【動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)】一、時態(tài)1.英語的16種時態(tài)（前提：什么是“時態(tài)”？）【加粗的是中考常見的8種時態(tài)】現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般式一般現(xiàn)在時do/does一般過去時did一般將來時willdo過去將來時woulddo進(jìn)行式現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/aredoing過去進(jìn)行時was/weredoing將來進(jìn)行時willbedoing過去將來進(jìn)行時wouldbedoing完成式現(xiàn)在完成時have/hasdone過去完成時haddone將來完成時willhavedone過去將來完成時wouldhavedone完成進(jìn)行式現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時have/hasbeendoing過去完成進(jìn)行時hadbeendoing將來完成進(jìn)行時willhavebeendoing過去將來完成進(jìn)行時wouldhavebeendoing2.中考常見的8種時態(tài)【單選?？嫉?種時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在/一般過去/一般將來/現(xiàn)在完成】由助動詞be構(gòu)成由助動詞do構(gòu)成意義/用法標(biāo)志狀語（句中不一定出現(xiàn)）一般現(xiàn)在時（單三）am/is/areTomishappy.do/doesTomworksathome.經(jīng)常的動作/狀態(tài)/習(xí)慣/能力/客觀事實(shí)；主將從現(xiàn)often/usually/everyday等一般過去時（過去式）was/wereTomwashappy.didTomworkedathome.過去發(fā)生的動作；過去存在的狀態(tài)yesterday/justnow/ago/lastweek/in1985/inthosedays等一般將來時（will+動原）willbeTomwillbehappy.willdoTomwillworkathome.將來發(fā)生的動作；將來存在的狀態(tài)；主將從現(xiàn)tomorrow/nextweek/intwodays等現(xiàn)在完成時（過去分詞）have/hasbeenTomhasbeenhappy.have/hasdoneTomhasworkedathome.過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果；動作過去已開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在且可能繼續(xù)already/yet/sofar/inthepast+一段時間/since/for+一段時間等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時（現(xiàn)在分詞）am/is/arebeingTomisbeinghappy.am/is/aredoingTomisworkingathome.此時此刻正在發(fā)生的動作；現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行著的動作；瞬間動詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行表示將來now/atpresent/atthismoment等過去進(jìn)行時was/werebeingTomwasbeinghappy.was/weredoingTomwasworkingathome.過去某個時刻或某階段正在進(jìn)行的動作atthattime/when/while等過去完成時hadbeenTomhadbeenhappy.haddoneTomhadworkedathome.動作先發(fā)生，表示“過去的過去”；過去某一時間或某一動作之前完成的動作bythetime/bytheend+過去時間點(diǎn)等；賓語從句等復(fù)合句中過去將來時wouldbeTomwouldbehappy.woulddoTomwouldworkathome.過去某一時間看將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)常用在賓語從句中3.主將從現(xiàn)(1)條件狀語從句由if(如果)、aslongas(只要)、unless(除非)引導(dǎo)，主句為一般將來時或表述將來含義，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：Shehadbettertravelwithalocaltourguideifshewantstoknowmoreabouttheculture.(2)時間狀語從句由when(當(dāng)……時候)、assoonas(一……就……)、until(直到)等引導(dǎo)，主句為一般將來時或表述將來含義，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：I’lldiscussthismatterwithyouwhenwemeetnexttime./Wewon’tleaveuntilMaryarrives.4.其他注意項(xiàng)考點(diǎn)知識點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1一般現(xiàn)在時do/does；am/is/are1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語（always,usually,often,sometimes,never,everyday等）連用。3.表示客觀真理、客觀存在或科學(xué)事實(shí)。4.表示格言或警句?？键c(diǎn)2一般過去時did；was/were1.表示過去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束的事件、動作或情況。常和明確的過去時間狀語連用，如：yesterday,lastweek,threedaysago等。2.表示剛剛發(fā)生的事情而沒說明時間。3.可以表示過去的習(xí)慣性動作，句中常帶有everyday,often,usually,always,sometimes

