FoodandCultureDiscoveringUsefulStructuresUnit31.Thechefhadsetupafarm-to-tablerestaurantbeforehisnewcookbookwaspublished.2.ASichuanrestauranthadbeenrecommendedtousbyafriend,andfinally,wefoundit.3.TheyhadfinishedtheirdinnerbythetimeSamjoinedthem.4.Mostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.

5.TheirdinnerhadbeenfinishedbythetimeSamjoinedthem.1．以上句子中紅色部分所用的時(shí)態(tài)都是______________2．句1，3，4中使用的是過去完成時(shí)的_____語態(tài)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是___________。3．句2和句5中使用的是過去完成時(shí)的_____語態(tài)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是____________。過去完成時(shí)主動(dòng)haddone被動(dòng)hadbeendone

ObserveandDiscover

過去完成時(shí)的定義

表示在過去某一時(shí)間或事件之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。

ThePastPerfectTenseThechefhadsetupafarm-to-tablerestaurantbeforehisnewcookbookwaspublished.Themediareportedthatthesecompanieshadtreatedpollutionasahotpotato.動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成事件已經(jīng)存在使用haddone表明該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，通常有一般過去時(shí)的動(dòng)作或者過去的時(shí)間詞作為參照。過去過去的過去現(xiàn)在先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)。Thefilmhadbegunbeforewegottothecinema.hadbegungot

過去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成

過去完成時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：haddone

被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：hadbeendone肯定結(jié)構(gòu)had＋(been)done否定結(jié)構(gòu)had＋not＋(been)done一般疑問結(jié)構(gòu)had＋主語＋(been)

done特殊疑問結(jié)構(gòu)特殊疑問詞＋had＋主語＋(been)

done

過去完成時(shí)的使用

1.Wehadpaintedthehousebeforewemovedin.2.Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo’clocklastnight.3.Theyhadcompletedtheprojectbytheendoflastyear.before(連詞/介詞)+

過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)“在...之前”by+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)“到...為止”bytheendof+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)“到...為止”bythetime+(一般過去時(shí))“到...為止”1.過去完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞：Myfatherasked

meifIhadfinishedreadingthatbook.Theladyshowed

methepicturesshehadpainted.Ibegantheworkafterhehadgone.①用于賓語從句中

主句為過去時(shí)，從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，用過去完成時(shí)。2.過去的時(shí)間有時(shí)由一時(shí)間狀語表示出來，但在更多的情況下時(shí)間都由上下文表示出來。判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是先找出“過去”的參照動(dòng)作。②用于時(shí)間狀語從句中AfterMonicahadsunghersong,shesatdownquietlybesidehermum.Ididn’tstartmyworkuntilhehadalreadygone.WhenIarrivedatthestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.I____________(finish)readingthenovelbynineO'clocklastnight.We_____________(learn)overtwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.They_____________(plant)sixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.They___________(leave)beforewearrivedattheschool.

Breakfast___________________(serve)bythetimeIgotup.Afterhe_____________(finish)hishomework,hewenttobed.Tomrealizedamistake_______________(make)byher.

hadfinishedhadlearnedhadplantedhadlefthadbeenservedhadfinished

Practicehadbeenmade

使用過去完成時(shí)

的特殊情況

1.IhadintendedtovisithimyesterdaybutIwasn’tabletomakeit.2.Hehadwishedtobecomeadoctor,buthestudiedlawatcollege.3.Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.4.Theyhadplannedtoseeusoffattheairport.1.用于think，want，hope，wish，plan，intend等動(dòng)詞表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法、希望、打算或意圖等。

使用過去完成時(shí)的特殊情況

1.Itwasthefirsttimethathehadperformedonsuchabigstage.2.Itwasthemostinspiringperformance(that)Ihadeverwatched.3.Scarcelyhadhearrivedwhenhewentawayagain.4.Hardlyhadwesatdowntosupperwhenthephonerang.5.NosoonerhadIwalkedoutthanIrememberedthatIforgotmybag.2.固定句型：①It/This/Thatwas+the序數(shù)詞+time+that從句（過去完成時(shí)）②“主語＋was/were＋the＋最高級(jí)＋名詞＋定語從句（過去完成時(shí)）

③Hardly/Scarcely...when；Nosooner...than

注意：否定詞置于句首，需要_______________________。

主句用_______________，從句用_______________。部分倒裝一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)

使用過去完成時(shí)的特殊情況

①用于wish后的賓語從句中，表示對(duì)過去未做成的事情的某種感嘆或愿望。IwishI

(be)thereatthattime.

