2013年職稱英語_國家指定教材_完形填空_復(fù)習(xí)目錄 3綜合類_C級_完形填空文章目錄 3綜合類C級：一級重點(diǎn)文章 3綜合類C級：二級重點(diǎn)文章 3綜合類C級：三級重點(diǎn)文章 3綜合類_B級_完形填空文章目錄 3綜合類B級：一級重點(diǎn)文章 3綜合類B級：二級重點(diǎn)文章 3綜合類B級：三級重點(diǎn)文章 3綜合類_A級_完形填空文章目錄 3綜合類A級：一級重點(diǎn)文章 3綜合類A級：二級重點(diǎn)文章 3綜合類A級：三級重點(diǎn)文章 32013年職稱英語_國家指定教材_完形填空_所有文章中英文對照版 4完形填空文章_綜合類_C級 4第一篇ALifewithBirds【有鳥陪伴的生活】 4第二篇ALuckyBreak【幸福的骨折】 5第三篇GlobalWarming【全球變暖】 6第四篇ASuccessStory【一個(gè)成功的故事】 7第五篇TrafficinOurCities【城市的交通】 8完型填空文章_綜合類_B級 9第六篇TeachingandLearning【教與學(xué)】 9第七篇TheDifferencebetweenManandComputer【人與電腦的區(qū)別】 10第八篇LookonTheBrightSide【看光明的一面】 11第九篇TheFirstBicycle【第一輛自行車】 12第十篇WorkingMothers【職業(yè)母親】 13完型填空文章_綜合類_A級 15第十一篇SchoolLunch【學(xué)校午餐】 15第十二篇APowerfulInfluence【強(qiáng)大的影響】 16第十三篇TheOldGate【古老之門】 17第十四篇FamilyHistory【家族史】 18第十五篇HelenandMartin【海倫和馬丁】 19完形填空文章課后練習(xí)參考答案__綜合類 20

