PeriodThreeGrammar—Nounclause：predicativeclause

語法導學感悟規(guī)律重點難點剖析

r語法感知

感知以下課文原句，補全方框下的小題

1.Onetheoiywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.

2.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.

3.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdelivered

toherhouseeveryday.

4.ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.

以上4個句子中的黑體部分都是從句，這些從句在詞性上相當于?個名詞,故被稱作名詞性

從句，而且從句作表語,所以又被稱作表語從句。

r語法精析

一、名詞性從句

i.概念：在主從復合句中，相當于名詞的從句被稱為名詞性從句。

2.分類：名詞性從句包括：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

3.連接詞

項目連接詞意義在句中的功能

that無意義不充當成分

連詞

whether是否不充當成分

who(ever)（無論）誰主、賓、表

連接whose誰的定

代詞what(ever)（無論）什么主、賓、表、定

wliicli(cvcr)（無論）哪個主、賓、定

when(ever)（無論）何時時間狀語

連接where(ver)（無論）何地地點狀語

副詞how(ever)（無論）怎么方式狀語

why為什么原因狀語

4.注意事項

(1)名詞性從句要用陳述語序；

⑵主從句的時態(tài)要基本呼應，有時需用虛擬語氣；

(3)注意某些連接詞的特殊，書法(見后)。

二、表語從句

1.概念：在主從復合句中充當表語的從句，叫作表語從句。它常位于系動詞之后，用來說明

主語是什么或怎么樣。

2.連接詞的用法

(1)that引導的表語從句

用法：①無意義②不充當成分③不可省略

Thetroubleisthatshehaslosthisaddress.

麻煩的是她弄丟了他的地址。

Mysuggestionisthatweshouldtellhim.

我的建議是我們應該告訴他。

⑵whether引導的表語從句

Thequestionremainswhether(heywillbeabletohelpus.問題還是他們能否幫我們。

［名師點津］if不能引導表語從句。

⑶連接代詞和連接副詞引導的表語從句

Theproblemishowwccanfindhim.

問題是我們?nèi)绾握业剿?/p>

Heisnolongerwhathewas.

他已經(jīng)不再是以前的他了。

That'swhereyouarcwrong.

那就是你不對的地方。

(4)because,asif/asthough等引導的表語從句

Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.

聽起來好像有人在敲門。

That'sbecauseyoucan'tappreciatemusic.

那是因為你不會欣賞音樂。

3.注意事項

(1)why和because引導的表語從句的區(qū)別

That'swhy...意為“那是……的原因”，強調(diào)結(jié)果

That'sbecause...意為“那是因為……”,強調(diào)原因

Idicin'tphoneher,andthat'swhyshegoiangrywithme.（強調(diào)"沒打電話”這一結(jié)果）

我沒有給她打電話。那就是她對我生氣的原因。

Ididn'tphoneher,andthatrsbecauseIgotangrywithh工(強調(diào)“生氣”這一原因)

我沒有給她打電話。那是因為我生她的氣了。

(2)表語從句中的虛擬語氣

在表語從句中，表示間接的命令、要求、請求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語通常是：advice,

suggestion,proposal,request,order,idea等，從句謂語形式是“should+動詞原形"(should

可以省略，但不可換成would)。

Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomoirow.我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。

達標檢測當堂檢測基礎達標演練

---------------------------------------、-------

I.補全句子

1.ThefactwasIhalhedidn'lreallytry.

事實是他沒有做真正的努力。

2.Thequestioniswhethei?由cfilmisworthseeing.

問題是這部電影是否值得看。

3.Nowi(seemsasihough/ifshehasknownMillieforyears.

現(xiàn)在看起來好像她認識米莉已有好多年了。

4.Myadviceisthatyou(should)practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.

我的建議是你盡可能經(jīng)常地練習說英語。

5.That'swhereIfirstmether.

那就是我第一次遇見她的地方。

6.Theproblemiswhoisreallyfhforthehardjob.

問題是誰才真正適合做這份艱苦的工作。

7.ThatiswhyIwantyoutoworkhere.

那就是我想讓你在這兒T作的原因。

8.Iwaslateforschoolthismorning.Thal'sbecauseIstayedUDloolaielastnight.

