2021-2022學(xué)年湖南省常德市高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題滿分：150分時(shí)量：120分鐘第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A2021AdmissionGuideforInternationalStudentsofBeijingForeignStudiesUniversityAboutBFSUEnrollmentBFSUenrollsinternationalstudentsintofull-timedegreeprograms.Degreeprogramsincludebachelor’sprograms,master’sprogramsandPhDprograms.BFSUgrantsBFSUdiplomastothestudentswhomeettherequirementsforgraduationbythedesignateddeadline,anddegreecertificatestothosewhomeettherequirementsofthedegreeprograms.BFSUenrollsbothliberalartsstudentsandsciencestudentsfromallovertheworld.SemesterAtBeijingForeignStudiesUniversity,eachacademicyearisdividedintospringandautumnsemesters.AutumnsemesteroftenstartsinSeptemberandendsinJanuarynextyear,whilespringsemesterusuallylastsfromFebruarytillJuly.ExactstartingandfinishingdatesofeachsemesteraresubjecttoBFSUacademiccalendar.DegreeProgramsBachelor’sprogramsDuration:4years.Studentswillbeawardeddiplomasuponsuccessfulcompletionofrequiredcourses,thethesis,andtheoraldefenseofthethesis.Thosewhofulfiltherequirementsforbachelor’sdegreewillalsobeawardedadegreecertificate.Master’sprogramsDuration:2or3years,dependingonthemajor.Studentswillbeawardeddiplomasandcertificatesformaster’sdegreeafteracquiringallcredits,finishingthethesisaswellastheoraldefenseofthethesis.PhDprogramsDuration:3years.Studentswillbeawardeddiplomasandcertificatesfordoctoraldegreeinthecaseofacquiringallcredits,certainachievementsinscientificresearch,andfinishingthePhDdissertationaswellastheoraldefenseofthethesis.1.Howlongdoeseachacademicyearusuallylast?A.About6months. B.About10months.C.About5months. D.About13months.2.Whatdoalldegreeprogramshaveincommon?A.BothChineseandforeignerscanapplyforthedegreeprograms.B.Thosewhogetdiplomasmustbeawardeddegreecertificates.C.Allprogramsneedstudentstostudyforthesameperiodoftime.D.Allprogramsrequirestudentstofulfilanoraldefenseofthethesis.3.What’sspecialaboutPhDprograms?A.Full-timePhDdegreeprogramswillbeprovided.B.Studentsshouldstudyforthreeyearstobequalifiedforthedegree.C.Studentsshouldgaincertainachievementsinscientificresearch.D.PhDprogramsenrollbothliberalartsandsciencestudents.【答案】1.B2.D3.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)國(guó)際生的錄取指南。【1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章Semester部分中“AtBeijingForeignStudiesUniversity,eachacademicyearisdividedintospringandautumnsemesters.AutumnsemesteroftenstartsinSeptemberandendsinJanuarynextyear,whilespringsemesterusuallylastsfromFebruarytillJuly.(在北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)，每學(xué)年分為春季和秋季兩個(gè)學(xué)期。秋季學(xué)期通常從9月開始到明年1月結(jié)束，而春季學(xué)期通常從2月持續(xù)到7月)”可知，每個(gè)學(xué)年從9月開始，到7月結(jié)束，可推知，每學(xué)年通常持續(xù)大約10個(gè)月。故選B項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Bachelor’sprograms部分中“Studentswillbeawardeddiplomasuponsuccessfulcompletionofrequiredcourses,thethesis,andtheoraldefenseofthethesis.(學(xué)生完成必修課程、畢業(yè)論文及論文答辯后，可獲得畢業(yè)證書)”和Master’sprograms部分中“finishingthethesisaswellastheoraldefenseofthethesis.(完成論文和論文的口頭答辯)”及PhDprograms部分中“finishingthePhDdissertationaswellastheoraldefenseofthethesis(完成博士論文及論文口頭答辯)”可知，所有學(xué)位課程的共同點(diǎn)是都要求學(xué)生完成論文的口頭答辯。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章PhDprograms部分中“Studentswillbeawardeddiplomasandcertificatesfordoctoraldegreeinthecaseofacquiringallcredits,certainachievementsinscientificresearch,andfinishingthePhDdissertationaswellastheoraldefenseofthethesis.(學(xué)生要取得全部學(xué)分，取得一定科研成果，完成博士學(xué)位論文及論文口頭答辯，才會(huì)被授予博士學(xué)位證書)”可知，博士課程的特別之處是學(xué)生應(yīng)該在科研方面取得一定的成績(jī)。故選C項(xiàng)。