2013年職稱英語_國家指定教材_完形填空_復(fù)習(xí)目錄綜合類_C級_完形填空文章目錄綜合類C級：一級重點(diǎn)文章第二篇

ALuckyBreak第三篇

GlobalWarming第五篇

TrafficinOurCities綜合類C級：二級重點(diǎn)文章

第一篇

ALifewithBirds綜合類C級：三級重點(diǎn)文章第四篇

ASuccessStory綜合類_B級_完形填空文章目錄綜合類B級：一級重點(diǎn)文章*第七篇

TheDifferencebetweenManandComputer*第八篇

LookontheBridgeSide*第九篇

TheFirstBicycle綜合類B級：二級重點(diǎn)文章*第十篇

WorkingMothers綜合類B級：三級重點(diǎn)文章*第六篇

TeachingandLearning綜合類_A級_完形填空文章目錄綜合類A級：一級重點(diǎn)文章+第十一篇

SchoolLunch+第十二篇

APowerfulInfluence+第十三篇

TheOldGate綜合類A級：二級重點(diǎn)文章+第十四篇

FamilyHistory綜合類A級：三級重點(diǎn)文章+第十五篇

HelenandMartin2013年職稱英語_國家指定教材_完形填空_所有文章中英文對照版閱讀下面的短文。短文中有十五個(gè)空白，在文章的后面，每一個(gè)空白都列了四個(gè)備選答案。請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇合適的詞或短語填在空白處。完形填空文章_綜合類_C級第一篇ALifewithBirds【有鳥陪伴的生活】Fornearly17yearsDavidCopehasworkedasoneoftheTowerofLondon'sYeomanWarders,____1____knowntotouristsasBeefeaters.David,64,livesinathree-bedroomedflatrightatthe___2_____oftheBywardTower,oneofthegatehouses.“____3____ourbedroomwehaveamarvellousviewofTowerBridgeandtheTheTowerofLondonisfamous___4____itsravens,thelargeblackbirdswhichhavelivedthereforoverthreecenturies.Davidwasimmediatelyfascinatedbythebirdsandwhenhewas____5___thepostofRavenMastereightyearsagohehadno____6____inacceptingit.“ThebirdshavenowbecomemylifeandI'malways____7___ofthefactthatIam___8____atradition.ThelegendsaysthatiftheravensleavetheTower,David____10____aboutfourhoursadaytothecareoftheravens.Hehasgrowntolovethemandthe____11____thathelivesrightnexttothemisideal.“Ican____12____acloseeyeonthemallthetime,andnotjustwhenI'mworking.”____13____,David'swifeMowasnot____14____ontheideaoflifeintheTower,butshetoowillbesadtoleavewhenheretiresnextyear.“Whenwelookoutofourwindowsweseehistory___15_____aroundus,andwearetakingitinandstoringitupforourfuturememories.”練習(xí)：1.A)more B)better C)sooner D)very2.A)height B)summit C)peak D)top3.A)Since B)Out C)From D)Through4.A)for B)because C)ofD)by5.A)award B)applied C)presented D)offered6.A)regret B)delay C)hesitation D)choice7.A)aware B)knowing C)pleased D)delighted8.A)holding B)maintainingC)surviving D)lasting9.A)take B)make C)have D)keep10.A)devotes B)spends C)passes D)provides11.A)reason B)chanceC)opportunity D)fact12.A)hold B)have C)keep D)put13.A)Firstly B)Firstofall C)Atfirst D)First14.A)interested B)keen C)fond D)happy15.A)every B)all C)much D)so有鳥陪伴的生活作為倫敦塔的守衛(wèi)者之一DavidCope在那里工作了近17年，被游客們稱為Beefeaters。David，64歲，生活在Byward塔頂部的一個(gè)三居室的單元里，一個(gè)警衛(wèi)室。David說：“從我們的臥室看去，我們可以看到倫敦塔橋和泰晤士河的一個(gè)美好景色?！眰惗厮源蠛谏镍B——烏鴉而著名，它們已經(jīng)在那里生活了三個(gè)多世紀(jì)。David立刻被這種鳥迷住了，當(dāng)他在八年前被提供烏鴉主人的職位時(shí)他毫不猶豫地接受了它?！斑@種鳥類現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為我的生命，我總是警覺到我在保持一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)。傳說中說，如果烏鴉離開倫敦塔，英國將落到敵人手中，我的工作就是確保這種情況不會(huì)發(fā)生!”David每天大約用四個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間來護(hù)理烏鴉。他已經(jīng)愛上了它們，而他緊挨在它們的旁邊生活是最佳選擇?！拔铱梢栽谒械臅r(shí)間內(nèi)密切關(guān)注它們，不僅僅是在工作的時(shí)候。”起初，David的妻子Mo對生活在塔里的想法并不熱衷，但David明年即將退休，她要離開時(shí)也會(huì)很傷心?！爱?dāng)我們透過我們的窗口向外看，我們看到歷史環(huán)繞在我們身邊，我們正接受它并為我們未來的記憶存儲(chǔ)它?！