試卷類型：A2025年深圳市高三年級第一次調(diào)研考試英語2025.2試卷共8頁，卷面滿分120分，折算成130分計入總分?？荚囉脮r120分鐘。注意事項：1.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。用2B鉛筆將答題卡上試卷類型A后的方框涂黑。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。3.非選擇題的作答：用簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。4.考試結(jié)束后，請將本試題卷和答題卡一并上交。第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AAreyouinterestedinhowmarine(海洋的)ecosystemswork?Doyouwanttoknowmoreaboutmarineanimals?BowlingGreenStateUniversity(BGSU)hasoneofthefewcampsintheMidwestwherehighschoolstudentscanexplorelifeatsea!CampDates:June8-13、2025Whatkindsofactivitiesdocampersgettodo?·FieldtripstolocationsaroundNorthwestOhiotoexaminemarinelifeandenvironments·Hands-onactivitiestopracticespecimen(標(biāo)本)collectionprocedures·Designandrunanexperimentinourresearchlab·Behind-the-scenetriptotheToledoZootolearnaboutmarineanimals·MeetprofessionalstolearnwhatitmeanstobeamarinescientistWhatdoesthecostcover?TheBGSUMarineBiologycampwillofferbothresidentialandnon-residentialoptions.Thecostofthenon-residentialprogramis$850,withanadditional$400feefortheresidentialoption.Thetotalprogramcostcoversroomandboard,allmaterialsforlabsandactivitiesaswellastransportationforfieldtrips.A10%discountisavailableforearlyadmission.ApplicationRequirements·Letterofrecommendation·Completetheonlineform·Completeresponsestoshort-answerquestionsNote:Answerstoquestionsprovidedbyanyoneotherthanthatapplicantwilldisqualifytheapplication.ApplicationDeadlines·March2,2025—Tobeconsideredforearlyadmission.ApplicantswillbeinformedbyMarch14.·April25.2025—GeneralApplicationDeadline.Note:Allspacesmayfillafterselectionfromtheearlyadmissiondeadline.21.Whatdoesthecampoffer?A.Samplegatheringpractice. B.Fieldtripstonaturemuseums.C.Researchlabmembership. D.Lecturesonmarineknowledge.22.Whatistheearlyadmissioncostfortheresidentialoption?A.$400. B.$765. C.$1,125. D.$1,250.23.Whichofthefollowingwillresultinanapplicant’sdisqualification?A.Forgettingtoconfirmadmission. B.Providingresponsesgivenbyothers.C.Missingtheearlyapplicationdeadline. D.Failingtorecommendotherapplicants.21.

答案是A。根據(jù)文中“Hands-onactivitiestopracticespecimen(標(biāo)本)collectionprocedures”可知，營地提供樣本采集實踐活動，A選項“Samplegatheringpractice”與之相符；文中提到的是“FieldtripstolocationsaroundNorthwestOhiotoexaminemarinelifeandenvironments”，并非去自然博物館，B選項錯誤；文中只是說可以在研究實驗室設(shè)計并進行實驗，并非提供研究實驗室會員資格，C選項錯誤；文中未提及海洋知識講座，D選項錯誤。22.

答案是C。首先，非住宿項目費用是

850美元，住宿選項需額外支付400

美元，所以住宿項目原價是

1250

美元。又因為提前錄取有10%

的折扣，那么提前錄取的住宿選項費用為1125美元，C選項正確。23.

答案是B。根據(jù)文中“Answerstoquestionsprovidedbyanyoneotherthanthatapplicantwilldisqualifytheapplication.”可知，由申請人以外的任何人提供的問題答案將使申請無效，B選項“Providingresponsesgivenbyothers”與之相符；A選項“忘記確認(rèn)錄取”、C選項“錯過提前申請截止日期”、D選項“未能推薦其他申請人”在文中均未提及會導(dǎo)致申請無效。A篇重點單詞和詞組及其解釋：1.

ecosystems：生態(tài)系統(tǒng)2.

marine：海洋的；海生的；航海的3.

specimen：標(biāo)本；樣本（如“practicespecimencollectionprocedures”練習(xí)標(biāo)本采集程序）4.

residential：居住的；住宅的；提供住宿的（文中“residentialoption”表示住宿選擇，“non-residential”即非住宿的）5.

additional：額外的；附加的（“anadditional$400fee”額外400美元的費用）6.

discount：折扣（“A10%discountisavailableforearlyadmission.”提前錄取可享受10%的折扣）7.

recommendation：推薦；推薦信（“Letterofrecommendation”推薦信）8.

application：申請；應(yīng)用（文中“ApplicationRequirements”申請要求，“ApplicationDeadlines”申請截止日期）9.

deadline：截止日期（“ApplicationDeadlines”申請截止日期，如“March2,2025—Tobeconsideredforearlyadmission.”3月2日為提前錄取考慮的截止日期）10.