BPhotosofthemoonarebeautifuliftakenwell,butitcanbeveryhardtogetapictureofthemoonthatdoesn'tlookblurry!Inordertotakeaperfectpictureofthemoon,apartfromahigh-qualitycamera,theassociatedequipmentandtheskillstosetupyourcamera,youalsoneedtopickapropertimeandagoodplace.Chooseyourfavoritemoonphase.Themooncanbephotographedinanyphaseexceptthenewmoon,whichisnotvisibletoEarth.Thefirstquarter,half,andthirdquarterphasesprovidehighcontrastthatallowsyoutoseethecraters(坑)ingreaterdetail,whilethefullmoonisadramaticchoiceforaskyscraper.Whatphaseyouchooseisuptoyourpersonalpreference,butit'sbesttohaveaphasechosenbeforegoingouttophotographthemoon.Learnwhenthemoonrisesandsets.Whenthemoonsetsorrisesitisclosertothehorizon,makingitappearlargerandcloser.Thismakesitmucheasiertophotograph!Checkanalmanac(年歷)oraweatherappformoonrisingandsettingtimesinyourarea.Pickaclearnight.Clouds,fog,andairpollutionwillbluryourphotographs.Checkaweatherapporwatchtheweatherforecastbeforeleavingforyoursessionandwhilephotographing.Aclearnightwithlowsmogcontentandnorainisbestformoonphotography.Choosealocationawayfromdirectlightsources.Themoonappearsbrightbecauseitreflectsthelightofthesun,andadditionallightfromstreetlights,homes,andcarscanmakethemoonappeardullerandblurrierinpictures.Itisfineifthereislightinthedistance,butbesurethatyouarenotphotographingclosetoanotherlightsource.4.Whichhastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedword“blurry”？A.Unclear. B.Transparent.C.Confusing. D.Ugly.5.Whyisthenewmoonnotaperfectchoicewhentakingaphotoofthemoon?A.Becausethenewmoonisnotenjoyedbymostpeople.B.Becausethenewmoonisvisiblyseenfromtheearth.C.Becauseitappearsattheearliesttimeofamonth.D.Becausethenewmooncan'tbephotographedonEarth.6.Whichofthefollowingisnotamusttotakeaperfectphotoofthemoon?A.Ahigh-qualitycamera. B.Theskillstosetupthecamera.C.Aweatherapp. D.Asuitablelocation.7.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Howtoselectacameraforaperfectmoonphoto.B.Howtopickatimeandplaceforaperfectmoonphoto.C.Whatthenecessaryskillsaretotakeaperfectmoonphoto.D.Whythenewmoonisabadchoiceforaperfectmoonphoto.【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.B【解析】【分析】本文是說(shuō)明文。自古以來(lái)，月亮對(duì)人類有著神秘的吸引力，觀望月球、給月亮拍照便是人類了解月亮的主要手段。本文就如何給月亮拍出一張完美的照片向我們提出幾點(diǎn)建議。【4題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)本文第一句中的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知，blurry的意思應(yīng)該與前文Photosofthemoonarebeautiful意思相反。且本文多次出現(xiàn)了blurry的派生詞，如倒數(shù)第二段第二句中的bluryourphotographs和最后一段第二句中的appeardullerandblurrier，根據(jù)這些信息可知，blurry的意思是“模糊不清的”，故答案為A。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Themooncanbephotographedinanyphaseexceptthenewmoon,whichisnotvisibletoEarth.“除了對(duì)地球不可見(jiàn)的新月，月球可以在任何階段被拍攝?！笨芍略略诘厍蛏鲜强床灰?jiàn)的，不能夠被拍到，故答案為D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第四句Checkanalmanac(年歷)oraweatherappformoonrisingandsettingtimesinyourarea.“查看你所在地區(qū)的歷書或天氣應(yīng)用程序，了解月亮升起和落下的時(shí)間。”和第四段第三句Checkaweatherapporwatchtheweatherforecastbeforeleavingforyoursessionandwhilephotographing.“查看天氣應(yīng)用程序或觀看天氣預(yù)報(bào)，在你離開去參加您的集會(huì)之前或者在拍攝時(shí)?！笨芍诹私庠铝辽浠蛱暨x晴朗夜晚時(shí)，年歷和天氣預(yù)報(bào)都能代替天氣軟件，因此C項(xiàng)不是必需的?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。本文的結(jié)構(gòu)是“總——分”型，第一段的尾句Itisfineifthereislightinthedistance,butbesurethatyouarenotphotographingclosetoanotherlightsource.“如果遠(yuǎn)處有光是可以的，但是要確保你不是在靠近另一個(gè)光源的地方拍照?！笔菑目偟椒值倪^(guò)渡句，也是主題句，概括了文章的主要內(nèi)容，由此可知答案為B?！军c(diǎn)睛】做詞義猜測(cè)題時(shí)，利用上下文提供的情景和線索，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進(jìn)而推測(cè)詞義，是閱讀過(guò)程中的一大關(guān)鍵。最常見(jiàn)的就是利用上下文語(yǔ)境、常識(shí)和語(yǔ)法關(guān)系推斷詞義。尤其要抓住所需推斷詞匯前后的內(nèi)容。本題第1小題，根據(jù)本文第一句中的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知，blurry的意思應(yīng)該與前文Photosofthemoonarebeautiful意思相反。且本文多次出現(xiàn)了blurry的派生詞，如倒數(shù)第二段第二句中的bluryourphotographs和最后一段第二句中的appeardullerandblurrier，根據(jù)這些信息可知，blurry的意思是“模糊不清的”，故答案為A。CInthestoryof“ThecrowandthePitcher”fromAesop’sFables,athistycrow(烏鴉)dropsstonesintoanarrowjartoraisethelowlevelofwaterinsidesohecantakeadrink.Nowscientistshaveevidencetobackupthatstory.Crowsactuallydounderstandhowtomakewaterdisplacement(移位)worktotheiradvantage,experimentsshow.Theresultssuggestthatthebirdsare,atleastinsomeaspects,assmartasfirst-graders.Researchers,ledbySarahJelbertattheUniversityofAucklandinNewZealand,presentedsixcrowswithtubesfilledwithwater.Insidethetubes,awormorpieceofmeatonapieceofwoodwasfloating,justoutofreachofthecrow.Infrontofthetubes,theresearchersarrangedseveralrubbererasersthatwouldsink,andsomeplasticobjectsthatwouldfloat.Thecrowsfoundoutthattheycoulddroptheerasersintothetubesinordertoraisethewaterlevelandgettheirsnack.However,thebirdshandledawkwardlyinexperimentsinwhichtheycouldchoosetodropobjectsineitherawidetubeoranarrowonetogetasnack,theresearcherssaid.Droppingobjectsintonarrowtubewouldliftthewaterlevelbyagreateramountandputthetreatwithinreachafterjusttwodrops;whileittookaroundsevendropstoraisethesnacktothesamelevelinthewidetube.Thecrowsobviouslydidn’trealizethis,andmostofthemwentforthewidetubefirst.Previousstudiesshowedthatchimpsandhumanchildrencansolvesimilartasks.Ina2011study,chimpsandkidsfoundoutthattheycouldputwaterintoatubetoreachapeanutthatwasfloatinginasmallamountofwateratthebottom.8.HowdidthecrowsgetthesnackinSarah’sexperiment?A.Bybreakingthetube.B.Bydroppinginerasers.C.Bystandingonthewood.D.Byremovingthewood.9.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thebirdshandledawkwardly”inparagraph4?A.Theywereunabletotelldifferentshapes.B.Theydroppedobjectsonlyintonarrowtubes.C.Theywerenotawareofthesnackatfirstsight.D.Theymostlyavoidedtheeasierwaytogetthesnack.10.Whatdoesthetextmainlyfocuson?A.StoriesofAesop’sFables.B.Thedevelopmentofcrows.C.Crows’intelligence.D.Human-animalcommunication.11.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Crowsarealmostascleverasfirst-gradersinsomerespects.B.Crowsunderstandwaterdisplacementcompletely.C.Chimpsandchildrenaremuchsmarterthancrows.D.Thestoryof“ThecrowandthePitcher”lacksevidence.【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇科普類文章。文章主要講了科學(xué)家通過(guò)喝水實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)烏鴉智商的研究。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thecrowsfoundoutthattheycoulddroptheerasersintothetubesinordertoraisethewaterlevelandgettheirsnack.”可知，烏鴉能夠把橡皮擦扔到管子里，使食物浮起，然后吃到食物。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。【9題詳解】語(yǔ)句猜測(cè)題。從第四段可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)中的烏鴉在面對(duì)粗細(xì)不同的管子時(shí)，雖然細(xì)管比粗管需要更少的水和時(shí)間就可以把食物浮起來(lái)，但是烏鴉往往先去粗管那邊，而沒(méi)有選擇更容易浮起食物的細(xì)管。由此可知，這一句話的意思應(yīng)該是“鳥兒大多沒(méi)有選擇更容易的方式得到零食”。所以答案選D?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Theresultssuggestthatthebirdsare,atleastinsomeaspects,assmartasfirst-graders.”以及后面的幾個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)可知，整篇文章都是圍繞烏鴉的智商問(wèn)題來(lái)展開的。所以答案選C。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Theresultssuggestthatthebirdsare,atleastinsomeaspects,assmartasfirst-graders.”可知，鳥兒在一些方面幾乎跟一年級(jí)小學(xué)生一樣聰明，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。根據(jù)第四段的實(shí)驗(yàn)可知，烏鴉并不能很好的理解排水量問(wèn)題，所以選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)最后一段的實(shí)驗(yàn)可知，黑猩猩和兒童跟烏鴉一樣可以解決類似的問(wèn)題，這不能說(shuō)明他們比烏鴉聰明，所以選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤。第二段第一句“Nowscientistshaveevidencetobackupthatstory.”