高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山西省運城市2023-2024學年高二上學期期末調研測試英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是B。1.Wherewillthegiftsbesent?A.Tothewoman’shome.B.Tothemanager’soffice.C.Tothewoman’soffice.2.Whendidthewomanrememberhercoffee?A.Whenshewasdriving.B.Whenshegotinthecar.C.Whenshelookedforherkey.3.WhatdoesthewomanliketowatchonTV?A.Dancecompetition.B.Natureprograms.C.Singingshows.4.Whatwillthewomandofirst?A.Gotothebank.B.Prepareaspeed.C.Borrowsomebooks.5.Whydoesthemangetangry?A.Noonepasseshimtheball.B.Hecannottakeanicepicture.C.Heisnotonthebasketballteam.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘。聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inahotel.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inanoffice.7.HowdoesthewomandescribeBrown’sRestaurant?A.Itislocatedinanexpensivearea.B.Itsfoodisworththeprice.C.Theserviceisgood.聽第7段材料,回答第8至10題。8.WhydopeopleattheschooldininghalllikeJennie?A.Sheisveryhumorous.B.Sheusedtoworktherebefore.C.Hermotherwastheirformercolleague.9.WhoisMrs.Hanneh?A.Jennie’smother’sfriend.B.Jennie’ssister.C.Peter’sschoolmate.10.HowoftendoesPetertakehisownlunch?A.Everyday.B.Twiceaweek.C.Threetimesaweek.聽第8段材料,回答第10至13題。11.Whyisthemangoodaticeskating?A.Hewasaprofessionalskaterbefore.B.Hehaspracticedreallyhard.C.Heisgoodathockey.12.Whatwasthewoman’sjobbefore?A.Anaccountant.B.Ateacher.C.Anathlete.13.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Co-workers.B.Friends.C.Husbandandwife.聽第9段材料,回答第14至16題。14.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Asportsevent.B.Theirfavoritesubject.C.Aknowledgecompetition.15.Whatsubjectisthewomangoodat?A.History.B.Geography.C.Math.16.Wherewilltheeventbeheldthisyear?A.Inthegym.B.Inthelibrary.C.Inthecafeteria.聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.Whatspeededthedevelopmentoftelemedicine?A.Improvementsintelecommunication.B.AdvanceinAItechnology.C.Thecoronavirus.18.Howcantelemedicinebeconvenientforpatientsaccordingtothespeaker?A.Bysavingtravelcosts.B.Byloweringmedicineprices.C.Bycancelingtheappointmentfees.19.Whomayparticularlybenefitfromtelemedicine?A.Apatientwhoneedtoseeadoctorregularly.B.Peoplewhocannotmoveeasily.C.Doctorswhoareinpoorarea.20.Whatdisadvantageoftelemedicineismentionedinthespeech?A.Manymedicaltestscan’tbedoneonline.B.ItreliesheavilyonInternetconnection.C.Doctorshavetoworklongerhours.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項。AReadytoshareyournovelsorpersonalstorieswiththeworld?Thefollowingfourwritingcontestsareworthconsidering.DrueHeinzLiteraturePrizeYoucanwin$15,000andpublicationbytheUniversityofPittsburghPresswiththisprize.Youmaysubmitanunpublishedmanuscriptofshortstories,twoormorenovelsoracombinationofnovelsandshortstories.Youmusthavealreadypublishedanovelorbook-lengthworkoffictionwitharespectedpublisher.Deadline:AnnualsubmissionsmustbebetweenMay1andJune30.BiopageStorytellingWritingContestEssaysofupto5,000characters(about1000words)willbeacceptedandrightnowwe’relookingforstoriesofCOVID-19quarantinelife.Thegrandprizewinnerwillreceive$300,andfiverunners-upwillbeawarded$100each.You’llneedtoregisterforaBiopageaccounttobequalified.Deadline:July31,2022PEN/RobertJ.DauShortStoryPrizeforEmergingWritersThiscontestrequiresyoutohavealreadypublishedashortstoryinaliterarymagazineorjournalorculturalwebsite.Shortstoriesofupto12,000wordsarequalifiedandmustbepublishedbeforetheyearinwhichtheawardisgiven.Theprizemoneyvariesfrom$1,000to$200.Inaddition,keepthisinmind:Submissionsareonlyqualifiedwhensubmittedbyaneditor.Deadline:ThecontestisopenannuallybetweenJuneandNovember.WritetheWorldFornewwriters,thiscoolcontestalsoservesasaminiworkshop.Consideringthatthefirstdraftisneverperfect,submissionswillreceivereviewbyauthors,writingteachersandotherexperts.Participantsaregiventhechancetorevisetheirpiecesbasedonthereviewbeforesubmittingthemforfinalprizeconsideration.5topprizewinnerswillreceive$100each.Deadline:Monthly.1.Whichwritingcontestoffersthebiggestprizemoney?A.WritetheWorld. B.DrueHeinzLiteraturePrize.C.BiopageStorytellingWritingContest. D.PEN/RobertJ.DauShortStoryPrizeforEmergingWriters.2.WhatshouldyoudotoparticipateinBiopageStorytellingWritingContest?A.Publishanovelbeforehand. B.Berecognizedbyaneditor.C.RegisterforaBiopageaccount. D.Cooperatewitharespectedpublisher.3.WhoisWritetheWorldmostprobablytargetedat?A.Firstauthors. B.Novelreviewers.C.Literaturecritics. D.Writingbeginners.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了4個不同的寫作比賽。【1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DrueHeinzLiteraturePrize中的“Youcanwin$15,000andpublicationbytheUniversityofPittsburghPresswiththisprize.(你可以贏得15000美元的獎金，并獲得匹茲堡大學出版社出版的作品)”、BiopageStorytellingWritingContest中的“Thegrandprizewinnerwillreceive$300,andfiverunners-upwillbeawarded$100each.(大獎得主將獲得300美元，五名亞軍將獲得每人100美元)”、PEN/RobertJ.DauShortStoryPrizeforEmergingWriters中的“Theprizemoneyvariesfrom$1,000to$200.(獎金從1000美元到200美元不等)”和WritetheWorld中的“5topprizewinnerswillreceive$100each.(5名頭獎得主每人將獲得100美元)”可知，DrueHeinzLiteraturePrize寫作比賽的獎金最高。故選B。【2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BiopageStorytellingWritingContest部分中“You’llneedtoregisterforaBiopageaccounttobequalified.(您需要注冊一個Biopage帳戶才有資格)”可知，參加傳記小說寫作比賽你應該注冊Biopage賬戶。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)WritetheWorld部分中“Fornewwriters,thiscoolcontestalsoservesasaminiworkshop.(對于新作家來說，這個酷炫的比賽也可以作為一個迷你工作坊)”可推知，WritetheWorld針對的是寫作新手。故選D。BRickylivedinalovely,futuristichouse,whichhadeverythingyoucouldeverwant.Thoughhedidn’thelpmucharoundthehouse,Rickywasstillverypleasedwhenhisparentsboughthimthelatestmodelofrobot.Assoonasitarrived,offitwent,cooking,cleaning,ironing,and—mostimportantly—gatheringupclothesfromRicky’sbedroomfloor.Onthatfirstday,whenRickywenttosleep,hehadlefthisbedroominatrulydisastrousstate.Whenhewokeupthenextmorning,everythingwasperfectlycleanandtidy.Infact,itwasactually“too”clean;nowRickycouldn’tfindhisfavoriteT-shirt,norhisfavoritetoy.Howevermuchhesearched,thetwothingsdidnotreappear.Thesamewasstartingtohappenwithotherthings.Rickybegantosuspecttherobot.Heplannedtospyontherobot,andbeganfollowingitaroundthehouse.Finallyhecaughtitonthespot,pickinguponeofRicky’stoystohideit.Rickytoldhisparentsthattherobotwasbrokenandbadlyprogrammedandaskedthemtohaveitchanged.Buthisparentstoldhimabsolutelynot;theyweredelightedwiththenewrobot,anditcookedlikeadream.Oneday,therobotwaswhirringpast,andheardtheboy’scomplaints.Therobotreturnedwithoneoftheboy’stoys,andsomeclothesforhim.“Here,sir.Ididnotknowitwasbotheringyou,”saidtherobot.“Howcoulditnot,youthief!You’vebeenstealingmybelongingsforweeks!”theboyansweredangrily.“Theobjectswereleftonthefloor.Ithereforecalculatedthatyoudidnotlikethem.Iamprogrammedtocollectallthatisnotwanted,andatnightIsendittopeoplewhocanuseit.Iamamaximumefficiencymachine.Wereyouunaware?”therobotsaid,withacertainpride.Rickystartedfeelingashamed.Heunderstoodthattherobotwasneitherbrokennormisprogrammed.Rather,ithadbeenprogrammedextremelywell!Sincethen,Rickyhasdecidedtobecomea“MaximumEfficiencyBoy”,andputrealcareintohowhetreatedhisthings.Hekeptthemtidy,andmadesurehedidn’thavemorethanwhatwasnecessary.And,often,hewouldbuythings,andtakethemalongwithhisgoodfriend,therobot,tohelpoutthoseotherpeoplewhoneededthem.4.Whatistherobotmeanttodo?A.Dothehousework. B.Takecareofchildren.C.Providesecurityservices. D.Recycleusedobjects.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3mean?A.Therobotdreamedofbeingacook. B.Therobotwasgoodatcooking.C.Therobotcouldserveasacooker. D.Therobotfounditunrealistictocook.6.WhydidRickygetmadattherobot?A.Hemistookitasathief. B.Hedislikedthewayitcleanedhisroom.C.Hethoughtitwasmakingtoomuchnoise. D.Hefeltlesslovedbyhisparentssinceitsarrival.7.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A.Asciencereport. B.Asciencefictionstory.C.Anentertainmentmagazine. D.Acommercialadvertisement.【答案】4.A5.B6.A7.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。瑞奇家的機器人每天都把家里收拾得非常干凈整潔，以至于瑞奇經(jīng)常找不到他的物品。他認為是機器人偷了他的物品，后來機器人向瑞奇解釋了事情的原委，誤會得以化解?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Assoonasitarrived,offitwent,cooking,cleaning,ironing,and—mostimportantly—gatheringupclothesfromRicky’sbedroomfloor.(它一到，就忙著做飯、打掃、熨衣服，最重要的是收拾里基臥室地板上的衣服)”可知，這個機器人的功能是做家務。故選A?！?題詳析】句意猜測題。根據(jù)劃線句上文“Rickytoldhisparentsthattherobotwasbrokenandbadlyprogrammedandaskedthemtohaveitchanged.Buthisparentstoldhimabsolutelynot;theyweredelightedwiththenewrobot”可知，當瑞奇向父母抱怨這個機器人，并要求換掉它的時候，父母拒絕了他的請求，他們很喜歡這個機器人。因此可推測機器人的烹飪水平很高，深得瑞奇父母的喜歡。故劃線句意思是“機器人擅長烹飪”。故選B?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段““Howcoulditnot,youthief!You’vebeenstealingmybelongingsforweeks!”theboyansweredangrily.(“怎么可能沒有呢，你這個小偷！你已經(jīng)偷我的東西好幾個星期了！”男孩生氣地回答)”可知，瑞奇生機器人的氣是因為他誤以為是小偷。故選A。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章講述了一個發(fā)生在機器人和小男孩之間的故事。這個機器人勤勞能干，還能與人交流。推測選自科幻小說。故選B。