disqualify：使喪失資格；取消……的資格（“Answerstoquestionsprovidedbyanyoneotherthanthatapplicantwilldisqualifytheapplication.”除申請人以外任何人提供的問題答案將使申請失去資格）BJulesVerneiswidelyregardedasoneofthefathersofsciencefiction.His“ExtraordinaryVoyages(航海)”seriestransportreadersongrandadventurestothefarreachesofEarthandbeyond.ButVernedidmorethanjusttellentertainingstories—healsopredictedover100modern-dayinventionsandtechnologiesinhiswritings.Forexample,inthe1889shortstoryIntheYear2889,Vernepaintedapictureofahighlynetworkedworldwithglobalmultimediacommunications.Hedescribedthe“phonotelephone”whichsentsoundandimagesovergreatdistances.Themaincharacter,FritzNapoleonSmith,isabletoeasilycommunicateviathistechnologywithhiswifeonanothercontinent:“Mr.Smithwasabledistinctlytoseehiswifedespitethedistancethatseparatedhimfromher...Mrs.Smithimmediatelyappearedonthetelephoticscreen,withherfeaturessmilingandhereyesmoist(潮濕的)withtears.”Verne’stechnically-groundedadventuretalesrepresentedanewapproachtoimaginingthefuturethroughfiction.Unlikeotherwritersofhisdaywhopennedmorefancifulorsupernaturalstories,Verneaimedforrealisminhisfuturisticvisions,alwaysbasingthemoncutting-edgescienceandhisownextensiveresearch.Thislaidthefoundationforthe“hardsciencefiction”ofthe20thcenturyandbeyond.Verneisoftenthoughtofasatechnologicaloptimist,achampionofscientificprogressandinnovation.Buthiswritingsalsorevealanotherperspective.Manyofhisstoriesfeatureabrilliantbutmadscientistwhoseinventionsultimatelybringmoreharmthangood.CaptainNemoin20,000LeaguesUndertheSeauseshissubmarine(潛艇)toviolentlyattackships.ForVernehumannaturedeterminedwhethertechnologywouldbeaforceforgoodorasourceofdestruction.ThespiritofadventureinVerne’stimelessstorieswillliveon,continuingtoinspiregenerationstopushtheboundariesofthepossibleandcreatetheworldoftomorrow.ThatisperhapsthegreatestachievementoftheextraordinaryvoyagesofJulesVerne.24.HowdoesMr.SmithcontacthiswifeinIntheYear2889?A.Byholdinganin-persontalk. B.Bymakingalong-distancecall.C.Bysendingaletterbackhome. D.Byhavinganinstantvideochat.25.Whatisthe“hardsciencefiction”basedon?A.Theunrealisticfantasies. B.Thefictionaltechnologies.C.Thelatestresearchfindings. D.Theimaginedfutureworlds.26.WhatcanweinferaboutVernefromCaptainNemo’sstory?A.Heisdisappointedwithhumannature.B.Heisawareofthedangeroftechnology.C.Heisinfavourofscientificdevelopment.D.Heisdifferentfromthewritersofhistime.27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesJulesVerneaccordingtothetext?A.Strong-willed. B.Fantasy-seeking. C.Positive-minded. D.Forward-thinking.24題答案D.Byhavinganinstantvideochat解析：題目問史密斯先生在《IntheYear2889》中如何聯(lián)系他的妻子。根據(jù)文中“Hedescribedthe'phonotelephone'whichsentsoundandimagesovergreatdistances.Mr.Smithwasabledistinctlytoseehiswifedespitethedistancethatseparatedhimfromher.Mrs.Smithimmediatelyappearedonthetelephoticscreen”可知，通過“phonotelephone”這種能遠距離傳輸聲音和圖像的設(shè)備，史密斯先生能看到妻子出現(xiàn)在屏幕上，這符合即時視頻聊天的特征。A選項“Byholdinganin-persontalk”（面對面交談），顯然不符合遠距離的設(shè)定；B選項“Bymakingalong-distancecall”（打長途電話），長途電話只能聽到聲音，不能看到圖像；C選項“Bysendingaletterbackhome”（寄信回家），寄信速度慢且不能即時交流，所以答案是D。25題答案C.Thelatestresearchfindings.解析：題目問“硬科幻小說”基于什么。文中提到“Verneaimedforrealisminhisfuturisticvisions,alwaysbasingthemoncutting-edgescienceandhisownextensiveresearch.Thislaidthefoundationforthe'hardsciencefiction'ofthe20thcenturyandbeyond.”，說明凡爾納以前沿科學(xué)和自己廣泛的研究為基礎(chǔ)來創(chuàng)作有現(xiàn)實感的未來想象，而這些為“硬科幻小說”奠定了基礎(chǔ)，所以“硬科幻小說”是基于最新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，C選項正確。A選項“不切實際的幻想”，與文中強調(diào)的基于現(xiàn)實不符；B選項“虛構(gòu)的技術(shù)”不準(zhǔn)確，不是單純虛構(gòu)，而是基于科學(xué)研究；D選項“想象的未來世界”，沒有突出基于科學(xué)研究這一關(guān)鍵，所以答案是C。26題答案B.Heisawareofthedangeroftechnology.解析：題目問從尼莫船長的故事中我們能推斷出凡爾納什么。文中說“Manyofhisstoriesfeatureabrilliantbutmadscientistwhoseinventionsultimatelybringmoreharmthangood.CaptainNemoin20,000LeaguesUndertheSeauseshissubmarinetoviolentlyattackships.”，許多故事中科學(xué)家的發(fā)明帶來更多危害，尼莫船長用潛艇暴力攻擊船只，這表明凡爾納意識到了技術(shù)可能帶來的危險，B選項正確。A選項“他對人性失望”，文章未體現(xiàn)；C選項“他支持科學(xué)發(fā)展”，從尼莫船長故事看，更強調(diào)技術(shù)的危害，并非單純支持科學(xué)發(fā)展；D選項“他與同時代作家不同”，不是從尼莫船長故事推斷出的主要內(nèi)容，所以答案是B。27題答案D.Forward-thinking解析：題目問根據(jù)文章，以下哪個最能描述儒勒·凡爾納。文章講述了凡爾納在作品中預(yù)測了100多項現(xiàn)代發(fā)明和技術(shù)，以現(xiàn)實為基礎(chǔ)想象未來，為“硬科幻小說”奠定基礎(chǔ)等，這些都體現(xiàn)了他具有前瞻性，D選項“Forward-thinking”（有前瞻性的）正確。A選項“Strong-willed”（意志堅強的），文中未體現(xiàn)他意志方面的內(nèi)容；B選項“Fantasy-seeking”（尋求幻想），他的創(chuàng)作并非單純尋求幻想，而是基于科學(xué)研究；C選項“Positive-minded”（積極樂觀的），雖然他被認(rèn)為是技術(shù)樂觀主義者，但從他作品中對技術(shù)危害的描述看，這個詞不能全面概括他，所以答案是D。B篇選項中的重要單詞和短語1.