可知，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)有關(guān)于這則寓言的證據(jù)了。所以選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤。【點(diǎn)睛】語(yǔ)句猜測(cè)題要求考生根據(jù)語(yǔ)境的意義，判斷劃線的短語(yǔ)和句子在文中的指代含義。考生雖然可能這一句話的每個(gè)單詞都認(rèn)識(shí)，但并不是直白的翻譯出來(lái)就可以。必須結(jié)合上下文的邏輯關(guān)系和文章的語(yǔ)境，來(lái)判斷該語(yǔ)句的深層含義或者說(shuō)是“言外之義”。例如本文的第二題，“thebirdshandledawkwardly”這句話直譯過(guò)來(lái)就是“鳥兒的操作很笨拙”，但是顯然題目的答案中沒(méi)有這一選項(xiàng)。這時(shí)我們就要找出它的深層含義，根據(jù)下文的實(shí)驗(yàn)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在面對(duì)粗細(xì)不同的兩只管子時(shí)，烏鴉們大多選擇粗管，而沒(méi)有選擇更容易的細(xì)管，也就是沒(méi)有使用更容易的方式得到零食。這時(shí)我們就可以找到最符合題意的答案:選項(xiàng)D（它們大多避免了更容易得到零食的方式）。DItsoundsalmosttoogoodtobetrue,butanewstudyonsleepingbrainssuggeststhatlisteningtolanguageswhileyousleepcanactuallyhelpyoutolearnthem.“Whatwefoundinourstudyisthatthesleepingbraincanactuallyencode(編碼)newinformationandstoreitforalongterm,”saidMarclust,co-first-authorofthepaper.Forthestudy,researchersplayedrecordingsofforeignwordsandtheirtranslationstosleepingsubjectsenjoyingdeepsleep,astagewhenapersonhaslittleconsciousness(意識(shí))oftheirenvironment.Toensurethattheresultswerenotcompromisedbyforeignlanguagewordsthatsubjectsmayhavehadsomeconnectionwithatsomepointintheirwakinglives,researchersmadeuptotallyartificialforeignwords.Whenthesubjectswokeup,theywerepresentedwiththeartificialwordsagainwithouttheirtranslations.Thesubjectswerethenaskedtoimaginewhethertheymeantanobjectthatwassmallerorlargerthanashoebox.Unbelievably,thesubjectswereabletocorrectlyclassifythewordsinthiswayatanaccuracyratethatwas10percenthigherthanrandomchance.That’snotaratehighenoughtohavethemsuddenlyspeakinaforeigntongue,butitisenoughtosuggestthatthebrainisstillabsorbinginformationonsomelevel,evenduringsleep.“Ifyoupresent‘biktum’and‘bird’tosleepinghumans,theirbrainscanmakeanewconnectionbetweentheknownconcept‘bird’andthecompletelynewandunknownword‘biktum’,”Züstexplained.“Thissleep-formedmemorytrace(痕跡)lastsuntilthefollowingwakefulnessandcaninfluencehowyoureactto‘biktum’eventhoughyouthinkyou’venevermetwiththatwordbefore.“Ifinditamazingthathumansarecompetentatsuchcomplexinformationprocessingwithoutconsciousness,”saidZüst.Thenextstepforresearcherswillhetoseeifnewinformationcanbeacquiredquickerduringwakefulnessifitisalreadypresentedduringsleep.Ifso,itcouldforeverchangehowwetrainourbrainstolearnnewthings.Sleeplearningmightbecomeawidespreadpractice.12.Whatcanwedoaccordingtothenewstudy?A.Improveourmemorygreatly.B.Learnlanguageswhilesleeping.C.Changeoursleepinapositiveway.DSpeaknewvocabularyduringdeepsleep.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph2referto?A.Thenativewords. B.Therecordings.C.Theartificialwords. D.Thetranslations.14.Howdidtheauthorrespondtothefindingsofthestudy?A.Doubtful. B.Confused.C.Slightlydisappointed. D.Pleasantlysurprised.15.Whatwillresearchersfocusonintheirnextresearch?A.Discoveringacureformemorydecline.B.Promotingthewidespreaduseofsleeplearning.C.Findingwhethertolearnfasterusingdeepsleep.DResearchingwaystolearnbetterduringwakefulness.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了最新的研究表明，睡覺(jué)時(shí)聽外語(yǔ)能幫助我們學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Itsoundsalmosttoogoodtobetrue,butanewstudyonsleepingbrainssuggeststhatlisteningtolanguageswhileyousleepcanactuallyhelpyoutolearnthem.(聽起來(lái)好得令人難以置信，但一項(xiàng)關(guān)于睡眠中的大腦的新研究表明，在睡覺(jué)時(shí)聽語(yǔ)言確實(shí)有助于你學(xué)習(xí)這些語(yǔ)言)”可知，根據(jù)新的研究我們睡覺(jué)時(shí)可以學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言。故選B。【13題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“Whenthesubjectswokeup,theywerepresentedwiththeartificialwordsagainwithouttheirtranslations.