Tunnelconstruction

隧道施工

項(xiàng)目六支護(hù)施工Project6Supportconstruction任務(wù)三超前支護(hù)Task3AdvanceSupport——管棚施工Pipeshedconstruction學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)Learningobjectives2知識(shí)目標(biāo)Knowledgeobjectives能力目標(biāo)Competencyobjectives通過(guò)本任務(wù)的學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生應(yīng)了解不同類型管棚的施工工藝流程;掌握管棚施工質(zhì)量控制要點(diǎn)。Throughthestudyofthistask,studentsshouldunderstandtheconstructionprocessofdifferenttypesofpipesheds;Masterthekeypointsofqualitycontrolofpipeshedconstruction.通過(guò)本任務(wù)的學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生應(yīng)能夠具備組織管棚施工和實(shí)施管棚質(zhì)量控制的能力。Throughthestudyofthistask,studentsshouldbeabletoorganizetheconstructionofthepipeshedandimplementthequalitycontrolofthepipeshed.管棚的概念Theconceptofapipeshed利用鋼拱架，沿著開(kāi)挖輪廓線以較小的外插角，向開(kāi)挖面前方打入鋼管，構(gòu)成棚架，形成對(duì)開(kāi)挖面前方的預(yù)支護(hù)。Usingthesteelarchframe,alongtheexcavationcontourlinewithasmallerinsertionangle,thesteelpipeispunchedintothefrontoftheexcavation,formingatrellis,formingapre-supportforthefrontoftheexcavation.鋼拱架——環(huán)向支撐Steelarch–ringsupport鋼管——縱向支撐Steelpipe–longitudinalsupport管棚施工工藝流程Pipeshedconstructionprocess開(kāi)挖作業(yè)平臺(tái)Excavationworkplatform測(cè)量放樣Measurelofting施做導(dǎo)向墻、安導(dǎo)向管Makeaguidewallandananchorpipe鉆孔drill安裝管棚鋼管Installpipeshedsteelpipes注漿Grouting鋼管制作Steelpipeproduction注漿泵Groutingpump進(jìn)洞開(kāi)挖、支護(hù)Diggingandsupportingthehole施工工藝流程Constructionprocess首先，在開(kāi)挖輪廓線以外施作混凝土套拱作為長(zhǎng)管棚導(dǎo)向墻。First,concretearcheswereappliedoutsidetheexcavationcontourlineasaguidingwallforthelongpipeshed.澆注前，應(yīng)在套拱內(nèi)按設(shè)計(jì)仰角安設(shè)孔口管起導(dǎo)向、固定作用。Beforepouring,theorificepipeshouldbeinstalledinthesheatharchaccordingtothedesignelevationangletoplayaguidingandfixingrole.孔口管的直徑應(yīng)大于長(zhǎng)管棚直徑。導(dǎo)向管由定位筋焊接固定在鋼拱架上。Thediameteroftheorificepipeshouldbegreaterthanthediameterofthelongpipeshed.Theguidepipeisweldedbyalocatorribandfixedtothesteelarchframe.施工工藝流程Constructionprocess(2)鉆機(jī)就位Therigisinplace鉆機(jī)就位處的土層應(yīng)進(jìn)行夯實(shí)，確保在鉆進(jìn)過(guò)程中，鉆機(jī)不發(fā)生傾斜或滑動(dòng)。Thesoillayerwheretherigislocatedshouldbecompactedtoensurethattherigdoesnottiltorslideduringthedrillingprocess.鉆機(jī)的底坐應(yīng)用水平尺或水準(zhǔn)儀將其調(diào)平。鉆臂的仰角與設(shè)計(jì)仰角相同。Thebottomseatoftherigisleveledwitharulerorlevel.Theelevationangleofthedrillarmisthesameasthedesignelevationangle.施工工藝流程Constructionprocess(3)鉆進(jìn)Drilling①施鉆時(shí)，鉆機(jī)大臂必須頂緊在掌子面上，以防止過(guò)大顫動(dòng)，提高施鉆精度。Whenapplyingdrilling,thelargearmofthedrillingrigmustbepressedagainstthepalmsurfacetopreventexcessivetremorandimprovetheaccuracyofdrilling.