contact：動詞，意為“聯(lián)系；聯(lián)絡(luò)”。例如：Iwillcontactyoubyphone.（我會通過電話聯(lián)系你。）2.

in-person：形容詞，“親自的；當(dāng)面的”。例如：Hemadeanin-personappearanceatthemeeting.（他親自出席了會議。）3.

long-distance：形容詞，“長途的；遠距離的”。例如：along-distancecall（長途電話）4.

instant：形容詞，“立即的；即時的”。例如：instantcoffee（速溶咖啡）；在文中“instantvideochat”指“即時視頻聊天”。5.

unrealistic：形容詞，“不切實際的；空想的”。例如：anunrealisticplan（不切實際的計劃）6.

fantasy：名詞，“幻想；想象”。例如：Childrenoftenhavealotoffantasies.（孩子們常常有許多幻想。）7.

fictional：形容詞，“虛構(gòu)的；小說的”。例如：fictionalcharacters（虛構(gòu)的人物）8.

technology：名詞，“技術(shù)；工藝”。例如：moderntechnology（現(xiàn)代技術(shù)）9.

finding：名詞，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式“findings”，意為“調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)；研究結(jié)果”。例如：Thelatestfindingsshowthat...（最新研究結(jié)果表明……）10.

infer：動詞，“推斷；推論”。例如：Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?（從這篇文章我們能推斷出什么？）11.

aware：形容詞，“意識到；知道”，常用搭配“beawareof”。例如：Heisawareofthedanger.（他意識到了危險。）12.

infavourof：介詞短語，“支持；贊成”。例如：Iaminfavourofthisidea.（我贊成這個想法。）13.

describe：動詞，“描述；形容”。例如：Canyoudescribewhathelookslike?（你能描述一下他長什么樣嗎？）14.

strong-willed：形容詞，“意志堅強的”。例如：astrong-willedperson（意志堅強的人）15.

fantasy-seeking：合成詞，可理解為“追求幻想的”。16.

positive-minded：合成詞，“心態(tài)積極的”。例如：apositive-mindedattitude（積極的心態(tài)）17.

