的，現(xiàn)在變得十分堅挺。TheDanishcurrency,onceamongtheweakestinEurope,isnowrock-solid.顧客：請問什么價錢?供應(yīng)商：每件65美元。顧客：價錢可夠高的。供應(yīng)商：我們比競爭對手報價低。Customer:what'stheprice?Supplier:US$65perpiece.Customer:That'sratherhigh.Supplier:Itcomparesfavorablywithourcompetitors.這衣服才20元，真是便宜貨。Thisdressisastealat20yuan.這種自行車的價格定得太高了。Thistypeofbicycleisoutrageouslypriced.這雙皮鞋的價格簡直是宰人。Thepriceofthispairofshoesissimplyoutrageous.這是我們的最低價了。Thisisourrock-bottomprice.這個小商販向我開了大價錢。Thispedlarchargedmeanarmandaleg.這么一來大米的價格暴跌。Itknockedthebottomoutofthericemarket.汽車修理廠給我的舊汽車作價500英鎊。Thegarageallowedme￡500onmyoldcar.股票價格今天反彈了/回升了。Sharepricesbouncedbacktoday.青菜在冬季能賣得好價錢。Greenvegetablesbringagoodpriceinwinter.食品供應(yīng)不足時，售價較高。Foodcommandsahigherpricewhenitisscarce.由于供大于求，雞蛋價格作了反季節(jié)性的下跌。Theeggshavetakenacontraseasonaldropinpricebecauseofsurplussupplies.你要是能減點價，我就愿意再讓一步。Ifyoucandropyourpricealittle,I'llmeetyouhalf-way.本店服裝全部減價出售。Ourstorediscountedallclothingforthesale.我們原希望買下這座房子，但另一對夫婦不斷抬價與我們競買。Wehadhopedtogetthehousebutanothercouplewasbiddingagainstus.房子賣給了出價最高的人。Thehousewenttothehighestbidder.還有出更高價的嗎?Anyhigher/furtherbids?拍賣中出價很踴躍。Biddingwasbriskattheauction.這里有電冰箱之類的高價商品。Therearebig-ticketitemssuchasrefrigeratorshere.本周蔬菜售價很高。Vegetablesarebringingahighpricethisweek.政府對每包香煙額外提價10便士，這一舉措頗不得人心。TheGovernmenthasclappedanextratenpenceonapackageofcigarettes.成批買這些貨物就會便宜些。Itcomescheaperifyoubuythesegoodsinbulk.一件外套要500元?簡直是敲竹杠！500yuanforoneovercoat?It'sdaylightrobbery!在一月份大減價以后市面總要有一段清淡時期。There'salwaysadullperiodaftertheJanuarysales.這一特價優(yōu)惠是專門為本報讀者提供的。Thisspecialofferhasbeenexclusivelydesignedforreadersofthisnews-paper.我們出不起這個價。Wecan'tgotheprice.我無論花多少錢也要買下這幅畫。I'dliketobuythispaintingandhangtheexpence.物價已經(jīng)降到了最低點。Priceshavereached(the)hardpan.你看見這張菜單了嗎?簡直是漫天要價！Haveyouseenthisbill?It'siniquitous!我們設(shè)法把店主的價錢從200元壓到了150元。Wemanagedtoknockthestorekeeper/thestorekeeper'spricefrom200yuanto150yuanRMB.股票價格經(jīng)昨天急劇上提后已趨平穩(wěn)。Sh