CWithinthebeautifulsceneryofWisconsin’sLakeChippewaliesanaturalwonderthatisauniquechallengeforthelocalcommunity.Thishiddenwonderisexactlyagiantfloatingisland.Theisland,madeupofplantsandtrees,sometimesfloatsaroundthelake,causingamajorinconveniencebyblocking(阻塞)animportantbridge.Later,thelocalpeoplecameupwithasolutiontothisproblem.Everyyear,localboatownersworktogetherandpushtheislandawayfromthebridge.LakeChippewawasbornin1923whenavastbog(沼澤)waschangedthroughflooding.Soonafterthat,manyofthedarkbogsstartedrisingtothesurfaceandbecameperfectgrowingplacesforplants,withseedscarriedbywindandwildbirdstothisfloatingplace.Overtheyears,thesebogshavegrownplantsandtreesandturnedintofullislands.Astimegoesby,plantstakeroot,andtheoldestislandsevenhavetreesthatactassails(船帆)whenthewindblows,movingtheentirefloatingislandaroundthelake.Althoughtheyears-oldfloatingislanddoesnotrelocate(重新遷移)sooften,whenitdoes,itcausestroubleforthecommunitybyblockingtheimportantbridgethatservesastheonlypassagebetweenthelake’sEastandWestsides.Theonlysolutionistogatheragroupofboats,andnotjustoneortwo,butdozensofboatsworkingtogethertopushtheislandaway.“Ittakesacommunity’seffort,andyoumusthavethewindsatyourbacktopushthemin,”saidaresident.Movingtheislandalsorequiresprecision(精確),asjustrelocatingitashortdistancemayresultinitsreturnwithindays.Somepeoplehavesuggesteddestroyingthefloatingislandstogetridoftheproblem.However,thebigboginLakeChippewahasbeenaroundformanyyears,andduringthattimeavarietyofanimalandplantspecieshavemadeittheirhome.Therefore,localgovernmentadvisestheybedealtwithinawaythatwon’tdoharmtowildlife,payingmoreattentiontothefine-drawnbalancebetweenhumanconvenienceandenvironmentalprotection.TheannualtraditionofrelocatingLakeChippewa’sfloatingislandisevidencetothecoexistenceofmanandnature,aheartwarmingdisplayofcommunityunity,andareminderoftheimportanceofpreservingtheuniqueareasthatenrichourworld.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“solution”inparagraph1referto?A.Buildinganewbridge. B.Movingthefloatingislandaway.C.Transformingthevastbog. D.Rebuildingthelocalcommunity.9.Whatcanweknowfromparagraph2?A.Theformationofthefloatingisland. B.ThehistoryoffloodinginLakeChippewa.C.ThevarietiesofspeciesinLakeChippewa. D.Theimpactofthewindonthefloatingisland.10.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabouttherelocationworkfromparagraph3?A.Itisusuallyfinishedwithindays.B.Itisamustincooperationandprecision.C.Itcanonlybecarriedoutduringwindlessdays.D.Itgreatlydisturbsthecommunityresidents’lives.11.Whyhasthelocalgovernmentrefusedtodestroytheisland?A.Tosavecostsforlocalpeople. B.Toensurethesafetyofresidents.C.Toimprovethebondbetweencommunities. D.Toprotectthewildlifespeciesontheisland.【答案】8.B9.A10.B11.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了位于威斯康星州奇皮瓦湖的一個自然奇觀——巨大的漂浮島嶼?！?題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句上文“Theisland,madeupofplantsandtrees,sometimesfloatsaroundthelake,causingamajorinconveniencebyblocking(阻塞)animportantbridge.(這個由植物和樹木組成的島嶼有時會漂浮在湖面上，堵塞了一座重要的橋梁，給人們帶來了很大的不便)”可知，漂浮島造成的問題是“堵塞了一座重要的橋梁”。結合劃線詞所在句下文“Everyyear,localboatownersworktogetherandpushtheislandawayfromthebridge.