钡诙狝LuckyBreak【幸福的骨折】ActorAntonioBanderasisusedtobreakingbones,anditalwaysseemstohappenwhenhe's____1___sport.InthefilmPlayittotheBonehe____2____thepartofamiddleweightboxeralongsideWoodyHarrelson.____3____themakingofthefilmHarrelson____4____complainingthatthefight____5____weren'tveryconvincing,soonedayhesuggestedthatheandBanderasshouldhaveafightforreal.TheSpanishactorwasn't____6___ontheideaatfirst,buthewas___7_____persuadedbyhisco-startoputonhisglovesandclimbintotheboxingring.However,whenherealizedhowseriouslyhis____8____wastakingitall,hebegantoregrethisdecisiontofight.Andtheninthethirdround,HarrelsonhitBanderas____9____hardinthefacethatheactuallybrokehisnose.Hiswife,actressMelanieGriffith,wasfuriousthathehadbeenplaying“sillymachogames”.“Shewasright”,confessesBanderas,“andIwasafoolto___10____arisklikethatinthemiddleofamovie.”Hewas____11____ofthetimehebrokehislegduringafootballmatchinhisnativeMalaga.Hehadalways___12_____ofbecomingasoccerstar,ofperforminginfrontofabigcrowd,butdoctorstoldhimhisplayingdayswereprobablyover.“That'swhenIdecidedtotake___13_____acting;Isawitas___14_____wayofperforming,andachievingrecognition.Whathappenedtomeonthatfootball____15____was,youmightsay,myfirstluckybreak.”練習(xí)：1.A)practicing B)making C)doing D)losing2.A)plays B)does C)gives D)fights3.A)When B)As C)While D)During4.A)kept B)continued C)carried D)insisted5.A)actions B)matches C)scenes D)stages6.A)interested B)keen C)enthusiastic D)happy7.A)lastly B)eventually C)attheend D)after8.A)competitor B)contender C)opponent D)participant9.A)very B)more C)such D)so10.A)take B)make C)have D)get11.A)remembered B)reminded C)recorded D)replayed12.A)hoped B)pretended C)dreamed D)lookedforward13.A)up B)on C)to D)over14.A)further B)additional C)different D)another15.A)match B)pitch C)court D)course幸福的骨折演員AntonioBanderas經(jīng)常骨折，而且它似乎總是發(fā)生在運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)。在影片《拳拳到骨》中，他與WoodyHarrelson并肩，扮演一個(gè)中量級拳擊手。在影片制作過程中，Harrelson不停地抱怨整個(gè)打斗場面并不是很令人信服，所以一天，他提議他和Banderas應(yīng)該進(jìn)行一場真正的打斗。這位西班牙演員起初對這一想法并不熱衷，但最終他還是被他的搭檔說服了，他戴上他的手套，爬上了拳擊臺(tái)。然而，當(dāng)他意識到他的對手是全心全意投入進(jìn)來時(shí)，他開始后悔自己要打斗的決定。在第三輪，Harrelson狠狠地打在Banderas的臉上，以至于居然打破了Banderas的鼻子。女演員MelanieGriffith，他的妻子對他進(jìn)行這樣一場“傻男子氣概的游戲”非常憤怒?！八菍Φ摹?，Banderas承認(rèn)道，“我在電影拍攝過程中進(jìn)行這樣一個(gè)冒險(xiǎn)真是一個(gè)傻瓜?！彼浧鹪谒墓枢l(xiāng)馬拉加進(jìn)行的一場足球比賽，那次他的腿骨骨折了。他一直夢想成為一個(gè)足球明星，在眾多觀眾前比賽。但他的醫(yī)生告訴他，他的比賽生涯也許就要結(jié)束了?！熬驮谀菚r(shí)我決定開始演戲；我認(rèn)為這是另外一種比賽并且能夠得到認(rèn)可?？梢赃@么說，發(fā)生在那次足球場上的事對我而言，是一次幸運(yùn)的骨折?！钡谌狦lobalWarming【全球變暖】Fewpeoplenowquestiontherealityofglobalwarminganditseffectsontheworld'sclimate.Manyscientists____1____theblameforrecentnaturaldisastersontheincrease____2____theworld'stemperaturesandareconvincedthat,morethan____3____before,theEarthisat____4____fromtheforcesofthewind,rainandsun.