今天早上我上學遲到了。那是因為我昨晚睡得太晚了。

H.語法填空(用適當?shù)倪B接詞填空)

Everyoneknew9.thatWendywasafamouswriter,butnooneknew10.whereshecamefrom

and11.whethershewasbornin1961wasstillamystery.12.Whattheydidknowwas13.thatshe

waslovedbypoorpeoplebecauseshealwayshelped14.whoeverwasinneedofmoney.Wendywas

generousandhelpful,butsomepeoplethoughtshewaschasingfame.Wendysaidshedidn,t

understand15.whytheyweresonarrow-minded,butitdidn'tmatter16.whatothersthoughtof

her.Shejustwantedtodo17.what(cvcr)shethoughtwasright.Shethoughtthatwas18.wherethe

meaningoflifelied.

課時跟蹤練強化訓練限時蚊范答霆________________

【基礎鞏固】

I.選用適當?shù)倪B接詞填空

that；why；whether；wh&t；asif；whatever；because；when；how

1.Youmustdowhateverisbestforyou.

2.ThetroubleisthatIlostthekeytomyroom.

3.Iamnotsurewhetherheiswillingtohelpme.

4.rmabitsleepy,it'sbecauseIwasupallnight.

5.Doyourememberwhen/how/whyhecamehere?

6.I'mwonderingwhyyouarealwayslateforclass.

7.Wethinkthatit'snecessarytotalkwithhimagain.

8.Thequestiondiscussedatthemeetingwaswhetheritwasworthtrying.

9.Allthiswasovertwentyyearsago,butitisasifitwereonlyyesterday.

10.Myparentsareveiykindtomeandalwaysletmedowhat/whateverIthinkIshoulddo.

n.完成句子

11.That'swhy]Ihink（出就是我認為...的原因）（hetripalongtheYangtzeRiverwillbea

betterchoice.

12.Andyoualsoshouldkeepitinmindthatexchangingncleswithycurclassmatesfrcqucnllyisa

goodwayloimproveyoursiudy（和同學經(jīng)常交流筆記是提島學習的好方法）.

13.Alltheparticipantscangetwhattheywant（他們想要的東西）.

14.InsuchacaseIwillinsistonwhateverIthinkisright（我認為正確的任何事情）.

15.Topracticeasmuchaspossibleiswherethesecreilies（秘密所在）.

16.Youneedtohandinareport,explaininghowth。ideaoccuiredtoyou（你怎樣想到的這個主

意）andwhatmaterialsyouused.

17.1'mwonderingwhelher/ifyouwouldhkelospendthistimewithus（你是否愿意和我們度過

這段時光）.

【能力提升1

HL閱讀理解

A

Peoplehavebeenwonderingwhyelephantsdonotdevelopcancereventhoughtheyhave

lifespans（壽命）thataresimilartohumans,livingforarounc50to70years.

Nowscientistsbelieve:heyknowwhy.AteamattheUniversityofChicago,UShasfoundthat

elephantscarryalargenumberofgenesthatstoptumors（腫瘤）developing.Tobeprecise,they

found20copiesofananti-tumorgenecalledTP53inelephants.Mostotherspecies,including

humans>onlycarryonecopy.

Accordingtotheresearch,theextracopiesofthegeneimproved（heanimal'ssensitivityto

DNAdamage,whichletsthecellsquicklykillthemselveswhendamagedbeforetheycangoonto

formdeadlytumors.

“Anincreasedriskofdevelopingcancerhasstoodinthewayoftheevolutionoflargebody

sizesinmanyanimals,"thestudyauthorDrVincentLynchtoldTheGuardianAieverylivingcell

hasthesamechanceofbecomingcancerous（癌變的），largecreatureswithalonglifespanlike

whalesandelephantsshouldhaveagreaterriskofdevelopingcancerthanhumansandmice.But

acrossspecies,theriskofcancerdocsnotshowaconnectionwithbodymass.

ThisphenomenonwasfoundbyOxfordUniversityscientistRichardPetointhe1970sand

laternamed"Peto'sparadox（悖論）”.Biologistsbelieveitresultsfromlargeranimalsusing

protectionthatmanysmalleranimalsdonot.Intheelephant*scase,themakingofTP53is

nature'swayofkeepingthisspeciesalive.

