專題八動(dòng)詞的分類與辨析考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞的分類及動(dòng)詞短語考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)二動(dòng)詞的詞義辨析考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞的分類及動(dòng)詞短語考點(diǎn)突破一、動(dòng)詞的分類動(dòng)詞的種類包括實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。(一)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞是能獨(dú)立作謂語的動(dòng)詞。按其句法功能可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)

詞。1.及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞本身意義不完整,需要接賓語才能使其意思完整。(1)動(dòng)詞+賓語Ilikethisbookverymuch.我非常喜歡這本書。(2)動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ)WecallthebirdPolly.我們叫這只鳥Polly。Isawthechildrenplayintheparkyesterday.昨天我看見孩子們?cè)诠珗@玩。注意:用省略to的不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:have,see,watch,notice,hear

等。(3)動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語Pleasepassmethesalt.請(qǐng)把鹽遞給我。常見的帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有:give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell

等。2.不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞自身意思完整,無需接賓語。Horsesrunfast.馬跑得很快。(1)有些動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞又可作不及物動(dòng)詞。WestudyEnglish.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。(及物動(dòng)詞)Westudyhard.我們努力學(xué)習(xí)。(不及物動(dòng)詞)(2)有些不及物動(dòng)詞與一些別的詞搭配在一起構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語,它的作用相當(dāng)于一

個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。1)動(dòng)詞+介詞Listentotheteachercarefully.仔細(xì)聽老師講。注意:此類動(dòng)詞短語后面的賓語無論是名詞還是代詞,都只能放在介詞后面,不

能放在動(dòng)詞和介詞之間。2)動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞Let'sgoonwithourwork!讓我們繼續(xù)我們的工作吧!Hegetsalongwellwithhisclassmates.他與同學(xué)們相處得很好。注意:這類動(dòng)詞短語后的賓語只能放在介詞的后面。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞按其持續(xù)性可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。①延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作是可以持續(xù)的,可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如:live,

study,work,keep,teach等。如:WehavelivedinSuzhousince2001.自2001年以來,我們一直住在蘇州。Youcankeepthisbookfortwoweeks.這本書你可以借兩周。②非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示瞬間動(dòng)作,動(dòng)作一旦發(fā)生立即結(jié)束,如:buy,lend,borrow,die,be-

gin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,come,catch等,非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的

狀語連用。如果和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用,就要用其他的詞代替。Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.那個(gè)老人已經(jīng)去世兩年了。(這里不能用hasdied)Hearrivedherefivedaysago.他五天前到這兒的。(二)系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義,但不能單獨(dú)作謂語,必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語,說明主語的

狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份。1.表示狀態(tài)常見的有:be“是”;stay“保持”;keep“保持”;remain“保持”等。如:Itremainsasecret.它現(xiàn)在還是個(gè)秘密。2.表示感官、表象常見的有:look“看起來”;feel“摸起來”;smell“聞起來”;sound“聽起來”;taste“嘗起來”等。如:Theflowerssmellsweet.花聞起來很香。3.表示轉(zhuǎn)變和結(jié)果常見的有:become“變成”;get/turn/grow“變得”等。如:Herfaceturnsred.她的臉紅了。(三)助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞本身沒有意義,它只是幫助實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語,表示疑問、否

定、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)等。有些單詞并不是固定的助動(dòng)詞,如動(dòng)詞be、have、do等在

句子中與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、否定句、疑問句時(shí),才擔(dān)當(dāng)起助動(dòng)詞的作用。常見的助動(dòng)詞還有will,shall,would,should等。(四)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定的詞義,本身并不表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),而僅僅表示說話人的態(tài)度。它在句中

需和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語。(詳見“專題十一情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”)動(dòng)詞+介詞laughat嘲笑pointat指著worryabout擔(dān)憂agreewith贊成askfor請(qǐng)求talkabout談?wù)搫?dòng)詞+副詞pickup撿起growup長(zhǎng)大lookout當(dāng)心stayup熬夜動(dòng)詞+名詞makeprogress取得進(jìn)步makefaces做鬼臉動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞makefriendswith...和……交朋友giveone'slifeto...獻(xiàn)身于……動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞stayawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離getalongwith進(jìn)展;相處動(dòng)詞+介詞+名詞gotoschool去上學(xué)gotobed上床睡覺二、動(dòng)詞短語1.常見的動(dòng)詞短語有以下幾種形式:2.常見的動(dòng)詞短語:take短語takeup占據(jù)