②鉆機(jī)開(kāi)孔時(shí)鉆速宜低，鉆深20cm后轉(zhuǎn)入正常鉆速。Thedrillingspeedshouldbelowwhenthedrillingrigisopened,andthedrillingdepthis20cmandthenturnsintothenormaldrillingspeed.施工工藝流程Constructionprocess(3)鉆進(jìn)Drilling③換鉆桿時(shí)，要注意檢查鉆桿是否彎曲，有無(wú)損傷，中心水孔是否暢通等，不符合要求的應(yīng)更換以確保正常作業(yè)。Whenchangingthedrillpipe,itisnecessarytopayattentiontocheckwhetherthedrillpipeisbent,whetherthereisdamage,whetherthecentralwaterholeisunobstructed,etc.,andthosethatdonotmeettherequirementsshouldbereplacedtoensurenormaloperation.④由于軟弱圍巖的厚度，無(wú)法準(zhǔn)確的判定，有時(shí)達(dá)到了設(shè)計(jì)深度，可巖質(zhì)仍然比較差。因此，在鉆進(jìn)過(guò)程中應(yīng)注意對(duì)石粉的收集分析，根據(jù)鉆進(jìn)深度對(duì)石粉取樣，作好記錄。Duetothethicknessoftheweaksurroundingrock,itisimpossibletoaccuratelydetermine,andsometimesthedesigndepthisreached,buttherockqualityisstillrelativelypoor.Therefore,intheprocessofdrilling,attentionshouldbepaidtothecollectionandanalysisofstonepowder,andthestonepowdershouldbesampledaccordingtothedepthofdrillingandrecorded.施工工藝流程Constructionprocess(4)注漿Grouting(1)注漿順序Groutingsequence管棚注漿順序遵循“先兩側(cè)后中間、由稀到濃”的原則。注漿施工由兩端開(kāi)始施工，向隧道拱頂方向推進(jìn)（二維動(dòng)畫(huà)，在圖中展示從兩邊到中間的注漿順序），開(kāi)始時(shí)注漿的漿液濃度要低一些，逐漸加濃至設(shè)計(jì)濃度。Thegroutingsequenceofthepipeshedfollowstheprincipleof"firsttwosidesandthenmiddle,fromthintothick".Groutingconstructionbeginsatbothendsandadvancestowardsthetunnelvault(2Danimationshowingthegroutingsequencefrombothsidestothemiddle)atthebeginning,startingwithalowerconcentrationofgroutingandgraduallythickeningtothedesignconcentration.管棚施工質(zhì)量控制要點(diǎn)Keypointsofqualitycontrolofpipeshedconstruction鋼架應(yīng)安裝穩(wěn)固；Thesteelframeshouldbeinstalledandstable;鋼管應(yīng)從工字鋼腹板圓孔穿過(guò)或穿過(guò)花鋼拱架；ThesteelpipeshouldpassthroughtheroundholeoftheI-beamweborthroughtheflowersteelarch;鉆孔方向應(yīng)用側(cè)斜儀檢查控制，鋼管不得侵入開(kāi)挖輪廓線；Thedirectionofthedrillingshouldbecontrolledbythesideinclinometer,andthesteelpipeshallnotinvadetheexcavationcontourline第一節(jié)鋼管前端要加工成尖錐狀，以利于導(dǎo)向插入；Thefrontendofthefirstsectionofsteelpipeshouldbeprocessedintoapointedconetofacilitateguidedinsertion管棚施工質(zhì)量控制要點(diǎn)Keypointsofqualitycontrolofpipeshedconstruction長(zhǎng)鋼管應(yīng)用3m~6m的管節(jié)逐段接長(zhǎng)，鋼管接頭應(yīng)縱向錯(cuò)開(kāi)；Longsteelpipesshouldbeconnectedsectionbysectionwith3m~6mpipejoints,andsteelpipejointsshouldbestaggeredlongitudinally;當(dāng)需增加管棚剛度時(shí)，可在安裝好的鋼管內(nèi)注入水泥砂漿；Whenitisnecessarytoincreasethestiffnessofthepipeshed,thecementmortarcanbeinjectedintotheinstalledsteelpipe;水泥砂漿應(yīng)用牛角泵或其它能滿足要求的設(shè)備灌注；Cementmortarapplicationhornpumporotherequipmentthatcanmeetthereq