Thestudyalsofoundthatwhenthesamegeneswerebroughttolifeinmice,theyhadthesame

cancerresistanceaselephaiits.Thismeansresearcherscouldusethediscoverytodevelopnew

treatmentsthatcanhelpstopcancersspreadingorevendevelopinginthefirstplace.

“Naturehasalreadyfiguredouthowtopreventcancer,saidJoshuaSchiffinan,abiologist

attheSchoolofMedicine,UniversityofUtah,US."Il'suptoustolearnhowdifferentanimals

dealwiththeproblemsothatwecanusethosestrategiestopreventcancerinpeople.v

語篇解讀科學家研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大象不患癌癥是因為它們的體內(nèi)有很多阻止腫瘤生長的基因

TP53,人們有望通過制造TP53預防癌癥。

18.Whyareelephantsunlikelytodevelopcancer?

A.Theyhavearatherlargebodysize.

B.TheirgenessuffernoDNAdamage.

C.Certaingenesintheirh（?（iykillexistingtumors.

D.Theycarrymanygenestopreventtumorsdeveloping.

答案D

解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后兩句"Tobeprecise,theyfound20copiesofan

anti-tumorgenecalledTP53inelcphants.Mostotherspecies,includinghumans,onlycarryone

copy."可知，大象攜帶的抗癌基因比其他物種多。故選D。

19.Accordingtothepassage,whathasbeenariskintheevolutionoflargeanimals?

A.Deadlytumors.

B.Thehugebodymass.

C.Cellskillingthemselves.

D.SensitivitytoDNAdamage.

答案A

解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句可知，腫瘤是大體積動物進化過程的極大威脅。

故選A。

20.Whaldoestheunderlinsdpart“Thisphenomenon“inParagraph5probablyreferto?

A.LargeranimalshaveprctectionfromTP53.

B.Theriskofcancerisnotrelatedtobodysize.

C.Largeranimalssufferthesameriskofcancerassmallerones.

D.Thelargeranimalsare,thebiggerriskofcancertheywillhave.

答案B

解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第四段最后一句"Butacrossspecies,【heriskofcancerdoesnot

showaconnectionwithbodymass.M可知Thisphenomenon指代物種癌癥的概率和他們的體型

大小沒有關系，所以選B。

21.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?

A.Dependingonnatureissurelyenoughtotightagainstcancer.

B.TheTP53geneshaveprovedusefulinstoppingcancerinpeople.

C.HumansarcexpectedtopreventcancerwiththemakingofTP53.

D.Theextracopiesofelephants,genesareusedtocurecancerpatients.

答案C

解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句"It'suptoustolearnhowdifferentanimalsdealwith

theproblemsothatwccanusethosestrategicstopreventcancerinpeople.M并結(jié)合上文陳述的

大象身上發(fā)現(xiàn)阻止腫瘤生長的基因TP53可以判斷，人們有望通過制造TP53預防癌癥。故選

Co

B

Japan'sbiggestairlineisbettingthatthefutureoftravelisn'ttravelingatall.Forthelast

month,amarriedcouplehasbeeninteractingwitharobot-calledanAvatar-that'scontrolledby

theirdaughterhundredsofmilesaway.MadebyANAHoldingsInc.itlookslikeacleanerwithan

iPadattached.Butthescreendisplaysthedaughter'sfaceastheychat,anditswheelslethermove

slowlyaboutthehouseasthoughshe'sreallythere.

uVirtualtravelnisnothingnew,ofcourse.Slorytellers,travelwritersandartistshave

stimulating（刺激）thesenseofarmchairtouristsforcenturies.ltJsonlyinrecentdecadesthat

frequent,safetravelhasbecomeavailabletothenon-wealthy.

Yetevenastheworld'smiddleclassesclimboutofthearmchairandintoeconomy-class

seats,therearesignsofapost-travelsocietycomingintobeing.Concernsaboutsustainability（可持

續(xù)發(fā)展）arehavingannegativeinfluenceoncarbon-intensiveairlines.Andtheagingofwealthy

societiesisbothslowingdownphysicaltravelandcreatingdemandforvariouswaystoexperience

theworld.Forthetravelindustry,virtual（虛擬的）realityoffersanattractiveresponsetothesetrend.

Ofcourse,far-oultechnologiesencouragefar-outclaims.ANAdoesn*tplantostartselling

Avatarsuntilnextyear.Profits>too,willprobablybedifficulttoachieve：accordingtoone

investigation,theglobalmarketfbrthiskindoftechnologywillbeworthonlyabout$300million

by2023.Bycontrast.ANA'straditionaltravelbusinessbroughtinmorethan$19billionIasiyear.