(當(dāng)受試者醒來(lái)時(shí)，他們?cè)俅慰吹饺嗽靻卧~，但沒(méi)有翻譯)”可知，they指代上文中提到的復(fù)數(shù)名詞theartificialwords。故選C。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Unbelievably,thesubjectswereabletocorrectlyclassifythewordsinthiswayatanaccuracyratethatwas10percenthigherthanrandomchance.(令人難以置信的是，受試者能夠以這種方式正確地對(duì)單詞進(jìn)行分類，其準(zhǔn)確率比隨機(jī)概率高出10%)”可知，作者對(duì)研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)感到很驚喜。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thenextstepforresearcherswillhetoseeifnewinformationcanbeacquiredquickerduringwakefulnessifitisalreadypresentedduringsleep.(研究人員的下一步將是，如果新信息已經(jīng)在睡眠中呈現(xiàn)，那么在清醒狀態(tài)下是否能更快地獲得這些信息)”可知，在他們的下一步研究中，研究人員專注于尋找是否可以利用深度睡眠更快地學(xué)習(xí)。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。TheWaystoAvoidFightingwithYourMomLifeisastruggle,butifyouhaveabadrelationshipwithyourmother,youshouldcoolyourpassion,becausemother-childrenrelationshipsareveryimportant.___16___Don'tgiveherthesilenttreatment.Ifyouthinkthatthesilenttreatmentwillalwayshelpyouachieveadesirableresult,thenyou'remistaken.___17___Byallmeans,youshouldtakeimmediateactiontostopthiscoldwar.Avoiddeeplyrudewords.Ifyou'requarrelingwithyourmother,youshouldbecarefulwithwhatyousaytoher.___18___Althoughyou'llapologizeforyourbadbehavior,thewordsyou'veexpressedandthefeelingofhatewillliveinherheartforever.Don'tdrawotherfamilymembersintoaconflict.Saythatyouhaveaterriblehabitofdrawingyourbrotheranddadintoconflictbetweenyouandyourmother.___19___Asaresult,smallandunimportantmother-childfightswillgrowintolong-lastingfamilyconflict.You'lllearnabiglessonandrealizeyourbadtempermakesyourfamilysuffer.___20___Lackofcommunicationbetweenmothersandchildrencancreateemotionalobstaclesandevencausefrequentquarrels.Whenyoufinallyfindthereason,you'llbeabletoovercomemisunderstandingincommunicationwithyourmotherandbridgethegenerationgapinaquiteshortperiodoftime.A.Refusetogetcrazy.B.Improveyourcommunication.C.Youshouldn'tburstintotearsinfrontofyourmother.D.Sure,yourmomwillrefusetocommunicatewithyouaswell.E.Herearesomewaysthatwillhelpyouavoidfightingwithyourmother.F.Youwantthemtosupportyouandhelpyoufindabeneficialsolutionforeachother.G.Sometimesyourwordscanbeeitheraperfectpainrelieveroraterriblesharpsword.【答案】16.E17.D18.G19.F20.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了四種避免與你的母親發(fā)生爭(zhēng)執(zhí)的方法。【16題詳解】通過(guò)文章第一段第一句“Lifeisastruggle,butifyouhaveabadrelationshipwithyourmother,youshouldcoolyourpassion,becausemother-childrenrelationshipsareveryimportant.（生活是一場(chǎng)斗爭(zhēng)，但是如果你和母親的關(guān)系不好，你應(yīng)該冷靜下來(lái)，因?yàn)槟缸雨P(guān)系非常重要。）”與E項(xiàng)“這兒就有一些方法將幫助你避免與你的母親發(fā)生爭(zhēng)執(zhí)”承上啟下。someways呼應(yīng)下文的各個(gè)小標(biāo)題。故選E項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】文章第二段第一句“Ifyouthinkthatthesilenttreatmentwillalwayshelpyouachieveadesirableresult,thenyou'remistaken.（如果你認(rèn)為這樣的沉默對(duì)待能夠幫助你實(shí)現(xiàn)自己想要的結(jié)果，那你就錯(cuò)了）”說(shuō)明與母親吵架后冷戰(zhàn)是一種錯(cuò)誤決定；再結(jié)合后文“Byallmeans,youshouldtakeimmediateactiontostopthiscoldwar.（無(wú)論如何，你們應(yīng)該立即采取行動(dòng)制止這場(chǎng)冷戰(zhàn)。）”可知設(shè)空處指出冷戰(zhàn)的缺點(diǎn)，D項(xiàng)“當(dāng)然，你的母親也會(huì)拒絕與你交流”符合文意。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)文章第三段Althoughyou'llapologizeforyourbadbehavior,thewordsyou'veexpressedandthefeelingofhatewillliveinherheartforever.（盡管你會(huì)為你的不良行為道歉，但你所說(shuō)的話和仇恨的感覺(jué)將永遠(yuǎn)留在她的心里。）可知吵架時(shí)說(shuō)的粗魯?shù)脑挄?huì)使親人受到傷害。與G項(xiàng)“有時(shí)候你的話可能是很好的緩解器或者是可怕的武器”邏輯一致，aterriblesharpsword呼應(yīng)thewordsyou'veexpressedandthefeelingofhatewillliveinherheartforever。故選G項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】第四段第一句“Saythatyouhaveaterriblehabitofdrawingyourbrotheranddadintoconflictbetweenyouandyourmother.