forward-thinking：形容詞，“有前瞻性的；有遠見的”。例如：aforward-thinkingleader（有遠見的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)）CSelf-confidenceistrustinginourabilitiesorqualities.It’susuallyseenasagoodthing.Butisitpossiblethatwemightbenefitfromalittlelessconfidenceinourbeliefs?Formanyyears,Dr.MarkLeary,aneuroscientistatDukeUniversityinDurham,N.C.,hasstudiedtheroleofpeople’sbeliefsintheirbehavior.Hefoundoverconfidenceisverycommon,especiallywhenitcomestowhatpeoplebelievetobetrue,andcanleadustodisastrousdecisions.In1986,NASAbelievedthattheriskoflossforanyspaceflightwasroughly1in100,000.ItwasanoverconfidentbeliefandmighthaveledtotheexplosionoftheChallenger.Thegoodnewsisthatthere’sa“vaccine(疫苗)”foroverconfidence,andthat’swhatscientistscall“intellectualhumility”—recognizingthatyourbeliefscouldbewrong.Asurveyof144collegestudentstomeasuretheirintellectualhumilityfoundthatstudentswhosawtheirthinkingcouldbewrongtendedtobemorecuriousandmorelikelytoseekoutnewknowledge.Theyendedupknowingmoreattheendoftheday.Butdoesitactuallyhelpyoubeyondthat?Tofindoutmore,Dr.TenellePorteratBallStateUniversityconductedaseriesofstudieswithhighschoolstudents.Shefoundthatstudentswithintellectualhumilityweremuchmorelikelytotestthemselvestoseewhethertheyreallyunderstoodthematerialandseekoutpotentialholesintheirunderstanding.Whentheygottestscores,they’dchangetheirstudystrategicstoimprovetheirperformanceandmasterthematerialforthenexttest.Studentswhodidn’tseetheirknowledgecouldbewrongmightinsteadjustsailthroughtheirstudyingandwouldn’tstoptoaskthemselvesiftheytrulyunderstoodwhattheyread,heard,ordid.Suchstudentsthoughttheygotasubjectdownpat,butwhenaskedtoexplainitonatest,theyfoundtheydidn’tactuallyunderstandasmuchastheyhadthought.Althoughitmightbegoodforyou,researchersrecognizethatquestioningyourbeliefscanbetrulyhard.Still,it’simportanttorememberthatquestioningbeliefsisn’talwaysaboutreplacingoldoneswithnewones.Ifyoufindithardtoquestionabelief,trytaking“babysteps.”28.WhydoestheauthormentiontheexplosionoftheChallenger?A.Toexpresshissorrowfortheloss. B.Tostressthehighriskofspaceflights.C.Toshowtheresultofwrongoperation. D.Togiveanexampleofoverconfidence.29.WhatdoweknowaboutintellectualhumilityaccordingtoPorter’sresearch?A.Iturgedstudentstogainrecognition.B.Itencouragedstudentstotakeexams.C.Ithelpedstudentstoadjustlearningmethods.D.Itmotivatedstudentstomemorizeknowledge.30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“gotasubjectdownpat”meaninparagraph5?A.Fullymasteredasubject. B.PutgreateffortintoasubjectC.Reallyenjoyedasubject. D.Benefitedalotfromasubject.31.Whatwillprobablybediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs?A.Whyquestioningourbeliefishard. B.Whyintellectualhumilityishelpful.C.Howtobecomeaconfidentperson. D.Howtopracticeintellectualhumility.28.答案及解析-答案：D-解析：文章第二段提到“Hefoundoverconfidenceisverycommonespeciallywhenitcomestowhatpeoplebelievetobetrue,andcanleadustodisastrousdecisions.In1986,NASAbelievedthattheriskoflossforanyspaceflightwasroughly1in100,000.ItwasanoverconfidentbeliefandmighthaveledtotheexplosionoftheChallenger.”，作者先指出過度自信很常見且會導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難性決定，接著舉例1986年美國國家航空航天局對太空飛行風(fēng)險的過度自信的看法，進而導(dǎo)致了挑戰(zhàn)者號的爆炸。所以提到挑戰(zhàn)者號爆炸是為了舉例說明過度自信帶來的后果，選項D“Togiveanexampleofoverconfidence.”符合。選項A“Toexpresshissorrowfortheloss”表達對損失的悲傷，文中未體現(xiàn)；選項B“Tostressthehighriskofspaceflights”強調(diào)太空飛行的高風(fēng)險，重點并非強調(diào)風(fēng)險，而是過度自信的后果；選項C“Toshowtheresultofwrongoperation”展示錯誤操作的結(jié)果，文章強調(diào)的是過度自信這一信念導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，而非錯誤操作。29.答案及解析-答案：C-解析：根據(jù)第四段“Shefoundthatstudentswithintellectualhumilityweremuchmorelikelytotestthemselvestoseewhethertheyreallyunderstoodthematerialandseekoutpotentialholesintheirunderstanding.Whentheygottestscores,they'dchangetheirstudystrategicstoimprovetheirperformanceandmasterthematerialforthenexttest.”可知，具有智性謙遜的學(xué)生更有可能自我測試，找出理解中的漏洞，并且根據(jù)測試成績改變學(xué)習(xí)策略。選項C“Ithelpedstudentstoadjustlearningmethods.”幫助學(xué)生調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)方法，符合文意。選項A“Iturgedstudentstogainrecognition”促使學(xué)生獲得認(rèn)可，文中未提及；選項B“Itencouragedstudentstotakeexams”鼓勵學(xué)生參加考試，不是鼓勵單純參加考試，而是通過自我測試等方式提升學(xué)習(xí)；選項D“Itmotivatedstudentstomemorizeknowledge”激勵學(xué)生記憶知識，文中重點是調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)方法而非單純記憶知識。30.答案及解析-答案：A-解析：根據(jù)第五段“Suchstudentsthoughttheygotasubjectdownpat,butwhenaskedtoexplainitonatest,theyfoundtheydidn'tactuallyunderstandasmuchastheyhadthought.”可知，這些學(xué)生原以為自己對某個科目gotasubjectdownpat，但在考試中被要求解釋時，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己并沒有想象中理解得那么多，所以gotasubjectdownpat意思應(yīng)該是“完全掌握了一個科目”，選項A“Fullymasteredasubject.”符合。選項B“Putgreateffortintoasubject”在一個科目上投入很大努力，與后文實際理解情況不符；選項C“Reallyenjoyedasubject”真的喜歡一個科目，文章重點在掌握程度；選項D“Benefitedalotfromasubject”從一個科目中受益很多，也不符合文意。31.答案及解析-答案：D-解析：文章最后一段提到“Althoughitmightbegoodforyou,researchersrecognizethatquestioningyourbeliefscanbetrulyhard.Still,it'simportanttorememberthatquestioningbeliefsisn'talwaysaboutreplacingoldoneswithnewones.Ifyoufindithardtoquestionabelief,trytaking"babysteps."”，指出質(zhì)疑自己的信念很難，并且提到如果覺得難可以嘗試“小步前進”，接下來很可能會討論如何實踐智性謙遜，也就是如何去質(zhì)疑自己的信念，選項D“Howtopracticeintellectualhumility.”符合。選項A“Whyquestioningourbeliefishard”質(zhì)疑信念為何難，前文已提及；選項B“Whyintellectualhumilityishelpful”智性謙遜為何有幫助，前文已闡述；選項C“Howtobecomeaconfidentperson”如何成為一個自信的人，與文章最后話題不符?？键c這幾道題主要考查對文章細(xì)節(jié)的理解以及對文章內(nèi)容走向的推斷。做這類閱讀理解題時，要緊扣文章內(nèi)容，準(zhǔn)確理解每個段落的主旨以及作者的意圖，通過對選項與原文內(nèi)容的細(xì)致比對來得出答案。C篇重要單詞及其解釋1.