等狀語?？键c(diǎn)3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/aredoing1.表示此刻或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時常和now,look,listen等連用。3.用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來。常用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有g(shù)o,come,leave,stay,start,begin等位移性動詞，表示即將發(fā)生或安排好要做的事情。4.進(jìn)行時態(tài)同always，forever等頻率副詞連用，表示各種感情色彩，如：贊揚(yáng)、抱怨、討厭等。考點(diǎn)4過去進(jìn)行時was/weredoing1.表示過去某時正在發(fā)生的動作。2.表示過去某段時間持續(xù)的動作。3.表示與過去某個動作同時發(fā)生的動作，常見于從句中。4.同always，forever等頻率副詞連用表示各種感情色彩。考點(diǎn)5現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+(not+)過去分詞（1）表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果和影響現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去某個時間曾經(jīng)做過的、發(fā)生過的事情，對目前的某種影響，這時一般不用時間狀語；也可以表示到目前為止沒有發(fā)生或經(jīng)歷的事情。Theticketshavesoldout.（票已售空。）IhavetriedItalianfood.It’sdelicious!（我已經(jīng)嘗過意大利美食了。美味?。。㏒imonhasseentheconcert.Hedoesn’twanttoseeitagain.（西蒙已經(jīng)看過這場演唱會，不想再看了。）IhavenevervisitedSanFranciscointheU.S.A.（我從沒去過美國的舊金山。）（說明過去沒有去過，現(xiàn)在仍沒去過）（2）現(xiàn)在完成時表示開始于過去的動作剛剛結(jié)束時，常和以下狀語連用：just剛剛already已經(jīng)ever曾經(jīng)never從未yet還，迄今（用于否定句）；已經(jīng)（用于疑問句）Ihavejustheardthenewsthatourschoolwillsetupapressclub.（我剛聽到消息說我們學(xué)校要成立一個記者俱樂部。）Theyhavejuststartedtoexploreotherplanets.（他們才剛剛開始探索其他星球。）Thescientistshaven’tdiscoveredanyintelligentlifeonotherplanetyet.（科學(xué)家還沒有在其他星球上發(fā)現(xiàn)智力生命。）（3）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還可能繼續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)，常和表示一段時間的狀語連用。sofar迄今為止lately/recently最近，近來uptonow直到現(xiàn)在since...自從…sincethen自那時起since2daysago從兩天前inthepastfewdays在過去的幾天foralongtime很長一段時間I’veknownGracesincemychildhood.（我從小就認(rèn)識格雷斯。）（表示現(xiàn)在還繼續(xù)往來）Catherinehaslearneddrawingsince2008.（凱瑟琳從2008年起學(xué)的畫畫。）（表示現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)）HehaslivedinBeijingforthirtyyears.（他住在北京30年了。）（表示現(xiàn)在還住在北京）Ihaveknownhimfortenyears.（我認(rèn)識他10年了。）Ihavestayedinthehotelfortwoweekssofar.（迄今為止，我已經(jīng)在這個旅館住了兩周了。）（4）現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去到現(xiàn)在之間曾經(jīng)歷過的事情，常和以下詞語連用：often經(jīng)常never從不ever曾經(jīng)once一次，曾經(jīng)twice兩次since自從before之前threetimes三次Hehasneverbeenillinhislife.（他一生中從未生過病。）IhavebeentotheSummerPalacetwice.（我曾經(jīng)去過頤和園兩次。）WehavevisitedLouvreMuseumbefore.（我們以前曾參觀過盧浮宮。）（5）現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時都表示在過去做的動作，但現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響等；一般過去時則只表示過去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。Heclosedthewindow.（他關(guān)了這扇窗戶。）Hehasclosedthewindow.（他關(guān)上了窗戶。）以上兩句都是敘述了他過去把窗戶關(guān)了這個動作。第一句用的是過去時，只敘述他過去做過的這個動作，這扇窗戶現(xiàn)在也許是關(guān)的，也許是開的。而第二句用現(xiàn)在完成時，就包含了兩個意思：一是他曾經(jīng)關(guān)了這扇窗戶（Heonceclosedthewindow.）；二是強(qiáng)調(diào)動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，即現(xiàn)在這扇窗戶是關(guān)著的（Nowthewindowisclosed.）