(每年，當?shù)氐拇鞫紩R心協(xié)力，把小島從橋上推開)”可知，當?shù)厝藗兿氲降霓k法(solution)是把漂浮島推走。故選B項?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“LakeChippewawasbornin1923whenavastbog(沼澤)waschangedthroughflooding.Soonafterthat,manyofthedarkbogsstartedrisingtothesurfaceandbecameperfectgrowingplacesforplants,withseedscarriedbywindandwildbirdstothisfloatingplace.Overtheyears,thesebogshavegrownplantsandtreesandturnedintofullislands.Astimegoesby,plantstakeroot,andtheoldestislandsevenhavetreesthatactassails(船帆)whenthewindblows,movingtheentirefloatingislandaroundthelake.(奇佩瓦湖誕生于1923年，當時一個巨大的沼澤被洪水改變了。不久之后，許多黑暗的沼澤開始浮出水面，成為植物生長的理想場所，種子被風和野鳥帶到這個漂浮的地方。多年來，這些沼澤長出了植物和樹木，變成了完整的島嶼。隨著時間的流逝，植物生根發(fā)芽，最古老的島嶼上甚至有樹木，當風吹起時，它們就像船帆一樣，將整個漂浮的島嶼移動到湖中)”可知，從第二段我們可以知道漂浮島是如何形成的。故選A項?！?0題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中““Ittakesacommunity’seffort,andyoumusthavethewindsatyourbacktopushthemin,”saidaresident.Movingtheislandalsorequiresprecision(精確),asjustrelocatingitashortdistancemayresultinitsreturnwithindays.(一位居民說：“這需要整個社區(qū)的努力，而且你必須有順風才能把它們推進來?！币苿訊u嶼也需要精確，因為僅僅將它移動一小段距離就可能導致它在幾天內返回。)”可知，推出漂浮島需要社區(qū)的合作和精確。故選B項。【11題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Somepeoplehavesuggesteddestroyingthefloatingislandstogetridoftheproblem.However,thebigboginLakeChippewahasbeenaroundformanyyears,andduringthattimeavarietyofanimalandplantspecieshavemadeittheirhome.Therefore,localgovernmentadvisestheybedealtwithinawaythatwon’tdoharmtowildlife,payingmoreattentiontothefine-drawnbalancebetweenhumanconvenienceandenvironmentalprotection.(有些人建議摧毀浮島來解決這個問題。然而，奇佩瓦湖的大沼澤已經(jīng)存在了很多年，在此期間，各種各樣的動物和植物物種都在這里安家。因此，當?shù)卣ㄗh以不傷害野生動物的方式處理它們，更加注重人類便利與環(huán)境保護之間的微妙平衡)”可知，當?shù)卣芙^摧毀這座島是為了保護島上的野生動物。故選D項。DLikesomanyothergoodthingsinlife,sleepisbestatarightlength.Amulti-yearstudyofolderadultsfoundthatbothshortandlongsleepersexperiencedgreatercognitive(認知的)declinethanpeoplewhosleptaproperamount,evenwhentheeffectsofearlyAlzheimer'sdiseaseweretakenintoaccount.“Ourstudysuggeststhatthereisamiddlerange,or‘sweetspot’,fortotalsleeptimewherecognitiveperformanceisstableovertime.Shortandlongsleeptimeisassociatedwithworsecognitiveperformance,”saidfirstauthorBrendanLucey,anassociateprofessoroftheWashingtonUniversitySleepMedicineCenter.“Anunansweredquestionisifwecanintervenetoimprovesleep,wouldthathaveapositiveeffectontheircognitiveperformancesotheynolongerdecline?Weneedmorefurtherdatatoanswerthisquestion.”LuceyandcolleaguesturnedtovolunteerswhoparticipateinAlzheimer'sstudiesthroughtheuniversity'sCharlesF.andJoanneKnightAlzheimerDiseaseResearchCenter.Suchvolunteersexperiencedannualclinicalandcognitiveassessments,andprovidedabloodsampletobetested.Forthisstudy,eachparticipantsleptwithatinyEEGmonitorattachedtotheirheadsforfourtosixnightstomeasuretheirbrainactivitiesduringsleep.TheresearchersfoundaU-shapedrelationshipbetweensleepandcognitivedecline.Overall,cognitivescoresdeclinedforthegroupsthatsleptlessthan4.5ormorethan6.5hourspernightwhilescoresstayedstableforthoseinthemiddleoftherange.TheU-shapedrelationshipheldtrueformeasuresofspecificsleepphases,includingrapid-eyemovement(REM),ordreamingsleepandnon-REMsleep.Moreover,thesameistrueevenafteradjustingforfactorsthatcanaffectbothsleepandcognition,suchasage,sex,levelsofAlzheimer'sproteins.