takeaway帶走;拿走

takeoff(飛機(jī))起飛;脫掉

takedown寫下;記下

takeout切除

takeplace發(fā)生

takecareof照顧

takepartin參加

make短語makeadecision作出決定

makeamistake犯錯(cuò)

makealiving謀生

makeup組成;構(gòu)成

turn短語turnon打開

turnoff關(guān)閉

turnup開大;調(diào)高

turndown調(diào)低;關(guān)小

turnin上交

turnout結(jié)果是

give短語giveup放棄

givein屈服;讓步

giveaway捐贈(zèng)

giveout散發(fā);分發(fā)

giveoff發(fā)出(光、熱等)

get短語getto到達(dá)

getup起床;起來

getover克服

geton上車

getoff下車

gettogether相聚

getreadyfor...為……做準(zhǔn)備

keep短語keepout留在外面

keepoff使……不接近;回避某話題

keepupwith并駕齊驅(qū);跟上

keepawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離

keepintouch保持聯(lián)系

keephealthy保持健康

put短語putup搭建;張貼

puton穿上;上演

putoff推遲;拖延

putout熄滅

putaway把……收起來

putdown寫下;記下

putupwith容忍

look短語lookat看

lookfor尋找

lookafter照顧

lookup查閱

lookthrough瀏覽

lookaround環(huán)顧

come短語comeon加油;快點(diǎn)

comeout出現(xiàn);出版

comeover突然感到

comealong出現(xiàn);跟隨

go短語goon繼續(xù)

goback回到

goaway走開;離開

goby(時(shí)間)流逝

goover仔細(xì)檢查

gooff熄滅;離開

三個(gè)(be)usedtobeusedtodoingsth.表示習(xí)慣做某事,此時(shí)to是介詞,后用v.-ing形式

usedtodosth.表示過去常常做某事

beusedtodosth.被用來做某事考點(diǎn)二動(dòng)詞的詞義辨析常見的動(dòng)詞詞義辨析:三個(gè)“到達(dá)”getgetto+地點(diǎn)名詞

reach及物動(dòng)詞,后面可直接接地點(diǎn)名詞

arrivearrivein+大地點(diǎn)(名詞)arriveat+小地點(diǎn)(名詞)三個(gè)“借”borrow非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,表示主語“借入”,常用搭配borrowsth.fromsb.

lend非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,表示主語“借出”,常用搭配lendsth.tosb.

keep延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,表示“長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地借”三個(gè)“穿”dressdresssb.給某人穿衣服;dressup裝扮

puton“穿上,戴上”,表示動(dòng)作

wear“穿著,戴著”,表示狀態(tài)四個(gè)“看”see“看見”,表示結(jié)果

look“看”,表示動(dòng)作,是不及物動(dòng)詞,后面需加介詞at才能接賓語

watch“觀看(比賽、電視)”

read“看(書、報(bào))”,表示閱讀四個(gè)“拿”bring“帶來,拿來”,表示“拿到靠近說話人的地方”

take“拿去,帶走”,表示“拿到遠(yuǎn)離說話人的地方”

carry“扛,搬,用力移動(dòng)”,沒有方向

fetch“去取,去拿”,表示“往返拿東西”四個(gè)“說”speak作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)后接表示語言的名詞,也指在會(huì)議上發(fā)言

say常跟直接引語或間接引語,并且表示說的內(nèi)容

talk是不及物動(dòng)詞,常跟介詞to和with,意為“同……談話”,也表示具有說話的能力

tell意為“告訴”,tellstories意為“講故事”四個(gè)“花費(fèi)”spend人作主語,表示花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢,后接onsth.或(in)doingsth.

cost物作主語,意為“某物花費(fèi)多少錢”

take可用于固定句型表示花費(fèi)一段時(shí)間做某事,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:It+takes/took+一段時(shí)間+todosth.