neuroscientist：神經(jīng)科學(xué)家。這是由“neuro-”（表示“神經(jīng)的”）和“scientist”（科學(xué)家）組成的復(fù)合詞。2.

disastrous：災(zāi)難性的；極糟糕的。例如：Thefloodcauseddisastrousconsequences.（洪水造成了災(zāi)難性的后果。）3.

humility：謙遜；謙虛。如：Intellectualhumilityisanimportantquality.（智性謙遜是一種重要的品質(zhì)。）4.

potential：潛在的；可能的。既可以作形容詞，如potentialproblems（潛在的問題），也可作名詞，意為“潛力”，如Hehasgreatpotential.（他有很大的潛力。）5.

strategies：策略；戰(zhàn)略（strategy的復(fù)數(shù)形式）。例如：Weneedtodevelopdifferentstrategiestosolvethisproblem.（我們需要制定不同的策略來解決這個問題。）C篇重要短語及其解釋1.

benefitfrom：從……中受益。例如：Wecanbenefitfromreadingbooks.（我們能從讀書中受益。）2.

leadto：導(dǎo)致；通向。如：Smokingcanleadtomanyhealthproblems.（吸煙會導(dǎo)致許多健康問題。）3.

seekout：找出；找到；物色。例如：Weshouldseekoutnewopportunities.（我們應(yīng)該尋找新的機會。）4.

endup：最終成為；最后處于。例如：Ifyoudon'tworkhard,you'llendupnowhere.（如果你不努力，最終將一事無成。）5.

sailthrough：順利通過；輕易完成。例如：Hesailedthroughtheexam.（他輕松通過了考試。）6.