。（6）have/hasgotA.have/hasgot形式上是現(xiàn)在完成時，實(shí)際上和一般現(xiàn)在時的have/has的意思相同。Haveyougotalight?=Doyouhavealight?（你有打火機(jī)嗎？）Hehasgotaslightheadache.=Hehasaslightheadache.（他有點(diǎn)頭痛。）B.“have/hasgot+不定式”，表示“必須”。I’vegottogo.（我得走了。）Youhavegottouseyourimagination.（你得運(yùn)用自己的想像力。）（7）have/hasbeento與have/hasgoneto（?）RonaldhasbeentoHongKongDisneythemeparktwice.（羅納德去過香港的迪斯尼主題公園兩次。）（表示羅納德以前去過迪斯尼公園，現(xiàn)在在此地）（?）RonaldhasgonetoHongKongDisneythemepark.（羅納德去了香港的迪斯尼主題公園。）（表示羅納德已經(jīng)去了迪斯尼公園，現(xiàn)在不在此地）（×）RonaldhasgonetoHongKongDisneythemeparktwice.（8）短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞，如：comeback/beback;die/bedead;buy/have;borrow/keep;puton/wear;fallbehind/bebehind;goout/beout;open/beopen;finish/beover等。考點(diǎn)6過去完成時had+(not+)過去分詞（1）與already，just，ever，yet等詞連用，表示過去的過去。Roberttoldmehisteamhadalreadywon.（羅伯特告訴我他們隊已經(jīng)贏了。）Iheardthatthepresidenthadjustarrivedhere.（我聽說院長剛剛到達(dá)。）（2）與bythen（截止到那時之前），by9o’clock（直到9點(diǎn)之前），bytheendof...（截止到…末尾），bythetime...（截止到…時，在…之前），uptillthen（直到那時）等連用，表示過去的過去。Bytheendof2007manybuildingshadbeenbuiltinthecity.（截止到2007年年底，這座城市已高樓林立。）BythetimeHenrycameherehehadbeenafamousdoctor.（亨利到這兒之前就已經(jīng)是位名醫(yī)了。）（3）與when，before，after，assoonas，till/until等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間先后。Whenshegothome,herchildrenhadslept.（她到家時孩子們已經(jīng)入睡了。）（孩子們?nèi)胨膭幼髟谇埃郊业膭幼髟诤螅￤henshehadfinishedherjob,shewenttosleep.（當(dāng)她把所有的事情做完之后，她就去睡覺了。）（此時不分主從句，哪個過去的動作在前，該句就用過去完成時）Istoodthereuntiltheplanehaddisappearedinthesky.（我站在那兒直到飛機(jī)在天空中消失。）（4）與狀語從句連用時，如果不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的先后則有時可用一般過去時來表示，尤其是由assoonas，until引導(dǎo)從句時；但若要表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，則用過去完成時。AssoonasIreceivedtheletter,Iwrotetoyou.（我一收到信，馬上就給你回信了。）（兩個動作幾乎同時發(fā)生，用一般過去時即可）Hedidn’tleavehereuntilMaryarrived.（直到瑪麗到了他才離開。）（5）過去完成時可用于賓語從句或間接引語中Ididn’tknowwhathehaddoneitfor.（我以前不知道他究竟為什么這么做。）Iaskedhimhowmanystudentshadattendedthemeeting.（我問他有多少學(xué)生去開會了。）（6）過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的用法基本相同，但現(xiàn)在完成時是以現(xiàn)在的時間為終點(diǎn)；過去完成時則是以過去的時間為終點(diǎn)，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)，即過去的過去。IhaveknownNeilforthreeyears.（我認(rèn)識尼爾三年了。）IhadknownNeilwhenIwasastudent.（當(dāng)我還是個學(xué)生時，就已經(jīng)認(rèn)識尼爾了。）Ihavefinishedmyexperiment.（我已經(jīng)做完實(shí)驗(yàn)了。）（表示現(xiàn)在說話時已經(jīng)做完實(shí)驗(yàn)）Bysixo’clock,Ihadfinishedmyexperiment.（在6點(diǎn)之前，我就已經(jīng)做完實(shí)驗(yàn)了。）（表示在過去的某一時間以前已經(jīng)做完實(shí)驗(yàn)，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)）二、語態(tài)（即主動與被動）被動語態(tài)的不同時態(tài)(1)被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：be+及物動詞過去分詞【使用被動語態(tài)時注意：主語與動詞之間是否構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系】(2)被動語態(tài)時態(tài)：它的時態(tài)變化體現(xiàn)在be動詞上（am/is/are;was/were;willbe/wouldbe;been）中考常見的被動語態(tài)時態(tài)（以單詞plant為例：Weplant/plantedtreesinthepark.）