pay與介詞for連用兩個(gè)“找”lookfor強(qiáng)調(diào)尋找的過程

find強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果兩個(gè)“聽”listentolisten為不及物動(dòng)詞,與to組成固定搭配,強(qiáng)調(diào)聽的動(dòng)作

hear強(qiáng)調(diào)聽的結(jié)果四個(gè)有關(guān)“贏、輸”lose意為“被打敗;輸?shù)簟?常用搭配:losetosb.輸給某人

fail意為“失敗”或“未做成某事”

beat意為“打敗”,后接某人或某支隊(duì)伍

win意為“贏得”,如:贏得榮譽(yù)、地位、比賽等三個(gè)“參加”join一般指加入“黨派”或“組織”,如參軍、入黨等

takepartin指參加聚會(huì)或活動(dòng)

attend一般指出席會(huì)議四個(gè)“變化”turn一般用于顏色的變化

get天變黑、變長(zhǎng)或變短

become天氣變暖或變冷等,表示漸變

grow形狀變大或變小一、選詞填空1.(2019河南)Youcan'tchangewhoyouarebyreadingabookorchangetheway

youactbywatchingavideo.Whatmatters

iswhatyoudo,notwhatyouknow.

(includes/decides/means/matters)2.(2019河南)Iaskedmyfathertopick

meup

attheschoolgateat6:30so

thatwecouldvisitGrandmatogether.(pick;up/turn;down/let;down/cheer;up)3.(2019天津)Weshouldavoid

makinganoiseinthelibrary.(avoid/prefer/prac-

tise/enjoy)中考題組4.(2019天津)IfyouwanttojointheMusicClub,fillout

theform,please.(go

out/fillout/getup/warmup)5.(2019江蘇南京)TinacomestoChinainordertoexperienceChinesecultureand

findout

whichuniversityisthebestforhertoattend.(putout/stayout/findout/

runout)6.(2019山西)Fightingforyourdreamsislikeclimbingamountain.Whateverdiffi-

cultiesyoumeet,don'tgiveup

.Justmoveon.(setoff/comeout/giveup)7.(2019湖北武漢)—Iwon'ttellthistoanyone.—Promise

?(Agree/Guess/Hope/Promise)8.(2019湖北武漢)—WhywereyoushoutingatTom?—Itoldhimtobequiet,buthekepton

talking.(joinedin/endedup/kepton/put

off)9.(2019江西)You'llhavetoshare

thebooksbecausetherearen'tenoughfor

everyone.(pack/sell/choose/share)10.(2019福建)—Ihavetroublespeaking

English,Mr.Lee.—WhynotgototheEnglishCornerandtrytotalkwithothers?(reading/writing/

speaking)11.(2019福建)MydeskmateandIaregoingtoputon

atalkshowatthepartytocelebratethe70thbirthdayofourmotherland.(handin/puton/takeout)12.(2019安徽)—Hello,BeijingHotel.CanIhelpyou?—Yes,I'dliketobook

asingleroomfortwonights.(enter/move/book/pro-

vide)13.(2019新疆)—I'mafraidhisradioistoonoisy.Willyoupleaseask

himto

turnitdown

alittle?—Sure.(ask;turnitdown/allow;turniton/tell;turnitup/advise;turnitoff)14.(2019吉林)Wealwayscleanup

ourclassroomeveryFridayafternoon.

(cleanup/putup/useup)15.(2019貴州銅仁)—DoyouknowanythingaboutC919?—Ofcourse.It'sakindofplanewhichismadein

China.(ismadeof/ismade

in/ismadefrom/ismadeupof)16.(2019江蘇蘇州)Wouldyoupleaseturnoff

thelight?Ican'tsleepwell

withiton.(turnon/turnoff/turnto/turnaround)17.(2019甘肅蘭州)—CanIhelpyou,sir?—Yes,please.Iamlookingfor

ablueT-shirt.(lookingup/lookingfor/looking

after/lookingthrough)18.(2019湖北襄陽)—WhatdoesHuawei'snewestsmartphonelooklike?—It'swonderful!Youcanfold

itinhalfjustlikeclosingabook.(hand/pass/

fold/cut)19.(2019河北)OnthefirstdayofChineseNewYear,weputon

newclothes

andvisitpeople.(pickup/puton/takeoff/throwaway)20.(2019廣西南寧)John,pleasetakeout

yourdictionaryfromtheschoolbag

andlookupthenewword.(takeaway/takeup/takeoff/takeout)21.(2019內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特)—Jack,let'shaveapicnicafterschool.—Sorry.Ihavepromised

