專題一名詞考點(diǎn)一名詞詞義辨析考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)二名詞的數(shù)考點(diǎn)三名詞所有格考點(diǎn)一名詞詞義辨析考點(diǎn)突破一、名詞的分類名詞即表示人或物名稱的詞,它分為專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類。具體情況見

下表:類別

意義例詞專有名詞

表示人、地方、事物、機(jī)

構(gòu)、組織等名稱的詞Lucy,China,theGreatWall,

theGreatHallofthePeople普通名詞

個(gè)體名詞表示個(gè)體的人或事物的詞dictionary,pencil,chair,win-

dow,table,book,bike,ball,

dog

集體名詞表示一群人或一些事物的

詞family,police,class,group,

team

物質(zhì)名詞表示構(gòu)成各種物體的物質(zhì)

或材料的詞rice,glass,water,porridge,pa-

per,air,wool,wheat,steel

抽象名詞表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、行為、

感情等抽象概念的詞knowledge,danger,health,

love二、常考名詞在中考中,對于名詞的考查多集中在具體語言環(huán)境下名詞詞義的辨析上。綜合

分析這幾年的中考真題,總結(jié)出一些常考的名詞。具體如下:Aactivity活動address地址advertisement廣告advantage優(yōu)勢advice建議attention注意athlete運(yùn)動員Bbalance平衡bottom底部business商業(yè),生意Cchallenge挑戰(zhàn)chance機(jī)會change變化collection收集物contribution貢獻(xiàn)choice選擇competition比賽;競爭cause原因custom風(fēng)俗courage勇氣Ddecision決定

design設(shè)計(jì)

difference不同discussion討論duty責(zé)任;義務(wù)

distance距離description描述director導(dǎo)演;負(fù)責(zé)人

direction說明;方向Eeducation教育

effort努力

energy能量;精力experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)

expression表達(dá)environment環(huán)境excuse借口

exhibition展覽experience經(jīng)驗(yàn);經(jīng)歷

explanation解釋;說明Ffeeling感覺fun樂趣Hhabit習(xí)慣hobby業(yè)余愛好honour榮譽(yù)Iinformation信息

interest興趣importance重要性

invention發(fā)明interview面試;訪談

influence影響(力)instruction說明;指示

invitation邀請M/Nmood心情

noise噪音Ooffer提議

opinion意見,看法opportunity機(jī)會

organization機(jī)構(gòu);組織Pprotection保護(hù)

praise表揚(yáng)patient病人

progress進(jìn)步problem問題

promise承諾

pride驕傲Rreason理由;原因

relation關(guān)系

result結(jié)果

report報(bào)告research研究;調(diào)查Sservice服務(wù)

shape形狀;外形stranger陌生人sight視力;景象

style樣式;款式support支持success成功

suggestion建議sense感覺Ttechnology技術(shù)tourist游客

tradition傳統(tǒng)traffic車輛;交通trouble困難Vvoice嗓音

volunteer志愿者visitor游客value價(jià)值考點(diǎn)二名詞的數(shù)名詞的數(shù)在英語中,普通名詞按照其所表示的事物性質(zhì)可分為可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞。1.可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式?？蓴?shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的變化如下:(1)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化變化例詞一般情況下在詞尾直接加-smap→mapspark→parks以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的,在詞尾加-esbus→busesbox→boxesbrush→brusheswatch→watches部分以f,fe結(jié)尾的,把f,fe變成v,再加-es,有些直接在詞尾加-sknife→kniveswife→wivesroof→roofsbelief→beliefs以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的,變y為i,再加-esfamily→familiesbaby→babies以字母o結(jié)尾的,有時(shí)加-s,有時(shí)加-esphoto→photoshero→heroes(2)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化注意:可用下列單詞或短語修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。如:some,(a)few,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,many變化例詞oo→eefoot→feettooth→teethgoose→geesea→eman→menwoman→women詞尾加-renchild→children特殊變化mouse→mice不變化sheepdeerJapaneseChinese2.不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量可用alotof,much,little,alittle,some,no等修飾。要表示