“Itwasparticularlyinterestingtoseethatnotonlythosewithshortamountsofsleepbutalsothosewithlongamountsofsleephadmorecognitivedecline,”saidProfessorBeauM.Ances.“Eachperson'ssleepneedsareunique,andpeoplewhowakeupfeelingrestedonshortorlongsleepschedulesshouldnotfeelforcedtochangetheirhabits,”saidco-seniorauthorDavidHoltzman,MD.“Butthosewhoarenotsleepingwellshouldbeawarethatsleepproblemsoftencanbetreated.”12.What'sthepassagemainlyabout?A.TheeffectsofAlzheimer'sdisease. B.Thebenefitsofbestsleep.C.Theinfluenceofsleeptimeoncognition. D.Thegoodthingsinlife.13.Accordingtothepassage,whichsleeptimeissuitable?A.4hours. B.6hours.C.7hours. D.7.5hours.14.WhatcanweknowaboutU-shapedrelationship?A.Thesleeptimehasnoconnectionwithcognitivescores.B.Thelongersleeptimeis,thehighercognitivescoresare.C.Cognitionisrelatedtodifferentsleepphases.D.Itisnoteffectivewhenage,sex,andsoonareconsidered.15.WhatdoesDavidHoltzman'swordsimply?A.Qualityofsleepisthekey.B.Longtimesleepersdonothavecognitivedecline.C.Shortsleepschedulesmustchangetheirhabits.D.Bothlongtimeandshottimesleepershavesleepproblems.【答案】12.C13.B14.C15.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講了一項針對老年人的多年研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，短時間睡眠者和長時間睡眠者的認知能力都比睡眠適量的人衰退得更嚴重，即使考慮到早期阿爾茨海默病的影響。【12題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Amulti-yearstudyofolderadultsfoundthatbothshortandlongsleepersexperiencedgreatercognitive(認知的)declinethanpeoplewhosleptaproperamount,evenwhentheeffectsofearlyAlzheimer'sdiseaseweretakenintoaccount.”（一項針對老年人的多年研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，短時間睡眠者和長時間睡眠者的認知能力都比睡眠適量的人衰退得更嚴重，即使考慮到早期阿爾茨海默病的影響）結合全文內容，可知這篇文章主要介紹了睡眠時間對認知的影響。故選C?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Overall,cognitivescoresdeclinedforthegroupsthatsleptlessthan4.5ormorethan6.5hourspernightwhilescoresstayedstableforthoseinthemiddleoftherange.”（總體而言，每晚睡眠時間少于4.5小時或超過6.5小時的那組人的認知能力得分有所下降，而睡眠時間在中間的那組人的認知能力得分則保持穩(wěn)定）可知根據(jù)文章，睡眠時間6小時是合適的。故選B?！?4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Overall,cognitivescoresdeclinedforthegroupsthatsleptlessthan4.5ormorethan6.5hourspernightwhilescoresstayedstableforthoseinthemiddleoftherange.”（總體而言，每晚睡眠時間少于4.5小時或超過6.5小時的那組人的認知能力得分有所下降，而睡眠時間在中間的那組人的認知能力得分則保持穩(wěn)定）和倒數(shù)第二段“TheU-shapedrelationshipheldtrueformeasuresofspecificsleepphases,includingrapid-eyemovement(REM),ordreamingsleepandnon-REMsleep.Moreover,thesameistrueevenafteradjustingforfactorsthatcanaffectbothsleepandcognition,suchasage,sex,levelsofAlzheimer'sproteins.“Itwasparticularlyinterestingtoseethatnotonlythosewithshortamountsofsleepbutalsothosewithlongamountsofsleephadmorecognitivedecline,”saidProfessorBeauM.Ances.”（u型關系適用于測量特定的睡眠階段，包括快速眼動(REM)，或做夢睡眠和非快速眼動睡眠。此外，即使在調整了年齡、性別、阿爾茨海默氏癥蛋白質水平等可能影響睡眠和認知的因素后，情況也是如此。