____5___tothem,globalwarmingismakingextremeweatherevents,____6____ashurricanesanddroughts,evenmore____7____andcausingsealevelsallaroundtheworldto____8____.Environmentalgroupsareputting___9_____ongovernmentstotakeactiontoreducethe____10____ofcarbondioxidewhichisgiven____11____byfactoriesandpowerplants,thusattackingtheproblematitssource.Theyarein____12____ofmoremoneybeingspentonresearchintosolar,windandwaveenergydevices,whichcouldthenreplaceexistingpower____13___.Somescientists,____14____,believethatevenifwestoppedreleasingcarbondioxideandothergasesintotheatmospheretomorrow,wewouldhavetowait____15____hundredyearstonoticetheresults.Globalwarming,itseems,isheretostay.練習(xí)：1.A)give B)put C)take D)have2.A)in B)at C)by D)to3.A)yet B)never C)once D)ever4.A)threat B)danger C)risk D)harm5.A)Concerning B)Regarding C)Depending D)According6.A)such B)just C)even D)well7.A)strict B)severe C)strong D)heavy8.A)raise B)arise C)rise D)lift9.A)force B)pressure C)persuasionD)encouragement10.A)amount B)deal C)number D)count11.A)off B)away C)up D)over12.A)belief B)requestC)favour D)suggestion13.A)factories B)generations C)houses D)stations14.A)but B)although C)despite D)however15.A)several B)overC)numerous D)various全球變暖現(xiàn)在很少有人質(zhì)疑全球變暖的現(xiàn)實(shí)及其對世界氣候的影響。許多科學(xué)家把全球氣溫上升歸咎于最近的自然災(zāi)害，他們確信，地球現(xiàn)在比以往任何時(shí)候都更受到風(fēng)、雨和太陽這些力量的威脅。據(jù)他們說，全球變暖制造了極端天氣事件，例如颶風(fēng)、干旱，甚至更為嚴(yán)重的以至于世界各地的海平面上升。環(huán)保團(tuán)體對政府施加壓力，要求政府采取行動(dòng)減少工廠和發(fā)電廠排放的二氧化碳量，攻擊它的資源問題。他們都贊成把更多的資金用到研發(fā)太陽能、風(fēng)能和波浪能裝置上，以取代現(xiàn)有的發(fā)電站。然而，還有一些科學(xué)家，他們相信即使明天我們不再排放二氧化碳和其他氣體到大氣層中，我們也將不得不等待幾百年才能得到結(jié)果。全球變暖似乎要在這里停留。第四篇ASuccessStory【一個(gè)成功的故事】At19,BenWayisalreadyamillionaire,andoneofagrowingnumberofteenagerswhohave____1___theirfortunethroughtheInternet.____2____makesBen'sstoryallthemoreremarkableisthatheisdyslexic,andwas___3_____byteachersathisjuniorschoolthathewouldneverbeabletoreadorwrite____4____.“Iwantedtoprovethem____5___”,saysBen,creatoranddirectorofWaysearch,anetsearchenginewhichcanbeusedtofindgoodsinonlineshoppingmalls.Whenhewaseight,hislocalauthorities___6____himwithaPCtohelpwithschoolwork.Althoughhewas____7____toreadthemanuals,hehadanaturalabilitywiththecomputer,and____8____byhisfather,hesoonbegan____9____people￡10anhourforhisknowledgeandskills.Attheageof15he___10_____uphisowncomputerconsultancy,QuadComputer,whichheranfromhisbedroom,andtwoyearslaterheleftschoolto___11_____allhistimetobusiness.“BythistimethecompanyhadgrownandIneededtotakeona___12____ofemployeestohelpme”,saysBen.“Thatenabledmetostart___13____businesswithbiggercompanies.”Itwashisabilitytoconsistently___14_____difficultchallengesthatledhimtowintheYoungEntrepreneuroftheYearawardinthesameyearthatheformedWaysearch,andhehasrecentlysignedadeal___15_____￡25millionwithaprivateinvestmentcompany,whichwillfinancehissearchengine.練習(xí)：1.A)taken B)made C)put D)done2.A)This B)That C)Something D)What3.A)said B)told C)suggested D)reported4.A)absolutely B)totally C)properly D)thoroughly5.A)wrong B)false C)untrue D)unfair6.A)provided B)gave C)offered D)got7.A)impossibleB)incapable C)disabled D)unable8.A)promised B)invited C)encouraged D)animated9.A)owing B)charging C)lending D)borrowing10.A)put B)ran C)made D)set11.A)pay B)spend C)devote D)invest12.A)couple B)few C)littleD)deal13.A)having B)doing C)making D)bringing14.A)overcome B)overlook C)overtake D)overdo15.A)valuable B)estimated C)priced D)worth一個(gè)成功的故事19歲時(shí)，BenWay已經(jīng)是一個(gè)百萬富翁了，他是越來越多的通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)獲得財(cái)富的青少年之一。