構(gòu)成例句一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/areplantedTreesareplantedinthepark.一般過去時was/wereplantedTreeswereplantedinthepark.一般將來時/過去將來時will/wouldbeplantedTreeswillbeplantedinthepark.現(xiàn)在/過去完成時have/has/hadbeenplantedTreeshadbeenplantedinthepark.現(xiàn)在/過去進(jìn)行時am/is/are/was/werebeingplantedTreesarebeingplantedinthepark.含有情態(tài)動詞can/could/must/should/maybeplantedTreescouldbeplantedinthepark.三、練習(xí)1.—HavescientistsfoundlifeonMars?—Notyet,butIthinkthey________itsomeday.A．find B．found C．havefound D．willfind 2.--Maria,whatdoyouthinkofMountFanjing?--Verycool.I____thereonce.I'dliketogothereagain.A.hasbeen B.havebeen C.havegone D.hasgone 3.—Wouldyouliketogohikingifit________finethisSaturday?—I'dloveto.Butnobodyknowsifit________.A．is;willrain B．is;rains C．willbe;willrain D．willbe;rains 4.—________didtherainstormcome,Mr.Liu?—Whilewe________achemistrylessonyesterdayafternoon.A．When;havehad B．When;werehaving C．While;arehaving D．While;have 5.WhileMikecomputergamesinhisroom,hisdadcamein.A.isplaying B.wasplaying C.willplay D.plays 6.—Peter,haveyoueverbeentotheEnglishCorner?—Oh,yes.Itheretopracticespeakingonceaweeklastterm.A.went B.go C.havegone D.willgo7.Listen!Ourteacher______inthemusicclassroom.

A.singsB.sang C.willsingD.issinging

8.Don'tdrinkcoffeebeforegoingtobed,oryou_________easily.

A.don'tfallasleep B.won'tfallasleep C.didn'tfallasleep D.haven'tfallenasleep9.—Alice,haveyoufinishedlearningthewholebook?—Notyet.Sofar,we__________sixunits.A．learned B．havelearned C．learn D.willlearn 10.—Iaskedhimaquestion,buthedidn'treply.—Maybehe________aboutsomethingelsewhileyouwereasking.A．thought B．thinks C．wasthinking D.wouldthink 11.—Hi,Jill.I________rapidprogressinmymathsinceyousharedyourgoodexperiencewithme.—Great!Congratulations!A．hadmade B．made C．willmake D.havemade 12.--It's20yearssincewecamebacktoLiangshan.--Howtimeflies!We____inourhometownforsuchalongtime.A．work B．worked C．hadworked D．haveworked 13.Ithasbeentwomonthssincemyfather________forItaly.A．wasleft B．left C．leaves D.wouldbeleft14．—Noonecantellwhenthey________.—Whenthey________,I’llletyouknowatonce.A．return;willarrive B．willreturn;reach C．willreturn;arrive D.return;reach 15.Ifyoutakethistrain,you_________inShanghaiinfivehours.A．a(chǎn)rrive B．willarrive C．a(chǎn)rrived D．havearrived 16.—Theairhereismuchfresherthanbefore.—Exactly!Wealotoftreesinthepastfewyears.A．planted B．wereplanting C．haveplanted D．willplant17.Wecan'tleavehereuntilourteacher__________.A．willarrive B．a(chǎn)rrives C．a(chǎn)rrived D.isarriving 18.Bythetimetheteachercame,we__________cleaningtheclassroom.A．finished B．havefinished C．hadfinished D.finish 19.—Whatdoyouusuallydoinyoursparetime?—Ioftengotoourcommunitylibrary.It________fortwoyearsinordertoencourageustoreadmore.A．opens B．hasopened C．hasbeenopened D．hasbeenopen 20.—IsHelenhere?—Notyet,butshe______________inhalfhour.A．a(chǎn)rrives B．willarrive C．a(chǎn)rrived D．