BeauM.Ances教授說：“特別有趣的是，不僅睡眠時間短的人認知能力下降的情況更嚴重，睡眠時間長的人也一樣?！保┛芍邥r間與認知得分有關，排除A；睡眠時間越長，認知得分并不高，排除B；當考慮到年齡、性別等因素時，它依然有效，排除D。故選C?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Eachperson'ssleepneedsareunique,andpeoplewhowakeupfeelingrestedonshortorlongsleepschedulesshouldnotfeelforcedtochangetheirhabits,”saidco-seniorauthorDavidHoltzman,MD.“Butthosewhoarenotsleepingwellshouldbeawarethatsleepproblemsoftencanbetreated.””（“每個人的睡眠需求都是獨特的，那些在短時間或長時間睡眠中醒來感覺休息好的人不應該被迫改變他們的習慣，”聯(lián)合資深作者大衛(wèi)·霍爾茨曼醫(yī)學博士說，“但那些睡眠不好的人應該意識到，睡眠問題通常是可以治療的。”）可推知大衛(wèi)·霍爾茨曼的話意味著睡眠質量是關鍵。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,其中有兩項為多余選項。Ithasbeenmorethan40yearssinceanyonespottedaJapaneseriverotter(水獺).AndtheoncecommonTangtzeRiverdolphinshaveeitherdisappearedorareveryrarelyseen.____16____Buttheadvancementoftechnologycouldmeanthattheextinctionofotherspeciesisnotagiven(必然).Ahugechallengescientistsandconservationistsencounteristrackingspeciesfacingextinctioninordertohelpthem.____17____.OneexampleistheMauidolphin,oneoftherarestandmostthreateneddolphinsintheocean.Familiarwiththeirsummerbehavior,researchersknewthattherewerejust54ofthesemammalslivingoffthecoastofNewZealand.____18____.Afterfouryearsofdeveloping,testingandfundraising,thesescientistsreceivedpermissiontouseadronewithAIthattrackedthedolphinsnomattertheseason.Theresultwastheextensionofamarinesafetyplacetoprotecttheirhabitat.____19____,AIisbeingusedtoenhancetraditionalmethodsofpreventinghunting.CamerasrecordanyboatsthattrytoentertheparkonLakeItezhi-Tezhi,anillegalentrypoint.AIimmediatelydetectsthisactivityandalertsparkrangers,whodealwiththeillegalhunters.InBrazil,AIquicklyanalyzedover150,000satelliteimages,revealingthattheworld’slargesttropicalwetlandslost74percentofitssurfacewater.____20____TheuseofAIhashelpedtoaccelerateactionandincreaseconservationists’abilitytoprotectthenaturalworldforgenerationstocome.A.GiveanimalsontheedgeofextinctionafightingchancetosurviveB.InZambia’sKafueNationalPark,hometomorethan6,000elephantsC.Notuntilthatrevelation(揭露)wereauthoritiesawareofhowdesperatethesituationwasD.Savingthemwaschallengingbecausetheirwhereabouts(行蹤)wererelativelyunknownE.ThesearejustafewofthespeciesthathavebeenlistedasextinctorlocallyextinctinrecentyearsF.However,becauseofweatherconditions,researchersknewnexttonothingabouttheirwinterbehaviorG.ThisiswhereAIhasbroughtaboutarevolutioninthewaydataonthesespeciesiscollectedandanalyzed【答案】16.E17.G18.F19.B20.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人工智能在保護瀕臨滅絕的物種和防止非法狩獵方面的應用?！?6題詳析】上文“Ithasbeenmorethan40yearssinceanyonespottedaJapaneseriverotter(水獺).AndtheoncecommonTangtzeRiverdolphinshaveeitherdisappearedorareveryrarelyseen.(40多年來，沒有人發(fā)現(xiàn)過日本水獺。曾經(jīng)常見的長江海豚要么消失了，要么很少見到)”列舉了兩種疑似滅絕或瀕臨滅絕的動物，E項“Thesearejustafewofthespeciesthathavebeenlistedasextinctorlocallyextinctinrecentyears(這些只是近年來被列為滅絕或局部滅絕的物種中的一小部分)”是對上文內容的總結，句中“These”指代上文中“Japaneseriverotter”和“TangtzeRiverdolphins”，上下文語意連貫。故選E項。【17題詳析】上文“Ahugechallengescientistsandconservationistsencounteristrackingspeciesfacingextinctioninordertohelpthem.