Franktoworkonthebiologyreportwithhim.(ad-

vised/expected/suggested/promised)22.(2019內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特)IreallyneedtotakemoreexercisebecauseI'm

puttingon

weight.(puttingdown/puttingon/puttingoff/puttingaway)23.(2019山東青島)TheEnglishSpeechCompetitionbroughtout

thebestin

her.Asaresult,sheismoreactivenow.(checkedout/triedout/leftout/broughtout)24.(2018河南)—Hey,Jeremy.TonyandIwanttotry

thenewItalianrestau-

ranttonight.Comewithus!—Whynot?(try/taste/choose/search)25.(2018河南)—Jackistellingeveryonehehasboughtanewcar.—Paynoattentiontohim.Heisjustshowingoff

.(takingoff/showingoff/driv-ingoff/settingoff)26.(2018天津)Iamafraidwecannotafford

totakeataxi.Let'sgobyunder-

groundinstead.(refuse/afford/forget/fall)27.(2018河北)Canyouhelpmepickup

thepen?It'sunderyourchair.(askfor

/lookfor/pickup/putup)28.(2018江蘇蘇州)—WhatdoyouthinkofJason?—Hehasimpressed

mewithhisgoodsenseofhumour.(impressed/admired/

reminded/warned)29.(2018湖北武漢)Itookthesubwayandgotoff

atthedowntownstation.(gotthrough/gotover/goton/gotoff)30.(2018山東濰坊)Thephotosthatwonthefirstprizeinthecompetitionwillbe

putup

onthewebsite.(putaway/putoff/putup/puton)31.(2018安徽)—I'mafraidImightforgettobuythebreadafterwork.—Don'tworry.Iwillremind

youthen.(notice/allow/remind/promise)32.(2018貴州貴陽)Weshouldspend

moretimetalkingwithourteachersso

thattheycanunderstandusbetter.(pay/spend/take)33.(2017河南)Don'tknowwhereyourkidsareinthehouse?TurnofftheInternet

andthey'llshowup

quickly.(getup/standup/showup/hurryup)34.(2017河南)Theplaneremained

onthegroundfortwomorehoursbecause

ofthebadweather.(ran/moved/shook/remained)二、語篇填空(2020河南中考預(yù)測(cè))閱讀短文,從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空,使短文通順、意思完

整。每空限填一詞,每詞限用一次。specialwithoutshesoencourage

peteInanEnglishwritingcompetition,agirlnamedSarawonfirstprize.Sheisa1

winner,becausesheistheonlycompetitorwhodoesn'thavehands.Sarawasborn2

herhands.Herfamilydidn'tlikeher,3

theyleftherin

frontofawelfarehome(福利院).4

,anAmericancouplelikedSaraverymuch.

TheybroughtherbacktoAmerica.Therewasanothergirlinthefamily.Sheis2

years5

thanSara.ShelikedSara,too.Sarawasshyatfirst.Butallthefamily6

hertoopenherheart.Theytaughther

tospeakEnglishandtreatedherlikeacommonperson.Astimewentby,Sarabe-

camemoreandmoreactiveandoutgoing.Shewassosmartthatshecould7

andreadEnglishinjustoneyear.Shewasalsobrave.Shelearnedtorideabikeandclimbtreeswithnohands.Lastyear,therewasanEnglishwriting8

inherschool.Shedecidedtotake

partinit.Shebegantolearntowrite,holdingthepenbetweenherarms.Thepen

felldownfromherarmsagainandagain.However,shedidn'tgiveup.Aftertwo

9

,shecouldwriteverywell.Andfinally,shewontheprize.Allherfamilyand

friendswereproudof10

.Whenshelearntthereweremanyotherpeoplelike

herinChina,shebegantolearnChinese.Shesaiditwasherdutytotellthemhow

tobesuccessfulinlife.1.special

2.without

3.so

4.Luckily

5.older

6.encouraged

7.speak

8.competition

9.months

10.her

一、選詞填空1.(2019河南鄭州一模)—Howcanwebuildanexcellentclass?—Weneedagoodheadteachertopulltogether

allthestudentsandteachers.