（假設(shè)你習(xí)慣把哥哥或父親牽涉進(jìn)你和母親之間的沖突中）”與F項(xiàng)“你想讓他們支持和幫助你找到有利雙方的解決辦法”語(yǔ)義銜接，且F項(xiàng)中“them”指代的是上文的“brotheranddad”，符合文意。故選F項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】根據(jù)文章第五段第一句“Lackofcommunicationbetweenmothersandchildrencancreateemotionalobstaclesandevencausefrequentquarrels.(母親與孩子之間缺乏交流可能會(huì)引起情緒上的障礙甚至引起不斷地爭(zhēng)吵)”可知，B項(xiàng)“增強(qiáng)你們之間的溝通”對(duì)本段的概括最為準(zhǔn)確,且B項(xiàng)中的“communication”與下文communication呼應(yīng)。故選B項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。ItwasawindydayinDecember.Alittlegirlwas____21____outsidewithasign“HomelessandHungry”.Thecardboardsignwastheonlyprotectionshehasfromthecold.Sheremainedseatedonthesidewalkwithabowelbesideher.Manypeoplewalkedpastthegirlwithouteven____22____her.Awomanslowlywalkeduptothegirland____23____bentover.Thewomanaskedifshewashomeless.Thelittlegirlonly____24____bysimplyshrugginghershoulders.TheladythenaskedifshewasOK,andthegirlshruggedhershouldersonceagain.Thewomanwasvery____25____andtriedtoaskthegirlwhyshedidn'thaveanywheretogo.Again,thelittlegirlshruggedhershoulders.Thewomaneventually____26____anddroppedsomecoinsinthecup.Thegirlwas____27____onceagainandlookedhopefullydownthestreettoseeifanyonewascomingtoherway.Afewminuteslater,thesamewomanwalkedtowardsher,carryingtwopackages.Thewomanthen____28____herselfnexttothegirlandaskedhowshewasdoing.However,allthequestionswent____29____.Thewomanthengaveherthetwopackagesoffoodandsaidthatshehadnomoreto_____30_____.Thegirlremainedsilentasamansteppedtowardsthe_____31_____woman.He_____32_____itwasasocialexperiment,andthatthegirlwasn'tactually_____33_____.Buttohisgreat_____34_____,helearnedthattheladyhadgiveneverythingshehadto_____35_____thegirl—shewashomelessherself!21.A.wandering B.crying C.sleeping D.sitting22.A.wavingat B.glancingat C.laughingat D.pointingat23.A.impatiently B.secretly C.softly D.nervously24.A.continued B.admitted C.responded D.analyzed25.A.confused B.ambitious C.casual D.particular26.A.ranout B.turnedup C.shoutedout D.gaveup27.A.alone B.free C.cold D.curious28.A.sheltered B.lowered C.enjoyed D.covered29.A.understandable B.together C.wrong D.unanswered30.A.sell B.waste C.offer D.complain31.A.kind B.ridiculous C.desperate D.mysterious32.A.agreed B.explained C.supposed D.hoped33.A.careless B.aggressive C.homeless D.embarrassed34.A.excitement B.astonishment C.disappointment D.amusement35.A.change B.resist C.transform D.help【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.C25.A26.D27.A28.B29.D30.C31.A32.B33.C34.B35.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一位女士在自己無(wú)家可歸的情況下傾盡所有來(lái)幫助一個(gè)流浪的小女孩，最后她得知，小女孩并不是真的在無(wú)家可歸，這只是一個(gè)社會(huì)實(shí)驗(yàn)。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一個(gè)小女孩坐在外面，手里拿著“無(wú)家可歸、饑腸轆轆”的牌子。A.wandering漫游；B.crying哭喊；C.sleeping睡覺(jué)；D.sitting坐。根據(jù)下文“Sheremainedseatedonthesidewalk”可知，此處指小女孩舉著牌子坐在外面。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：許多人從這個(gè)女孩身邊走過(guò)，看也不看她一眼。A.wavingat揮手；B.glancingat看一下；C.laughingat嘲笑；D.pointingat指著。根據(jù)上文“withabowelbesideher”以及“Manypeoplewalkedpastthegirlwithouteven”可推知，沒(méi)人愿意在小女孩身邊停留去看她一眼。故選B項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：一個(gè)女人慢慢地走到女孩跟前，輕輕地彎下腰。A.impatiently不耐煩地；B.secretly秘密地；C.softly輕輕地；D.nervously緊張地。根據(jù)上文“slowlywalkeduptothegirl”以及并列連詞“and”可知，空處和前面的slowly并列，形容那個(gè)女人動(dòng)作很輕柔，所以用softly，表示她輕輕地彎下腰。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：小女孩只是簡(jiǎn)單地聳了聳肩膀作為回應(yīng)。A.continued繼續(xù)；B.admitted承認(rèn)；C.responded回應(yīng)；D.analyzed分析。根據(jù)上文“Thewomanaskedifshewashomeless.”