而使得Ben的故事更引人注意的是他有誦讀困難，并且曾被他的初中教師告知他將永遠(yuǎn)不能正確讀寫?！拔乙C明他們錯(cuò)了?！盉en說。他后來成為Waysearch的創(chuàng)建者和董事長，Waysearch是一個(gè)在網(wǎng)上購物商場查找貨物的網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索引擎。Ben八歲時(shí)，他所在的地方當(dāng)局提供給他一臺(tái)個(gè)人電腦以幫助學(xué)校工作。雖然他不能閱讀使用指南，但他對計(jì)算機(jī)有一種天賦，在父親的鼓勵(lì)下，Ben很快就開始以自己的知識和能力收費(fèi)——每小時(shí)10英鎊。15歲時(shí)，Ben成立了自己的電腦顧問公司——夸德電腦，他在自己的臥室里運(yùn)營(這個(gè)公司)，兩年之后，他離開了學(xué)校，并將所有的精力投入到公司經(jīng)營當(dāng)中。“此時(shí)公司已經(jīng)發(fā)展壯大，我需要雇用幾個(gè)員工幫助我”，Ben說，“這使我開始與更大的公司做生意?！闭撬掷m(xù)不斷地克服困難挑戰(zhàn)的能力使他贏得了“年度最佳青年企業(yè)家”，也是同年，他成立了Waysearch。最近，他與一家私人投資公司簽署了價(jià)值2500萬英鎊的交易，這家公司將為他的搜索引擎提供資金。第五篇TrafficinOurCities【城市的交通】Thevolumeoftrafficinmanycitiesintheworldtodaycontinuestoexpand.Thiscausesmanyproblems,includingseriousairpollution,lengthydelays,andthegreaterrisk___1____accidents.Clearly,somethingmustbedone,butitisoftendifficultto____2___peopletochangetheirhabitsandleavetheircarsathome.Onepossible____3____istomakeitmoreexpensiveforpeopletousetheircarsby___4____chargesforparkingand____5____tougherfinesforanyonewho____6____thelaw.Inaddition,driverscouldberequiredtopayforusingparticularroutesatdifferenttimesoftheday.Thissystem,____7___as“roadpricing”,isalreadybeingintroducedina____8____ofcities,usingaspecialelectroniccard____9____tothewindscreenofthecar.Anotherwayof____10___withtheproblemistoprovidecheapparkingonthe____11____ofthecity,andstrictlycontrolthenumberofvehiclesallowedintothecentre.Driversandtheirpassengersthenuseaspecialbusserviceforthe____12____stageoftheirjourney.Ofcourse,themostimportant＿_(dá)__13_____istoprovidegoodpublictransport.However,togetpeopleto___14_____thecomfortoftheircars,publictransportmustbefelttobereliable,convenientandcomfortable,withfares____15____atanacceptablelevel.練習(xí)：1.A)of B)for C)about D)by2.A)make B)arrange C)suggest D)persuade3.A)approach B)manner C)custom D)style4.A)enlarging B)increasing C)growing D)developing5.A)carryingdown B)puttingoff C)bringingin D)takingaway6.A)crosses B)refuses C)breaks D)cracks7.A)named B)seenC)called D)known8.A)quantity B)number C)total D)sum9.A)fixed B)joined C)built D)placed10.A)doing B)handling C)dealing D)solving11.A)outskirts B)borderC)outside D)limit12.A)late B)endC)complete D)final13.A)thought B)thing C)work D)event14.A)passon B)throwaway C)giveup D)leaveout15.A)taken B)kept C)given D)stood城市的交通當(dāng)今世界，許多城市的交通量在不斷擴(kuò)大。這導(dǎo)致了許多問題，包括嚴(yán)重的空氣污染、長時(shí)間擁堵，以及交通事故發(fā)生概率的增大。顯而易見，我們必須要有所行動(dòng)，但往往說服人們改變他們的生活習(xí)慣，使他們把車留在家里是很困難的。一種可行的方法是通過增加停車收費(fèi)和加強(qiáng)違規(guī)罰款而使人們使用汽車的成本變得更加昂貴。此外，在每天的不同時(shí)間，一些特殊路段將對司機(jī)另行收費(fèi)。這個(gè)被稱為“道路收費(fèi)”的系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)被一些城市所引用，它使用一種特殊的電子卡固定在汽車的擋風(fēng)玻璃上。另一種處理這個(gè)問題的方法是在城市的郊區(qū)提供廉價(jià)的停車場，并嚴(yán)格控制進(jìn)入城市中心的車輛數(shù)量。司機(jī)和乘客乘坐特殊巴士完成他們最后的旅程。當(dāng)然，最重要的事情還是提供良好的公共交通。