一定的數(shù)量,可借助單位詞(piece,pair,bowl等)表達(dá)。如:acupoftea一杯茶apieceofpaper一張紙apieceofnews一則新聞aglassofwater一杯水threecupsofcoffee三杯咖啡fivekilosofmeat五公斤肉注意:一些可數(shù)名詞也可加單位詞來表達(dá)。如:aboxofmatches一盒火柴fourpoundsoftomatoes四磅西紅柿3.名詞作定語時(shí)的單復(fù)數(shù)名詞作定語時(shí)一般用單數(shù)形式,但以下情況例外:(1)用復(fù)數(shù)作定語。如:sportsmeeting運(yùn)動會talkstable談判桌(2)man,woman等作定語時(shí),其單復(fù)數(shù)形式以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如:menworkers男工人womenteachers女教師(3)“數(shù)詞+名詞”組成復(fù)合形容詞作定語時(shí),該名詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如:atwo-dayholiday一個(gè)兩天的假期名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)glass玻璃杯玻璃orange橙子橙汁room房間空間fish魚魚肉time次數(shù);倍數(shù)時(shí)間paper報(bào)紙;試卷紙,紙張chicken小雞雞肉work作品工作experience經(jīng)歷經(jīng)驗(yàn)life生命生活4.常見的同一名詞作可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的不同意義見下表:5.分辨可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的口訣可數(shù)不可數(shù)好分辨,名詞所示物分兩半。如每半不能叫原名,那該詞可數(shù)最公平。每半還能把原名叫,不可數(shù)名詞就遇到。有的名詞是兩面堵,意變不可數(shù)為可數(shù)。如:bike(自行車),如果把一輛自行車分成兩半,每半只能叫自行車的一部分,不能

再叫自行車,所以bike是可數(shù)名詞。water(水),如果把一杯水分成兩杯裝,每杯仍可叫水,因此,water是不可數(shù)名詞。orange(橙汁),如果把一瓶橙汁分成兩瓶,每瓶還可以叫橙汁,故orange(橙汁)為不可數(shù)名詞;但意為“橙子”時(shí),是可數(shù)名詞?？键c(diǎn)三名詞所有格1.名詞所有格表示名詞之間的所有關(guān)系。有兩種表示形式:一種是's所有格,另

一種是of所有格。如:BeijingisChina'scapital./BeijingisthecapitalofChina.北京是中國的首都。2.用and連接兩個(gè)并列的單數(shù)名詞表示共有關(guān)系,這時(shí)只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加-

's。如:ThisisMaryandhersister'sbedroom.這是瑪麗和她姐姐的臥室。LilyandLucy'smotherisanurse.莉莉和露西的媽媽是位護(hù)士。用and連接兩個(gè)并列名詞,表示分別擁有各自的物品時(shí),兩個(gè)名詞都在詞尾加-'s

表示所有關(guān)系。如:TheseareTom'sandMary'sbags.這些是湯姆和瑪麗的包。WeiHua'sandJohn'slicensesaremissing.魏華和約翰的許可證都丟了。3.以-s結(jié)尾的名詞,在s后加“'”;不以-s結(jié)尾的詞,在詞尾加-'s。如:Children'sDay兒童節(jié)

Teachers'Day教師節(jié)4.of所有格常用來表示無生命的東西。如:thedooroftheroom房間的門5.雙重所有格有兩種形式:①of+名詞所有格;②of+名詞性物主代詞。如:Heisafriendofmybrother's.他是我哥哥的一個(gè)朋友。Issheadaughterofyours?她是你的女兒嗎?6.表示店鋪、醫(yī)院、診所、住宅等名稱時(shí),常在名詞后加上-’s代表全稱。如:atthedoctor's在診所7.一些具有名詞性質(zhì)的復(fù)合不定代詞,如someone,everybody等和else連用時(shí),-'s

應(yīng)加在else后。如:somebodyelse'spencil別人的鉛筆8.表示時(shí)間、距離、國家、城市等無生命的東西的名詞,也可以在詞尾加“-

's”或“'”來構(gòu)成所有格。如:(1)用于時(shí)間anhour'sride騎車一小時(shí)的路程twoweeks'time兩個(gè)星期的時(shí)間(2)用于度量thirteentons'weight13噸的重量fivehundredmetres'distance五百米的距離(3)用于價(jià)值ahundredyuan'sorder一百元的訂貨單ahundredpounds'note一百英鎊的鈔票(4)用于天體theearth'ssatellite地球衛(wèi)星(5)用于國家Belgium'scapital比利時(shí)的首都(6)用于城市theUral'sindustry烏拉爾的工業(yè)Changchun'sagriculture長春的農(nóng)業(yè)9.雙重所有格與of所有格的區(qū)別。如:Heisafriendofyourfather's.他是你父親的一個(gè)朋友。(強(qiáng)調(diào)你父親的朋友不止一個(gè))Heisafriendofyourfather.他是你父親的朋友。(強(qiáng)調(diào)他對你父親的友好)一、選詞填空1.(2019河南)Forhisson'sbirthday,Stevenistakinghimtothenewmovieasa

treat

.(task/treat/choice/visit)2.(2019天津)Thepurpose

ofthisactivityistoraisemoneyforanewhospital.

(silence/purpose/culture/language)3.(2019江蘇南京)—TomorrowisMum'sbirthday.Let'sbuysomeflowersfor

her.—OK.Iknowshelikesroses

best.(dresses/rings/handbags/roses)中考題組4.(2019重慶)Onepage

ofthebookismissing,soIcan'tlearnthewholestory.