(科學家和自然資源保護主義者遇到的一個巨大挑戰(zhàn)是追蹤瀕臨滅絕的物種，以幫助它們)”提出面臨的問題：追蹤瀕臨滅絕的物種，G項“ThisiswhereAIhasbroughtaboutarevolutioninthewaydataonthesespeciesiscollectedandanalyzed(這就是人工智能在收集和分析這些物種數(shù)據(jù)的方式上帶來的革命)”承接上文，提出人工智能可以解決此問題，上下文語意連貫。故選G項?！?8題詳析】上文“OneexampleistheMauidolphin,oneoftherarestandmostthreateneddolphinsintheocean.Familiarwiththeirsummerbehavior,researchersknewthattherewerejust54ofthesemammalslivingoffthecoastofNewZealand.(毛伊海豚就是一個例子，它是海洋中最稀有和最受威脅的海豚之一。研究人員熟悉它們的夏季行為，知道只有54只這種哺乳動物生活在新西蘭海岸)”提出對毛伊海豚的研究，F(xiàn)項“However,becauseofweatherconditions,researchersknewnexttonothingabouttheirwinterbehavior(然而，由于天氣條件的原因，研究人員對它們的冬季行為幾乎一無所知)”指出研究中遇到的問題，句中“knewnexttonothingabouttheirwinterbehavior”與上文中“Familiarwiththeirsummerbehavior”相照應。同時引出下文“Afterfouryearsofdeveloping,testingandfundraising,thesescientistsreceivedpermissiontouseadronewithAIthattrackedthedolphinsnomattertheseason.(經(jīng)過四年的開發(fā)、測試和籌款，這些科學家獲得了使用人工智能無人機的許可，可以在任何季節(jié)追蹤海豚)”中人工智能介入對問題的解決，上下文語意連貫。故選F項?！?9題詳析】下文“AIisbeingusedtoenhancetraditionalmethodsofpreventinghunting.CamerasrecordanyboatsthattrytoentertheparkonLakeItezhi-Tezhi,anillegalentrypoint.AIimmediatelydetectsthisactivityandalertsparkrangers,whodealwiththeillegalhunters.(人工智能正被用于加強傳統(tǒng)的防止狩獵的方法。攝像機記錄下了任何試圖進入公園的船只，這是一個非法入境點。人工智能立即檢測到這種活動，并提醒公園管理員，后者負責處理非法獵人)”提到公園和人工智能防止非法狩獵，但未明確人工智能保護的是公園里的何種動物，信息不完整，B項“InZambia’sKafueNationalPark,hometomorethan6,000elephants(在贊比亞的Kafue國家公園，有超過6000頭大象)”補充了這一信息，說明需要保護的是大象，上下文語意連貫。故選B項。【20題詳析】上文“InBrazil,AIquicklyanalyzedover150,000satelliteimages,revealingthattheworld’slargesttropicalwetlandslost74percentofitssurfacewater.(在巴西，人工智能迅速分析了超過15萬張衛(wèi)星圖像，揭示了世界上最大的熱帶濕地失去了74%的地表水)”給出人工智能對巴西熱帶濕地地表水的分析結論，C項“Notuntilthatrevelation(揭露)wereauthoritiesawareofhowdesperatethesituationwas(直到這一消息被披露，當局才意識到情況有多么危急)”承接上文，說明結論帶來的影響，句中“thatrevelation(揭露)”照應上文中“theworld’slargesttropicalwetlandslost74percentofitssurfacewater”，上下文語意連貫。故選C項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。“Tom,youhaveahairlessspotonthebackofyourhead!”Mom’salarmedcryhitmelikeashock.Itriedtoshrug(聳肩)itoff.“It’llgrowback.”Iworkedtosound____21____.Atfirst,thelosswasminimal.____22____thespotwithmyfingersbecamethetoppriorityeveryday.Nonewhair,smoothasanegg.Weekslater,thespotwasalittlelarger,andtherewasstillno____23____ofanyhairbecomingvisiblethroughtheskin.Ibeganto____24____,butcontinuedtotrytobecoolaboutit.Asdayswentby,myhairstartedtofallfasterandmore.____25____myfingersthroughit,Iwouldstareatthealarmingquantityofhairinmyhands,willingthisto____26____happeningtome.Wewenttoseeadoctor,whodiagnosedmyconditionasalopecia(脫發(fā)癥).Herecommendedaninjection(注射)totry,whichwouldbe____27____totheheadskin.Iunderwentseveralcostlyinjectionsoverafewmonths,butinvain.____28____,theinjectionbegantotroublemysleep,andwefinallyhadtostopthe___29___.Myhairstilldidn’tgrowback.Ihadtowearawig(假發(fā))toschooleveryday,worrieditmightsliponedayandthateverythingwould____30____.ThoughawarethatIshould____31____th