downpat：完全掌握；滾瓜爛熟。例如：Hehasthepoemdownpat.（他把這首詩背得滾瓜爛熟。）DTheabilitytodetectanearbypresencewithoutseeingortouchingitmaysoundfantastical—butit’sarealabilitythatsomecreatureshave.AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhavespecialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit’shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedanartificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.“Wedevelopedanewstrategyfor3Dmotionpositioningbyelectronicskin,bio-inspiredby‘electricfish’,”saysDr.XingeYu,anassociateprofessorintheDepartmentofBiomedicalEngineeringattheCityUniversityofHongKong.Theteamdescribedtheirc-skinsensorinapaperpublishedonNovember14inNature.Theartificialsensorismulti-layered.Onelayeractsasatransmitter(發(fā)射器),whichwillgenerateanelectricfieldonceactivated,andanotherlayeractsasareceivertodetectboththedirectionandthedistancetoanobject.Aseparatecontrollercreatesthedrivingsignaltoactivatethetransmitter.Whenanobjectcomeswithinrange,theelectricfieldaroundthesensorisdisrupted(擾亂),whichinturncanbedetectedbythereceiver.Thisdataisthenprocessedbyamicrocontrollerunit,whichcomputesthepositionofthetargetobjectandsendsthatinformationtoasmartphoneorotherdevices.Aspecialbiogel(生物凝膠)isusedinthesensor,whichhastheabilitytotransmitandreceiveelectricsignalsfromapatternofmicrochannelsonthesurface.Theendresultisasensorthatisthin,softandflexible,makingitcosytoadapttoirregularsurfaces,suchasthehumanbody.Incontrasttothetraditionalsensorsystemthatneedsalargenumberofsensorstoachievespatialpositioning,thenewsystemcanlocateanobjectpreciselyin3Dspaceusingjustafewsensors.Thissignificantlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofdatacollection,transmission,andprocessing.Theresearchershopethatthissensorcouldonedayopenupanewrangeofwearabletechnologies,includingsensorsforhuman-machineinteractionandthin,flexiblec-skin.32.Thefirstparagraphaimstoshow.A.thespecialabilityofAfricanfish. B.theinspirationforanewinventionC.thebigchallengeoflocatingobjects. D.thereasonfordevelopingasensor33.Whatisthecorrectorderofthesystem’sworkingprocedures?a.Thetransmittercreatesanelectricfield.b.Aunitcomputesthepositionofthetarget.c.Thecontrollersendstheactivatingsignal.d.Thereceiverdetectsthechangeofelectricsignals.e.Theelectricfieldisdisruptedbyanapproachingobject.A.c-a-c-d-b. B.c-a-d-e-b. C.a-c-e-d-b. D.a-e-c-d-b.34.Whatisanadvantageofthenewsensorsystem?A.Itssensitivitytodifferentstimulations.B.Itsadaptationtoenvironmentalchanges.C.Itsefficiencyinachieving3Dpositioning.D.Itsspeedindatacollectionandprocessing.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.MachineDetective“Wears”FlexibleE-skinB.Bio-inspiredSensor“Feels”WithoutTouchingC.E-SkinSensor:TheFutureofMachineLearningD.ElectricFields:TheFrontierofObjectDetection32.解析第一段提到一些生物有無需看見或觸摸就能探測到附近物體存在的能力，特別是非洲的一種魚有特殊器官能定位附近目標(biāo)，而科學(xué)家受此啟發(fā)開發(fā)了人工傳感器系統(tǒng)。所以第一段旨在展示新發(fā)明的靈感來源。答案是B。32.題干翻譯32.

第一段旨在展示____。A.非洲魚的特殊能力B.一項新發(fā)明的靈感C.定位物體的巨大挑戰(zhàn)D.開發(fā)一種傳感器的原因33.解析根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，系統(tǒng)的工作流程為：首先控制器發(fā)送激活信號（c），然后發(fā)射器產(chǎn)生電場（a），接著當(dāng)物體靠近時電場被擾亂（e），接收器檢測到電信號的變化（d），最后一個單元計算目標(biāo)的位置（b）。答案是A。33.題干翻譯33.

系統(tǒng)工作程序的正確順序是什么？a.發(fā)射器產(chǎn)生一個電場。b.一個單元計算目標(biāo)的位置。c.控制器發(fā)送激活信號。d.接收器檢測電信號的變化。e.電場被靠近的物體擾亂。A.c-a-e-d-bB.c-a-d-e-bC.a-c-e-d-bD.a-e-c-d-b34.解析文章提到與傳統(tǒng)傳感器系統(tǒng)需要大量傳感器來實現(xiàn)空間定位不同，新系統(tǒng)僅用幾個傳感器就能在3D空間精確定位物體，這顯著降低了數(shù)據(jù)收集、傳輸和處理的功耗，說明新傳感器系統(tǒng)在實現(xiàn)3D定位方面效率更高。答案是C。34.

新傳感器系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)勢是什么？A.它對不同刺激的敏感性。B.它對環(huán)境變化的適應(yīng)性。C.它在實現(xiàn)3D定位方面的效率。D.它在數(shù)據(jù)收集和處理方面的速度。35.解析文章主要講述了受非洲魚探測目標(biāo)能力的啟發(fā)，科學(xué)家開發(fā)出一種人工傳感器系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)能在不接觸的情況下感知物體，所以“Bio-inspiredSensor‘Feels’WithoutTouching（受生物啟發(fā)的傳感器無需觸摸就能‘感知’）”作為標(biāo)題最合適。答案是B。35.題干翻譯35.