然而，要讓人們放棄他們汽車的舒適，公共交通必須要讓人感覺可靠、便利、舒適，同時(shí)票價(jià)也要保持在一個(gè)可接受的水平。完型填空文章_綜合類_B級第六篇TeachingandLearning【教與學(xué)】Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewith1thestudent.Ifalongreadingassignmentisgiven,instructorsexpectstudenttobefamiliarwiththe____1____inthereadingeveniftheydonotdiscussitinclassortakeanexamination.The____2____studentisconsideredtobeonewhoismotivatedtolearnforthesakeof___3____,nottheoneinterestedonlyingettinghighgrades.Sometimeshomeworkisreturned___4____briefwrittencommentsbutwithoutagrade.Evenifagradeisnotgiven,thestudentis___5____forlearningthematerialassigned.Whenresearchis____63___,theprofessorexpectsthestudenttotakeitactivelyandtocompleteitwith____7____guidance.Itisthestudent’sresponsibilitytofindbooks,magazines,andarticlesinthelibrary.Professorsdonothavethetimetoexplain___8____auniversitylibraryworks;theyexpectstudents_____9___graduatestudentstoexhaustthereference____10____inthelibrary.Professorswillhelpstudentswhoneedit,but____11____thattheirstudentsshouldnotbe___12____dependentonthem.IntheUnitedStatesprofessorshavemanyotherduties___13____teaching,suchasadministrativeorresearchwork.Therefore,thetimethataprofessorcanspendwithastudentoutsideofclassis___14_____.Ifastudenthasproblemswithclassroomwork,thestudentshouldeither___15____aprofessorduringofficehours3ormakeanappointment.練習(xí)：l.A)suggestion B)context C)abstract D)information2.A)poor B)ideal C)average D)disappointed3.A)fun B)work C)learning D)prize4.A)by B)in C)for D)with5.A)criticized B)innocent C)responsible D)dismissed6.A)collected B)distributed C)assigned D)finished7.A)maximum B)minimum C)possible D)practical8.A)when B)what C)why D)how9.A)particularly B)essentially C)obviously D)rarely10.A)selections B)collections C)sources D)origins11.A)hate B)dislike C)like D)prefer12.A)too B)such C)much D)more13.A)but B)except C)with D)besides14.A)plentiful B)limited C)irregular D)flexible15.A)greet B)annoy C)approach D)attach教與學(xué)許多教師認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)是學(xué)生的責(zé)任。如果教師布置了一篇長篇閱讀的任務(wù)，即使他們沒在課堂上討論過或者考試過，他們還是期望學(xué)生熟悉這篇讀物里的信息。理想的學(xué)生被認(rèn)為是那種為了學(xué)習(xí)而有動(dòng)機(jī)地學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生而不是那種只對高分感興趣的學(xué)生。有時(shí)被發(fā)回來的作業(yè)上只有簡短的評價(jià)，并無分?jǐn)?shù)。即使不給分?jǐn)?shù)，學(xué)生也有責(zé)任學(xué)習(xí)布置的材料。當(dāng)一項(xiàng)研究課題被選定時(shí)，教授們期望學(xué)生積極去做并且以最少的指導(dǎo)完成。在圖書館查找書籍、雜志和論文是學(xué)生的責(zé)任。教授們沒有時(shí)間去解釋一個(gè)大學(xué)的圖書館如何運(yùn)行；他們期望學(xué)生，尤其是研究生閱盡圖書館中的文獻(xiàn)資源。教授們愿意幫助需要幫助的學(xué)生，但是更希望學(xué)生不要太過依賴他們。在美國，教授除了上課以外還有其他職責(zé)，比如管理工作或研究工作。因此一個(gè)教授能分給學(xué)生的課外時(shí)間是有限的。如果一個(gè)學(xué)生對課堂作業(yè)有問題，他應(yīng)該在辦公時(shí)間找老師或者預(yù)約。