(putoff/pullout/putdown/pulltogether)2.(2019河南鄭州外國(guó)語中學(xué)一模)Nowadays,thenumberofthecarsisbecoming

largerandlarger.Sowemustpayattentionto

thetrafficsafety.(lookforward

to/bewillingto/payattentionto/preferto)3.(2019河南鄭州外國(guó)語中學(xué)一模)Iamgreatlyinterestedinthispainting.Some-模擬題組thinginitexpresses

thepainter'sdeeplovefornature.(expresses/discusses/

expects/imagines)4.(2019河南鄭州外國(guó)語中學(xué)一模)TheInternetissocloselyconnectedwithour

dailylife.Canyouimagine

alifewithoutit?(understand/imagine/consider/ex-

pect)5.(2019河南省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)一模)Areyoukidding?Doessuchamealcost$50?I

expect

somethingfarbetterthanthis.(cancel/expect/regret/suppose)6.(2019河南新鄉(xiāng)一模)—Ihaven'tpaintedsinceIwas11.NowIamthinking

aboutpicking

itup

again.—Goodforyou!(giving;up/picking;up/putting;up/cutting;up)7.(2019河南洛陽一模)Slowdownandcompare

yourpresentwithyourpast,

youwillfindhowluckyyouare.(correct/complete/compare/consider)8.(2019河南洛陽一模)—Idon'tknowhowtodealwith

theoldbooksinmy

study.—WhynothaveayardsalethisSunday?(handin/dealwith/takeup/takeaway)9.(2019河南開封一模)Thereportonthewildanimalsrequires

alotofinfor-

mation,soI'llgotothelibraryforsomemagazinesandbooksaboutnatureand

wildlife.(receives/requires/records/repairs)10.(2019河南安陽一模)Whenyoufeellikegivingup

,justtryonemoretime

—dothatalittlebitmore.Encourageyourself,ratherthandiscouragingyourself.

(puttingup/showingup/givingup/turningup)11.(2019河南焦作一模)Thereweresomanypeopleinthestreetthathehadto

push

hiswaythroughthecrowd.(feel/throw/pull/push)12.(2019河南焦作一模)Whenhefailedtopayhisbill,thecompanycutoff

his

electricity.(cutup/cutoff/cutthrough/cutdown)13.(2019河南平頂山一模)Jackisalwayssobusythathecanhardlyspare

a

fewminutestotalktohisfamily.(spend/spare/share/take)14.(2019河南平頂山一模)—Didheturndown

yourinvitation?—Yes,hehadanimportantmeetingtoattendthatday.(turndown/putaway/lookup/

handin)15.(2019河南許昌一模)Lifeischangingquicklyandmanyoftheoldtraditionsare

dyingout

.(keepingup/fallingdown/dyingout/givingup)16.(2019河南商丘一模)Nickislookingforanotherjobbecausehefeelsthatnoth-

inghedoessatisfies

hisboss.(serves/promises/supports/satisfies)17.(2019河大附中一模)WhenIaskedhimwhyhewaslateforschoolagain,the

boymadeup

anexcuse.(putup/pickedup/tookup/madeup)18.(2019河大附中一模)Theapartmentsinthecitycenterarealwaysexpensive.

Katiecan'tafford

onewithallhermoney.(provide/afford/offer/support)19.(2019河南中原名校中考第一次大聯(lián)考)MyfriendJennyseemstobeableto

read

mymindbecauseshealwaysknowswhatIreallyneed.(look/read/guess/

make)20.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大聯(lián)考)Thetestpaperwasratherdifficult.

Timehadranout

whenheonlyansweredhalfofthequestions.(ranout/putout/

givenout/soldout)21.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大聯(lián)考)—WhendoIgettomeethim?—Tomorrow,ifIcanfix

it.(expect/hold/search/fix)22.(2019河南鄭州二模)Goodnewsnevergoesbeyondthegate,butbadnews

spreads

farandwide.(spreads/supports/affects/causes)23.(2018河南開封一模)Ourschoolbushadtoremain

infrontofthesuper-

marketforhoursbecauseofthebadtraffic.(remind/remain/realize/require)24.(2018河南新鄉(xiāng)一模)—Manyyoungpeopleusuallyoffertheirseatstotheold

onthebus.—That'sgood.Theoldshouldbecaredfor

.(lookedfor/listenedto/depended

on/caredfor)25.(2018河南開封一模)“TheBeltandRoad”willhelptoopenup

markets

forChinaaswellasothercountriesalong.(putup/lookup/takeup/openup)26.(2018河南安陽一模)—Oh,myGod!Ihaveputon

fivepoundsafterthe

SpringFestiva