這篇文章的最佳標(biāo)題是什么？A.機器偵探“穿戴”靈活電子皮膚B.受生物啟發(fā)的傳感器無需觸摸就能“感知”C.電子皮膚傳感器：機器學(xué)習(xí)的未來D.電場：物體檢測的前沿D篇重要單詞和詞組及其解釋：單詞1.

detect：動詞，察覺；發(fā)現(xiàn)；探測。例如：Themachinecandetectsmallflawsinthemetal.（這臺機器能檢測出金屬中的小瑕疵。）2.

presence：名詞，存在；出席；在場的人（或物）。如：Shewasnotawareofhispresenceintheroom.（她沒有察覺到他在房間里。）3.

fantastic：形容詞，極好的；了不起的；奇異的；難以置信的。文中取“奇異的；難以置信的”之意，如Thatsoundslikeafantasticidea.（那聽起來是個奇妙的主意。）4.

locate：動詞，確定……的位置；找到。例如：Weneedtolocatethesourceoftheproblem.（我們需要找出問題的根源。）5.

artificial：形容詞，人造的；人工的；假的。如：artificialintelligence（人工智能）6.

strategy：名詞，策略；戰(zhàn)略。例如：Weneedtodevelopanewmarketingstrategy.（我們需要制定新的營銷策略。）7.

motion：名詞，運動；移動；動作。如：themotionoftheplanets（行星的運動）8.

positioning：名詞，定位；布置。例如：thepositioningofthefurnitureintheroom（房間里家具的擺放）9.

generate：動詞，產(chǎn)生；引起；生成。例如：Thepowerplantgenerateselectricity.（這家發(fā)電廠發(fā)電。）10.

activate：動詞，使活動；激活；啟動。如：Youcanactivatethealarmbypressingthisbutton.（你可以按下這個按鈕啟動警報。）11.

disrupt：動詞，擾亂；使中斷；打亂。例如：Thestormdisruptedthetrainservice.（暴風(fēng)雨擾亂了火車服務(wù)。）12.

process：動詞，處理；加工。例如：Thecomputercanprocessalargeamountofdata.（這臺計算機能處理大量數(shù)據(jù)。）13.

precisely：副詞，精確地；準(zhǔn)確地；恰好。例如：Tellmepreciselywhathappened.（確切地告訴我發(fā)生了什么事。）14.

spatial：形容詞，空間的；與空間有關(guān)的。如：spatialawareness（空間意識）15.

consumption：名詞，消耗；消費。例如：theconsumptionofelectricity（電的消耗）詞組1.

incontrastto：與……形成對比；與……相比。例如：Incontrasttohisbrother,heisverytall.（與他哥哥相比，他很高。）2.

openup：開發(fā)；開辟；開啟。例如：Thenewtechnologyhasopenedupmanynewpossibilities.（這項新技術(shù)開辟了許多新的可能性。）第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。找出符合高中階段的重要單詞和短語并解釋Greenroofshavebeenaroundforthousandsofyears,longbeforemodernhousingwasdeveloped.Fromthesimplegrass-coveredroofsabovecavestothefamousHangingGardensofBabylon,theyremainedanimportantpartofarchitecture.36Theybringenormousenvironmentalbenefitsandoffersolutionstosomepressingecologicalchallengesofourtime.Inthedesignofagreenroof,therearekeyfactorsthatcount.Thefirststepistoinstall(安裝)aprotectivelayerovertherooftopreventwaterdamage.37It’sessentialtochoosehigh-qualitymaterials,asoncethegreenroofiscompletedandthebuildingisinuse,replacingtheprotectivelayerbecomesdifficultandexpensive.Next,adrainage(排水)layer,whichisoftenmadeofpebblesoraspecialmat,isplacedontop.Ithelpswaterflowofftheroofinsteadofpoolingonit.Then,agrowingmedium,likesoilorothersimilarmaterials,isspreadoverthedrainagelayer.38Nowit’stimetochooseplantsfortheroof.Someplantshaveshallowrootsystemsanddon’tneedmuchwater.39Sedumandchivesaregoodexamplesofsuchplants.Theyarenotonlywater-efficientbuttoughandlong-lasting.40It’simportanttothinkaboutyourbudget.Onaverage,itcosts$25to$30persquarefoottoinstallagreenroof.Thisdoesn’tincludethecostofinstallingorrepairingthenormalroofunderneath.Andthereislabourcosttocover.Ifatraditionalroofcosts$30persquarefoot,installingagreenroofcouldeasilydoublethatexpense.A.Thisiswheretheplantswillgrow.B.However,greenroofscomeatahighcost.C.Today,greenroofsaregainingmoreattention.D.Thesefeaturesmakethemidealforgreenroofs.E.Asaresult,theyledtothepopularityofgreenroofs.F.Greenroofmaterialscanrangefromgrasstosolarpanels.G.Thelayeralsostopsplantrootsgrowingintotheroofstructure.答案36.