第七篇TheDifferencebetweenManandComputer【人與電腦的區(qū)別】Whatmakespeopledifferentfromcomputerprograms?Whatisthemissingelementthatourtheoriesdon'tyet____1____for?Theanswerissimple:Peoplereadnewspaperstoriesforareason:tolearnmoreabout___2____theyareinterestedin.Computers,ontheotherhand,don't.Infact,computersdon't___3_____haveinterests;thereisnothinginparticularthattheyaretryingtofindoutwhentheyread.Ifacomputer___4____istobeamodelofstoryunderstanding,itshouldalsoreadfora“purpose”.Ofcourse,peoplehaveseveralgoalsthatdonotmake___5____toattributetocomputers.Onemightreadarestaurantguide____6____ordertosatisfyhungerorentertainmentgoals,orto____7____agoodplacetogoforabusinesslunch.Computersdonotgethungry,andcomputersdonothavebusinesslunches.However,thesephysiologicalandsocialgoalsgive___8____toseveralintellectualorcognitivegoals.Agoaltosatisfyhungergivesrisetogoalstofind____9____aboutthenameofarestaurantwhich___10____thedesiredtypeoffood,howexpensivetherestaurantis,thelocationoftherestaurant,etc.Thesearegoalsto____11____informationorknowledge,whatwearecalling___12____goals.Thesegoalscanbeheldbycomputerstoo;acomputer___13_____“want”tofindoutthelocationofarestaurant,andreadaguideinordertodoso____14____thesamewayasapersonmight.Whilesuchagoalwouldnot____15____outofhungerinthecaseofthecomputer,itmightwellariseoutofthe“goal”tolearnmoreaboutrestaurants.練習(xí)：1.A)express B)explain C)account D)count2.A)why B)how C)what D)when3.A)once B)even C)ever D)often4.A)program B)instruction C)system D)function5.A)success B)sense C)scene D)point6.A)of B)or C)in D)and7.A)find B)search C)look D)watch8.A)way B)play C)rise D)birth9.A)place B)food C)reference D)information10.A)orders B)sells C)supports D)serves11.A)acquire B)ask C)require D)consult12.A)understanding B)learning C)knowledge D)awareness13.A)could B)might C)should D)would14.A)as B)on C)by D)in15.A)arise B)rise C)consent D)derive人與電腦的區(qū)別是什么讓人有別于電腦程序?我們的理論還沒有解釋的缺少的要素是什么?答案很簡單：人們閱讀報(bào)紙故事為了學(xué)習(xí)更多他們感興趣的東西，而電腦不是。事實(shí)上，電腦甚至連興趣都沒有，當(dāng)它們試圖閱讀時(shí)它們沒有尋找任何特別的東西。如果一個(gè)電腦程序是理解故事模式，那它也是為了某個(gè)意圖去閱讀。誠然，人類的意圖若是被強(qiáng)加到電腦身上便沒有任何意義。一個(gè)人可能會(huì)讀就餐指南，只是為了解決饑餓或是有娛樂目的，也可能是為了尋找一個(gè)吃商務(wù)餐的好地方。電腦不會(huì)餓，也不吃商務(wù)餐。然而，這些心理和社會(huì)目標(biāo)會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些智力或者認(rèn)知目標(biāo)。一個(gè)想要解決饑餓的意圖會(huì)促使這樣的念頭產(chǎn)生：找到一個(gè)提供我們想要的食物的餐廳，這餐廳叫什么名，價(jià)位如何，在什么位置等。我們把這些為了獲取信息或者知識的目標(biāo)叫做學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)。電腦也能有這些目標(biāo)；一臺(tái)電腦也許“想要”尋找餐廳的方位，并且為了做得像一個(gè)人一樣去閱讀一個(gè)指南。雖然這樣的目標(biāo)就電腦來說不是產(chǎn)生于饑餓，但電腦很可能從這個(gè)目標(biāo)去獲得更多關(guān)于餐廳的信息。第八篇LookonTheBrightSide【看光明的一面】Doyoueverwishyouweremoreoptimistic,someonewhoalways___1____tobesuccessful?Havingsomeonearoundwhoalways____2____theworstisn'treallyalotof___3____.Weallknowsomeonewhoseesasinglecloudonasunnydayandsays,“Itlooks___4____rain.”Butifyoucatchyourselfthinkingsuchthings,it'simportanttodosomething___5_____it.Youcanchangeyourviewoflife,____6____topsychologists.Itonlytakesalittleeffort,andyou'llfindlifemorerewardingasa___7____.Optimism,theysay,ispartlyaboutself-respectandconfidence,butit'salsoamorepositivewayoflookingatlifeandallithasto____8___.Optimistsaremore____9___tostartnewprojectsandaregenerallymorepreparedtotakerisks.Upbringingisobviouslyveryimportantinformingyour___10____totheworld.Somepeoplearebroughtupto____11____toomuchonothersandgrowupforeverblamingotherpeoplewhenanything___12_____wrong.Mostoptimists,onthe___13_____hand,havebeenbroughtupnotto____14____failureastheendoftheworld—theyjust___15_____withtheirlives.