hasarrived 21.Inthepast70years,China________historicchangesandmadegreatachievements.A．experienced B．experiences C．hasexperienced D．wouldexperience 22.Sally______________whereshehadleftthecarandthepolicefounditthismorning.A．forgot B．hasforgotten C．forgets D．hadforgotten23.—Tina,isyourfatherateacher?—Yes,heis.He___________Englishfornearly20years.A．isteaching B．teach C．hastaught D.taught24.Sorry,youcan’ttakethedictionaryaway,Vicky.I________it.A．used B．a(chǎn)musing C．haveused D．wasusing 25.—Wow,you’vemadesomuchprogressindrawing.—Thanks.I_______twoonlinecoursesthiswinterholiday.A．took B．willtake C．take D．wastaking 26.—Mum,whereisdad?—He________thesupermarket.A．wasgoingto B．hasgoneto C．hasbeento D．isgoingto 27.—Bequick,Sara!Thetaxiiswaitingforusoutside.—Amoment,please.I________somevisitorsourproducts.A．showed B．a(chǎn)mshowing C．wasshowing D．show 28.NotonlyJimbutalsoLucy____________afewcitiessincetheycametoChina.A．willvisit B．visited C．havevisited D．hasvisited 29.Itdark.ShallIturnonthelight?A．gets B．got C．isgetting D．wasgetting 30.I’msogladthatInearlyhalfofthetestnow.A．finish B．finished C．willfinish D．havefinished 31.—Hello,John.ThisisMike.Whatareyoudoingnow?—I'mwatchingafilmonTV.It____________at7:30andwillbeonforanotherhour.A．starts B．started C．hasstarted D.willstart32.—Jenny,doyouknowifyourmother_______backtomorrow?—Sorry,Idon’tknow.Assoonasshe_________home,Iwilltellhertocallyou.A．comes;gets B．willcome;getsto C．willcome;willget D．willcome;gets 33.—Thenewshirtlooksgoodonyou.Whendidyoubuyit?—OnJuly7th.I________itforaweek.A．havebought B．havehad C．bought D．buy 34.Idon’tknowthewordstoalotofsongs,butIdoknowsomefolksongsthatmygrandma______meatanearlyage.A．teaches B．taught C．willteach D．hastaught 35.—ProjectHopecelebratedits30birthdayin2019.—Yeah.Childrenfrompoorfamiliesthechancetogotoschoolsince1989.A．offered B．hasoffered C．wasoffered D．hasbeenoffered 36.—HowaboutthethirdseasonofdocumentaryAerialChina?—Great.I______ittwice.A．watched B．watch C．willwatch D．havewatched 37.—Hi,Daniel.Youdidn'tattendthechessclasslastnight.—Oh,I___________myson'smodelplane.A．a(chǎn)mrepairing B．repaired C．haverepaired D．wasrepairing 38.Everyyearthousandsoftourists________themountainareatorelaxthemselves.A．visited B．werevisiting C．visit D．havevisited 39.—Yourhometownisfamousfortea,right?—Yes.Nowteaplants________onmostmountainshere.A．willgrow B．a(chǎn)regrown C．weregrown D.havegrown40.Iwantamobilephonewhich________goodpictures.A．took B．istaking C．takes D．havetaken 41.Cornproduction______nearly125percentoverthepast25yearsinChina.A．jumped B．jumps C．willjump D．hasjumped42.Ihearthatitoften________inSichuanandthereareusuallyfloods,especiallyinsummer.A．rains B．rained C．willrain D.hasrained 43.—IsLiMeiateacher?—Yes,sheis.She______atavillageschool.A．teaches B．isteaching C．taught D．willteach 44.Someprimaryandsecondaryschools________wintersportstotheircoursessinceBeijingwontherightt