C37.

G38.

A39.

D40.

B解析1.

36題：前文提到綠色屋頂在古代就存在，且一直是建筑的重要部分。后文說它們帶來巨大環(huán)境效益并解決當(dāng)下生態(tài)挑戰(zhàn)，說明現(xiàn)在綠色屋頂受到更多關(guān)注。C選項“Today,greenroofsaregainingmoreattention”（如今，綠色屋頂正受到更多關(guān)注）承上啟下，符合語境。2.

37題：前文說設(shè)計綠色屋頂?shù)谝徊绞前惭b保護層防止水損害，G選項“Thelayeralsostopsplantrootsgrowingintotheroofstructure”（這一層還能阻止植物根系長入屋頂結(jié)構(gòu)）進一步闡述了保護層的另一個作用，與前文對保護層的描述相呼應(yīng)。3.

38題：前文提到在排水層上鋪上種植介質(zhì)，A選項“Thisiswheretheplantswillgrow”（這就是植物將會生長的地方），這里的“this”指代前文的種植介質(zhì)層，解釋了其用途。4.

39題：前文說一些植物根系淺且需水少，D選項“Thesefeaturesmakethemidealforgreenroofs”（這些特點使它們成為綠色屋頂?shù)睦硐脒x擇），“Thesefeatures”指代前文提到的植物特點，邏輯連貫。5.

40題：后文提到安裝綠色屋頂平均每平方英尺的成本，還說成本可能翻倍，B選項“However,greenroofscomeatahighcost”（然而，綠色屋頂成本高昂）引出下文對成本的討論。重要單詞1.

architecture/?ɑ?k?tekt??(r)/：n.建筑；建筑學(xué)；建筑風(fēng)格。文中提到“theyremainedanimportantpartofarchitecture”，這里指綠色屋頂一直是建筑的重要部分。2.

enormous/??n??m?s/：adj.巨大的；龐大的?！癟heybringenormousenvironmentalbenefits”表示它們帶來巨大的環(huán)境益處。3.

pressing/?pres??/：adj.緊迫的；迫切的?！皁ffersolutionstosomepressingecologicalchallenges”指為一些緊迫的生態(tài)挑戰(zhàn)提供解決方案。4.

essential/??sen?l/：adj.基本的；必要的；極其重要的。“It'sessentialtochoosehigh-qualitymaterials”意思是選擇高質(zhì)量材料是極其重要的。5.

budget/?b?d??t/：n.預(yù)算?！癐t'simportanttothinkaboutyourbudget.”即考慮預(yù)算很重要。重要短語1.

aroundfor：存在（一段時間）?！癎reenroofshavebeenaroundforthousandsofyears”表示綠色屋頂已經(jīng)存在數(shù)千年了。2.

inuse：在使用中?！皁ncethegreenroofiscompletedandthebuildingisinuse”指一旦綠色屋頂建成且建筑投入使用。3.

insteadof：代替；而不是?！癐thelpswaterflowofftheroofinsteadofpoolingonit.”意思是它幫助水從屋頂流走而不是在屋頂上積聚。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Ionceworkedintheremotebutbeautifulcountryside.Allfarmworkcan,inmyexperience,41apersontodevelopaSpartan(斯巴達的)spirit.Fromtheageofeight,Ihadtocontributemyshareof42alongwithmyparentsandtwoelderbrothers.Onthehottestsummerdayswhentheair43flowed,Ikneltinapaddyfield(稻田)withmykneesdeepinmud.Thebugsandwormsinthewater44intomyskin,andthesunburneduponmy45back.Sweatstreameddown;ifadropranintotheeyes,itwould46tears.SoIalwayskeptmyfaceaslowaspossible.Itoldmyself,“Be47!”Ifmyparentsandbrotherscouldgoontakingit,socouldI.48Ipulledmyselftogetheranddraggedmyselfforward.Ilearnednottobeafraidofdifficultiesandthemeaningof“youreap(收獲)whatyou49.”“Judgeamannotbyhisface,butbyhis50,”mymotherusedtosay.Thelandis51,aslongasyouarewillingtoworkonit.Whenthewindblewandthericeplantsmovedlike52inthesea,breathtakinglybeautiful,adeepsenseofsatisfaction53inme.AlthoughlaterIwentintoacademicresearch,Ishallalwaysrememberwhatworkinginthepaddyfieldstaughtme:54yourfeetfirmlyontheground,nevergiveupandyouwillbe55.41.A.remind B.warn C.attract D.train42.A.wealth B.luck C.labour D.wisdom43.A.gently B.hardly C.loudly D.usually44.A.climbed B.bit C.cut D.fell45.A.arched B.broad C.strong D.straightened46.A.hold B.produce C.drop D