(copy/page/writer/reader)5.(2019山西)Tokeepourcitybeautiful,thecleaners

arealwaysverybusyin

thestreets.Weshouldn'tthrowrubbisheverywhere.(policemen/cleaners/drivers)6.(2019湖北武漢)—Dad,whatistheloudspeakersaying?—Itistothepassengers

.TheflighttoWuhanisboardingnow.(customers/pas-

sengers/members/tourists)7.(2019江西)Mydaughterhelpsmecook,butsheisn'toldenoughtobeleftalone

inthekitchen

.(bedroom/classroom/lab/kitchen)8.(2019福建)—Whatshouldwedoforthecampingtrip?—We'dbettermakealist

ofthingslikefoods,drinks,medicineandsoon.(list

/card/report)9.(2019安徽)Youcanseethepride

inourfaceswhenwetalkaboutthegreat

achievementsinthepast70years.(doubt/pride/regret/ability)10.(2019河北)Ilikethissong.It'sbyoneofmyfavoritesingers

.(singers/

dancers/painters/writers)11.(2019四川成都)—Sally'sfavoritecolor

isorange.—Isee.That'swhyallhersweatersareorange.(fruit/color/juice)12.(2019山東青島)—Lucy,howaboutgoingtothelibrary

?—Soundsgreat!Readingbookscangiveusmuchpleasure.(library/cinema/museum

/concert)13.(2019浙江溫州)—Sir,didyouenjoyyourstayinourhotel

?—Yes,IsleptwellandIlikethebreakfast.(hotel/school/factory/company)14.(2019黑龍江哈爾濱)Timgotfourtoys

fromhisrelativesonChildren's

Day.(toy/toys/toies)15.(2019甘肅天水)Afterplayingfootballformorethanhalfanhour,thestudents

tookafewminutes'

rest.(afewminute's/alittleminute's/afewminutes'/alittleminutes')16.(2019江蘇蘇州)—Keepquiet,son!Ineedcompletesilence

whenI'm

working.—Sorry,Dad.Iwon'tmakeanynoiseagain.(trust/silence/control/strength)17.(2018河南)—It'suselesstoregretwhathasbeendone.Don'tmakethosemis-

takesagain.—Iwon't.That'sa(n)promise

.(order/decision/promise/agreement)18.(2018天津)Hersmilemademefeelwarmandlively.Itwaslikeahiddentreasure

.(competition/interview/treasure/tradition)19.(2018江蘇南京)—DoyouhavethisT-shirtinasmallsize

?—I'mafraidnot.Itonlycomesinmedium.(size/colour/material/taste)20.(2018河北)Didyouhearthenews

?Ascientistwillvisitourschool.(advice/

news/praise/choice)21.(2018廣東)Thethreerooms

upstairsaretoosmalltohaveenoughroom

foradoublebed.(room;room/room;rooms/rooms;room/rooms;rooms)22.(2018湖北武漢)—Kate,I'mgoingshopping.Anythingtobuyforyou?—Yes,thatwillsavemeatrip

.(hand/trip/visit/bill)23.(2018重慶)—Ihaveabadcold.—Sorrytohearthat.You'dbettergotoseeadoctor

atonce.(doctor/cook/writer/farmer)24.(2018安徽)—Whatisthesecret

ofyourexcellentspokenEnglish?—Practicemakesperfect!(result/influence/duty/secret)25.(2017河南)Ifyoufighthard,knowwhoyouare,andareproudofwhoyouare,

you'vegotagoodchance

ofwinning.(choice/chance/decision/direction)二、語篇填空(2020河南中考預(yù)測)閱讀短文,從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空,使短文通順、意思完整。每空限填一詞,每詞限用一次。hewriteexcellentonegetdieasyearlateruntilThelifeofMaoDunThisyearmarksthe120thanniversaryofMaoDun'sbirth.Heisoneofthemost

famousnovelistsofmodernChina.MaoDunwasbornin1896.Hebeganhiscareerasa1

in1916.In1920,hetrans-

latedThe

Constitution

of

the

Communist

Party

of

the

Soviet

UnionintoChinese.