Butif（hebusinesscaseforvirtualvacationsisstillweak,themarketfbrtechnologiesthat

bridgephysicaldistancesbetweenfamiliesandcoworkersseemslikelytosoyexpand.ANA's

robotsmaynotreplaceitsairplanesanytimesoon,butthey'Ilalmostcertainlybeapartof

travel'shigh-lechfuture.

語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了日本最大的航空公司目前正右致力于開發(fā)虛擬旅行

技術。有跡象表明，一個后旅游時代正在形成，這是對富裕社會的老齡化趨勢的一個有吸引

力的回應。但是虛擬旅行的全球市場還很難預測，作者對此持樂觀態(tài)度。

22.“Avatar”ismentionedinParagraph1to.

A.displayhowpeopletravslwiththerobot“Avatar”

B.introduceanewserviceofferedbyJapan'sbiggestairline

C.leadinthetopicofvirtualtravelbyprovidinga|vivid|scene

D.describewhattherobotuAvatar"lookslikeandhowilworks

答案C

解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句"'Virtualtravel'isnothingnew,ofcourse.n可知，

在第一段中提到“Avatars”,是為了通過提供一個生動的場景來引入虛擬旅行的話題。故選

Co

23.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3thatpeople?schoiceofvirtualtravelmaybetheresult

of.

A.thedemandforsafetravel

B.wealthypeople'sgrowingold

C.worriesaboutlow-carbcnairlines

D.thesupportofadvancedtechnologies

答案B

解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Andtheagingofwealthysocietiesisbothslowingdown

physicaltravelandcreatingdemandforvariouswaystoexperiencetheworld.Forthetravel

industry,virtualrealityoffersanattractiveresponsetothesetrend.M可知，人們選擇虛擬旅行可

能是富人變老的結(jié)果。故選B。

24.Bysaying**far-outtechnologiesencouragefar-outclaims,thewritermeans.

A.traditionaltravelbusinessisnotprofitable

B.globalmarketforvirtualtravelsishardtopredict

C.thetimeisripeforsellingAvatarsintermoftechnology

D.virtualtravelswilltaketheplaceoftraditionalonesverysoon

答案B

解析詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，作者說這句話的意思是虛擬旅行的全球市場很難

預測。故選B。

25.What,sthewriter*sattitudetovirtualtechnology?

A.Uncertain.B.Cautious.

C.Enthusiastic.D.Optimistic.

答案D

解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"ANAsrobotsmaynotreplaceitsairplanesanytime

soon,butthey，IIalmostcertainlybeapartoftravel'shigh-techfuture.”可知，作者對虛擬技

術持樂觀態(tài)度。故選D。

M七選五

Ourmindisapowerfulthing,whichcaneitherimproveorcrushourmood.Manyofushave

problemswithnegativethoughtsplayingonthechannelofourminds,butifyou'reengaginginit

constantly,andyoubelieveit,itcouldbedestroyingyoursenseofsclf-cstccm.26

Whalcanyoudo?Herearesomesuggestions：

Liveinthemoment

Self-talkissosubtlethatweoftendon'tnoticeitseffectonourmoodandbeliefsystem.Key

thingstonoticeare“ifonlynor“whatif”statements:theformerkeepyoustuckinthepast

withregret,whilethelatterkeepyoufearfulofthefuture.27Sostayinthepresentmoment.

Visualizethegoodthings

Ifwewanttochangethenegativetapesplayinginourheads,wehavetovisualizeourselves

positively—thatmeansseeingyourselfnon-judgmentally.Howwouldthatlook?Drawapicturein

yourmindandexpandonit.

28

Whateveryoubelieve,you'IIexperiencemore?andyou*11alsofindyourselfbehavingin

waysthatarecongruent（--致的）withyourbeliefs.Sostartbelievingthebestaboutyourself:actas

ifyoubelievethatyou'ieavaluableandworthyperson.

Developpositivethoughts

29Whatareyourstrengths?Whatareyougoodat?Keepyourthoughtsinthe

here-and-now.Insteadofsaying'Tmnotgoodenough,r,trysaying“Iamcapable.Iaccept