那時(shí)候我要在那兒就好了。（事實(shí)上我不在那兒。）IwishI

(tell)himaboutit.

我要是沒告訴他那事就好了。（事實(shí)上我告訴他了。）hadbeenhadnottold②用于對(duì)過去事實(shí)進(jìn)行虛擬的條件句中。IfI___________,Iwouldn'thavemissedthetrain.

如果我快點(diǎn)的話，我就不會(huì)誤了火車。Ifyou_________

attheparty,youwouldhavemethim.

如果你去了晚會(huì)，你就會(huì)見到他的。3.虛擬語氣：hadhurriedhadbeen1.Itwasthefirsttimeshe_________(leave)hermotherland.2.Itisthefirsttime(that)I_____________(speak)inpublic.3.This___(be)thefirsttimeIhadseenDadsofurious.4.Hardly_____(have)theboyspokenthesewordswhenthewardenhithimontheheadwiththesoupspoon.6.ItwasthebestcoffeeI___________(taste).7.I_____________visitinghimthisweekendbutIwasn’tabletomakeit.8.I_____________toreturnearlybuttheywouldn’tletusgo.hadlefthavespokenwashadtastedhadhadintendedhadthought

Practice

1.Thetickets_______________(sell)outbeforeIcametothecinema.2.Bytheendoflastyear,we_______________(produce)20,000cars.3.Itwasthefirsttime(that)I_____________(speak)inpublic.4.We____________(wish)thatyouwouldbeabletovisitus.5.Hesaidthatgreatchanges__________________(takeplace)inhishometownsince1990.6.Thetrain_________(leave)beforewereachedthestation.7.100tractors__________________(produce)bytheendoflastyear.8.He_____________(intend)tocatchthe8:00bus,butfounditgone.9.ItwasthreeyearssinceJane____________________(appoint)asthedirector.

10.Ididn’twanttoseethemoviebecauseI__________(see)italready.hadbeensoldhadproduced

hadspoken

hadwished

hadtakenplacehadlefthadbeenproducedhadintended

hadbeenappointedhadseen

Practice

1.________________whensheheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.

她剛坐下就聽見有人在敲門2.We_________________________inGuangzhou,butitprovedtobeadream.

我們本來打算在廣州買房，但最后只是一場(chǎng)夢(mèng)。3.Itwasthefirsttimeshe________________________________.

這是她第一次離開她的家鄉(xiāng)。4.Nosooner__________________________________________than

___________________________________.

我剛踏上舞臺(tái)領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)就發(fā)出了雷鳴般的歡呼聲和掌聲。HardlyhadshesathadplannedtobuyahousehadleftherhometownhadIsteppedontothestagetoreceivetheawardthunderouscheersandapplausebrokeout

PracticeCompletethefollowingsentences.1)Carol:_____youever______anyScottishfoodbeforeyourtriptoSt.Andrewslastyear?

Paul:No,notreally.ButI____________abouthaggismanytimesbeforewewentthere.n.羊雜碎肚Carol:Oh…Didyoutryit?Paul:

Oh,yes!Youknowwhat?Wearrivedlateforsupperthatday,andsowejustatewhateverwasleftintheuniversitycanteen.We___________ourmealbeforewelearntwe_____just______haggis!Carol:Mygoodness!Paul:

Well,itwasnotbad.Ihavetosay…

PracticeCompletethetwoconversationswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox(Page29).arrivecanceleatfinishgettastetellHadtastedhadbeentoldhadfinishedhadeaten2)

Carol:WhenIgottotheteahouseyesterday,Ifoundnobodythere._____it______________?

Paul:Oh,I’msosorrythatIforgottotellyou!Theget-togetherwascancelledyesterdaymorningbecauseSally,thehostess,___________intoacaraccident.

Carol:Oh,I’msorrytohearthat.HopeSallyrecoverssoon!Hadbeencancelled