Oneyear

2

,inShanghai,MaoDunbecamethe

3

writertojointheCommu-

nistPartyofChina.HewasChina'sfirstministerofcultureandwaselectedchair-manoftheChineseWritersAssociation(中國作家協(xié)會)in1978.OnMarch27,198

1,he4

ofillnessinBeijing.Duringtheperiodfrom19745

hisdeath,MaoDunlivedinBeijingandfinished

writinghisreminiscences(回憶錄).Duringthelastyearofhislife,MaoDunhaddifficulty6

aroundanddidmost

ofhisreadingandwritinginhisbedroom.Asinglebed,apillow,asheetandaquilt

remainpositioned

7

theywerebeforehisdeath.Somebooksthatheoftenread

duringhislast

8

arepiledonabedsidetable.Maokeptpensandpaperbeside

himatnightsothathecouldwritedown

9

thoughtsashewokeupatmidnightforreading.Onhisdeathbed,hedonatedroyalties(版稅)of250,000yuantothe

ChineseWritersAssociationasafundtoestablishtheMaoDunLiteratureAwards

(茅盾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng))asawaytoencourage10

Chinesenovelists.1.writer

2.later

3.first

4.died

5.until

6.getting

7.as

8.year

9.his

10.excellent

一、選詞填空1.(2019河南鄭州外國語中學(xué)一模)Jennifertakesalotofexerciseeverydayand

sheisalwaysfullofenergy

.(knowledge/energy/change/courage)2.(2019河南新鄉(xiāng)一模)—Itsoundslikeagoodidea.Butwhoisgoingtogivethe

speech?—IthinkEmilyisthebestchoice

.(plan/goal/chance/choice)3.(2019河南洛陽一模)Idobelievefriendshiprequirestrust

,oritwillbreak

easily.(trust/trouble/solution/suggestion)模擬題組4.(2019河南開封一模)—Didyougototheconcert

lastnight?—Yes.ThemusicfansscreamedandcheeredwhenAvrilLavigneappearedonthe

stage.(museum/cinema/concert/library)5.(2019河南安陽一模)There'sahugedifference

betweenthinkingabout

somethingandactuallydoingit.Trytochooseproperly.(development/decision/dis-

covery/difference)6.(2019河南焦作一模)Hisexcuse

forbeinglatewasthathehadmissedthe

train,butitwasnottrue.(introduction/explanation/reason/excuse)7.(2019河南平頂山一模)—Mom,Ihavetrieditmanytimesbutstilldidn'tsuc-ceed.Ireallywanttogiveup.—Mydearson,Ibelievethataslongasyouhaveastrongwill

,yourdream

willcometrueoneday.(wish/will/feeling/order)8.(2019河南許昌一模)National

Treasurequicklyrosetothetoptelevisionrating

ranks(收視率)afteritwasplayedonCCTV.Itmeansagrowinginterest

intradi-

tionalcultureamongChina'syoungpeople.(interest/introduction/direction/habit)9.(2019河南商丘一模)Heandhiswifeareofthesamemind

.Theybothwant

theirsontogotocollege.(heart/spirit/mind/direction)10.(2019河大附中一模)—Whatagreatdecision

you'vemade!—Yes,Iavoidedanaccidentbychangingthedirection.(agreement/decision/instruc-

tion/mistake)11.(2019河南中原名校中考第一次大聯(lián)考)—HowcanIlearnEnglishwell?—Youcantrytoremembersomenewwordseveryday.Andlisteningtotapesis

alsoagoodchoice

.(choice/suggestion/message/advantage)12.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大聯(lián)考)Friendscanhaveagreatinfluence

onteenagers,sotrytostayawayfromthosefriendswithbadhabits.(time/differ-

ence/influence/discussion)13.(2019河南百校聯(lián)盟大聯(lián)考)—HowfarisitfromChongqingtoGuiyang?—It'sabouttwohours'

ridebyhigh-speedtrain.(hour/hour's/hours/hours')14.(2019河南鄭州二模)Myfather'soldcarneedstoomuchattention

,soheis

goingtosellit.(information/attention/condition/pollution)15.(2019河南新鄉(xiāng)二模)Thegesture

isamovementofpartofyourbody,espe-

ciallyyourhands,toshowwhatyoumean.(method/gesture/expression/measure)16.(2019河南平頂山二模)—It'sfinetoday,Linda.Howaboutgoingforarun?—Sorry.Thisisnottherightmoment

toinviteme.Ihavetodomyhomework.

(moment/situation/place/chance)17.(2018河南開封一模)—HowdotheBritishpeopleusuallystarta(n)conversation

?—Theystartitwithsubjectslikeweatherorholiday.(conversation/discussion/introduction/instruction)18.(2018河南新鄉(xiāng)一模)Meetingthestandard

ofastrictteachermaybehard,

butifyouhavegotusedtoit,youwillfindhowmuchyouareimproving.(agree-

ment/standard/ability/experience)19.(2018河南安陽一模)—Davidmadeupasillyexcuseforhisabsence

from

themeetingagain.—Healwaystalksalotanddoeslittle.(silence/absence/courage/position)20.(2018河南許昌一模)Agoodwaytobreakthehabit

ofeatingtooquicklyis

toputyourknifeandforkdownaftereachmouthful.(tradition/use/habit/custo