練習(xí)：1.A)counted B)expected C)felt D)waited2.A)worries B)cares C)fears D)doubts3.A)amusement B)play C)enjoyment D)fun4.A)so B)to C)for D)like5.A)withB)against C)about D)over6.A)judging B)according C)concerning D)following7.A)result B)reason C)purpose D)product8.A)supply B)suggest C)offer D)propose9.A)possible B)likelyC)hopeful D)welcome10.A)opinion B)attitude C)view D)position11.A)trust B)believe C)depend D)hope12.A)goes B)falls C)comes D)turns13.A)opposite B)next C)other D)far14.A)regard B)respect C)suppose D)think15.A)getup B)geton C)getout D)getover看光明的一面你曾經(jīng)想要讓自己變得更樂觀嗎?想過讓自己變成一個(gè)總是期待成功的人嗎?若是周圍有個(gè)總是往事情最壞處考慮的人，我們一定沒有什么樂趣——就像我們都知道某些人看到天空有一片云便說要下雨。但是你要是發(fā)現(xiàn)自己也這樣想了，那就有必要針對它采取一些措施了。根據(jù)心理學(xué)家的說法，人們可以改變對生活的看法。只需一點(diǎn)兒努力，你將發(fā)現(xiàn)生活會(huì)回報(bào)給你的更多。人們說樂觀主義在一定程度上是自尊和自信，但它也是對待生活的和它所給予的一種積極態(tài)度。樂觀主義者更有可能開始新的項(xiàng)目，通常也更容易準(zhǔn)備好去承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。很顯然，成長經(jīng)歷對于你對待世界的態(tài)度的形成是至關(guān)重要的。有些人養(yǎng)成了過于依賴別人的習(xí)慣，一旦事情出了差錯(cuò)，便責(zé)備他人。然而另一方面，許多樂觀主義者被教導(dǎo)，不要把失敗當(dāng)成世界末日，只需繼續(xù)生活。第九篇TheFirstBicycle【第一輛自行車】Thehistoryofthebicyclegoesbackmorethan200years.In1791,CountdeSivrac____1____onlookersinaparkinParisasheshowedoffhistwo-wheeledinvention,amachinecalledtheceleriferé.Itwasbasicallyan____2____versionofachildren'stoywhichhadbeenin____3____formanyyears.Sivrac's“celeriferé”hadawoodenframe,madeinthe____4____ofahorse,whichwasmountedonawheelateitherend1.Torideit,yousatonasmallseat,justlikeamodembicycle,andpushed____5____againstthe____6____withyourlegs—therewerenopedals.Itwasimpossibletosteeraceleriferéandithadnobrakes,butdespitetheseproblemstheinventionverymuch____7____tothefashionableyoungmenofParis.Soontheywere___8_____racesupanddownthestreets.Minor____9____werecommonasridersattemptedafinalburstof__10_____.Controllingthemachinewasdifficult,astheonlywaytochange___11_____wastopullupthefrontofthe“celeriferé”and＿_(dá)___12____itroundwhilethefrontwheelwas____13____intheair.“Celeriferés”werenotpopularforlong,however,asthe___14_____ofnosprings,nosteeringandroughroadsmaderidingthemveryuncomfortable.Evenso,thewoodenceleriferéwasthe____15____ofthemodembicycle.練習(xí)：1.A)delighted B)cheered C)appreciated D)overjoyed2.A)increased B)enormous C)extended D)enlarged3.A)use B)play C)operationD)service4.A)resemblance B)shape C)body D)appearance5.A)fast B)deeply C)heavily D)hard6.A)surface B)ground C)earth D)floor7.A)attracted B)appealed C)took D)called8.A)goingB)getting C)holding D)making9.A)wounds B)trips C)injuries D)breaks10.A)velocity B)energy C)pace D)speed11.A)direction B)route C)heading D)way12.A)roll B)drive C)turn D)revolve13.A)cycling B)circling C)windingD)spinning14.A)mixture B)link C)combination D)union15.A)origin B)design C)model D)introduction第一輛自行車自行車的歷史可以追溯到兩百多年前。1791年，西夫拉克伯爵在巴黎的一個(gè)公園里向眾人展示并炫耀了自己的發(fā)明，一架被稱作“celeriferé”的雙輪車。它主要就是一個(gè)使用了很多年的兒童玩具的擴(kuò)大版。西夫拉克的“celeriferé”有一個(gè)馬形狀的木框，兩端分別裝有一個(gè)輪子。坐上一個(gè)小座位便可以騎了，就像騎現(xiàn)在的自行