可知，此處指小女孩對(duì)那位女士的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行回應(yīng)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：女人非常困惑，試圖問(wèn)女孩為什么沒(méi)有地方可去。A.confused困惑的；B.ambitious有野心的；C.casual隨意的；D.particular特別的。根據(jù)上文“TheladythenaskedifshewasOK,andthegirlshruggedhershouldersagain.”可知，女人再三詢問(wèn)女孩卻沒(méi)有得到答案，所以她應(yīng)該感到困惑。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：這位女士最終放棄了，在杯子里扔了一些硬幣。A.ranout用完；B.turnedup出現(xiàn)；C.shoutedout大喊；D.gaveup放棄。根據(jù)上文“Again,thelittlegirlshruggedhershoulders.Thewomaneventually”可知，女人問(wèn)了好幾個(gè)問(wèn)題，小女孩都沒(méi)有回答，所以可以推斷，那個(gè)女人最終放棄了問(wèn)小女孩問(wèn)題。故選D項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：女孩又孤身一人了，她滿懷希望地望著街道，看看有沒(méi)有人朝她走來(lái)。A.free自由的；B.alone獨(dú)自一人；C.cold寒冷的；D.curious好奇的。根據(jù)下文“Thewomaneventually___6___anddroppedsomecoinsinthecup.”可知，那個(gè)女人走了，所以小女孩又獨(dú)自一人了。故選A項(xiàng)。【28題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，那位婦女坐到小女孩身邊，問(wèn)她過(guò)得怎么樣。A.sheltered躲避；B.lowered降低；C.enjoyed享受；D.covered覆蓋。根據(jù)下文“nexttothegirl”可知，女人應(yīng)該是坐了下來(lái)和女孩說(shuō)話。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，所有的問(wèn)題都沒(méi)有得到回答。A.understandable可以理解的；B.together新潮的；C.wrong錯(cuò)誤的；D.unanswered未答復(fù)的。根據(jù)下文“Thegirlremainedsilent”以及語(yǔ)境可知，女人問(wèn)小女孩的所有問(wèn)題都沒(méi)有得到回答。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：女人把那兩包食物給了她，說(shuō)她再也沒(méi)有東西給她了。A.sell出售；B.waste浪費(fèi)；C.offer提供；D.complain抱怨。根據(jù)“gaveherthetwopackagesoffoodandsaidthatshehadnomore”可推知，女人應(yīng)該是把自己所有的食物都給了女孩，所以她再?zèng)]有東西可提供了。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：女孩保持著沉默，這時(shí)一個(gè)男人向這位善良的女人走去。A.kind善良的；B.ridiculous荒唐的；C.desperate絕望的；D.mysterious神秘的。根據(jù)上文“Thewomanthengaveherthetwopackagesoffoodandsaidthatshehadnomoretooffer.”以及語(yǔ)境可知，這位女士看到寒風(fēng)中的小女孩之后表示關(guān)心，并且把自己所有的食物都給了她，因此可以推斷她是一個(gè)善良的人。故選A項(xiàng)。【32題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他解釋說(shuō)這是一個(gè)社會(huì)實(shí)驗(yàn)，女孩并不是真的無(wú)家可歸。A.agreed同意；B.explained解釋；C.supposed認(rèn)為；D.hoped希望。根據(jù)下文“itwasasocialexperiment”可知，此處指走過(guò)來(lái)的那位男士對(duì)眼前的情況進(jìn)行解釋，說(shuō)這是一個(gè)社會(huì)實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他解釋說(shuō)這是一個(gè)社會(huì)實(shí)驗(yàn)，女孩并不是真的無(wú)家可歸。A.careless粗心的；B.aggressive有攻擊性的；C.homeless無(wú)家可歸的；D.embarrassed尷尬的。根據(jù)上文“itwasasocialexperiment”可知，過(guò)來(lái)的那位男士對(duì)眼前的情況進(jìn)行解釋，說(shuō)這是一個(gè)社會(huì)實(shí)驗(yàn)，可推知，那個(gè)小女孩并不是真的無(wú)家可歸。故選C項(xiàng)。34題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但令他大為吃驚的是，他得知那位女士為幫助那個(gè)女孩付出了一切——她自己也是無(wú)家可歸的人!A.excitement激動(dòng)；B.astonishment吃驚；C.disappointment失望；D.amusement娛樂(lè)。根據(jù)下文“helearnedthattheladyhadgiveneverythingshehadto___15___thegirl—shewashomelessherself!”可知，那位女士在自己無(wú)家可歸的情況下拿出一切來(lái)幫助小女孩，這是令人吃驚的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但令他大為吃驚的是，他得知那位女士為幫助那個(gè)女孩付出了一切——她自己也是無(wú)家可歸的人!A.change改變；B.resist抵制；C.transform使改觀；D.help幫助。根據(jù)“Thewomanthengaveherthetwopackagesoffoodandsaidthatshehadnomoreto___10___.”可知，那位女士?jī)A盡所有來(lái)幫助小女孩。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)Wearewhatweeatbecausewhatweeateverydayhas___36___greatimpactonourhealth.Therefore,weshouldmakeeveryefforttochangeourbadeatinghabits.___37___weallknow,bakedorfriedfoodsmaybe___38___(taste),buteatingtoomuchofthemwill___39___(probable)resultinsomeillnesses.Moreover,junkfoodthatcostsusagreatdealofmoneybutisnothealthy.___40___(compare)withpeopleinthewest,Chinesepeopleusedtoeatmoregrainandvegetablesbut___41___(little)meat,whichisagoodeatinghabit.However,thingsarequitedifferentnow.Withtherapideconomic___42___(grow)ofourcountry,nowwearealsoeatingalotoffoodhighinsugarandfat.We___43___(run)theriskofeatingunhealthilywithoutconsideringthebalanceofourdiet.Thefoodwechooseaffectsourhealth,sowemustkeepit___44___mindthatthefoodwechooseshouldgiveusthenutrientsthat___45___need.【答案】36.a37.As38.tasty39.probably40.Compared41.less42.growth43.arerunning44.in45.we【解析】【分析】本文主要講述我們每天習(xí)慣吃的東西對(duì)我們的健康有很大的影響。我們應(yīng)當(dāng)多吃谷物和蔬菜，少吃肉食，這才是健康的飲食習(xí)慣?！?6題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：我們每天吃的東西對(duì)我們的健康有很大影響。根據(jù)句意可知，設(shè)空處后的impact可數(shù)名詞，在本句中表示泛指，故用不定冠詞，great是輔音音素開頭的單詞。故填a?！?7題詳解】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們都知道，熏烤、油炸食品可能很好吃。本句考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為后面一句話，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)且定語(yǔ)從句置于句首，用as引導(dǎo)。故填A(yù)s?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞。設(shè)空處需用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，taste的形容詞形式為tasty，意為：好吃的。故填tasty?！?9題詳解】考查副詞。句意：但吃得太多可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些疾病。修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)resultin需用副詞形式，probable的副詞形式為probably。故填probably。【40題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：與西方人相比，在過(guò)去中國(guó)人常常吃更多的谷物及蔬菜，但較少吃肉，這是一個(gè)好的飲食習(xí)慣。本句考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)。comparedwith為獨(dú)立成分，意為：與……相比。故填Compared。【41題詳解】考查比較級(jí)。句意：中國(guó)人過(guò)去多吃谷類和蔬菜，少吃肉，這是好的飲食習(xí)慣。根據(jù)本句中的moregrain可知本空需用比較級(jí)。故填less?！?2題詳解】考查名詞。隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展。設(shè)空處前為形容詞，后為介詞，故可判斷設(shè)空處需用grow的名詞形式，故填growth?！?3題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)上句“wearenowalsoeatingalotoffoodthatishighinsugarandfat.”可知我們現(xiàn)在吃的很多食物中，糖和脂肪的含量太高，可判斷本句要表達(dá)的意思是：目前我們正在不考慮均衡飲食的情況下冒險(xiǎn)去外面吃飯。由此可見(jiàn)需用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)we。故填arerunning。【44題詳解】考查短語(yǔ)。句意：所以我們應(yīng)該記住我們選擇的食物應(yīng)該給我們需要的營(yíng)養(yǎng)。短語(yǔ)keepinmind記住。故填in?！?5題詳解】考查代詞。句意：所以我們應(yīng)該記住我們選擇的食物應(yīng)該給我們需要的營(yíng)養(yǎng)。定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞need缺少主語(yǔ)，故用主格形式。故填we?！军c(diǎn)睛】語(yǔ)法填空是通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇在語(yǔ)境中考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的運(yùn)用能力，在解題前應(yīng)快速瀏覽短文掌握大意，在讀懂短文的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合短文提供的特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境去逐句分析。要解決好語(yǔ)法填空，離不開堅(jiān)實(shí)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，有了堅(jiān)實(shí)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)才能對(duì)語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行正確的分析和判斷，從而答對(duì)題目。本篇語(yǔ)法填空考查到的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)有時(shí)態(tài)、詞性、從句以及固定短語(yǔ)等，其中定語(yǔ)從句考查，先要找準(zhǔn)先行詞，然后分析先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所作的成分，最后確定關(guān)系詞。例如小題2中，首先找到先行詞為后面一句話，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)且定語(yǔ)從句置于句首，用as引導(dǎo)。as引出非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，代替整個(gè)主句，對(duì)其進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。通常用于像asweallknow,asitisknow,asisknowtoall,asitis,asissaidabove,asalwaysmentionedabove,asisusual,asisoftenthecase,asisreportedinthenewspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，且引出的從句位置比較靈活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中間。通常均由逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開。as有“正如……，就像……”之意。第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)：應(yīng)用文寫作（15分）46.假定你是李華，你校學(xué)生會(huì)將舉辦垃圾分類中英文海報(bào)設(shè)計(jì)大賽，你是負(fù)責(zé)人。請(qǐng)?jiān)谀阈Ｓ⑽木W(wǎng)站寫一則通知，內(nèi)容包括：1.大賽目的；2.作品要求；3.作品展出方式及頒獎(jiǎng)時(shí)間。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；NoticeGarbageClassificationPosterDesignCompetition__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________