UNIT9HUMANBIOLOGYLESSON2BRAINPOWERLEARNINGOBJECTIVESTolistenandtalkabouthumanbrainandbrainpower;Tolistenforgeneralunderstanding;Tolistenforspecificinformationanddeepunderstanding;Torecallinformationpreviouslyheard;Tounderstandandlearnwordsandexpressionsincontext;Tocomparepersonalopinionswiththeideasofothers;Todiscussexpressionsthataskforandgiveadvice.KEYPOINTSANDDIFFICULTPOINTSTounderstandanddiscusshumanbrainandbrainpower;Toanswerthecomprehensionquestions;Tolistenforgeneralideaofthetext;Torecallkeyinformationafterlistening;Toexpresspersonalopinionsandexchangeideaswithothers;Tounderstandandlearnexpressionsthataskforandgiveadvice.LEADINGINHowmuchdoyouknowaboutthebrainACTIVATEANDSHAREMatchthewordsfromtheboxwiththeirdefinitions.atomnervebillioncellorgan()1.onethousandmillion()2.apartofthebodythathasaparticularpurpose,e.g.theheart()3.thesmallestpieceofsomethingthatcanexistalone()4.atinypartofthebodythathelpscarrymessagestoandfromthebrain()5.aunitoflivingmatterbillionorganatomnervecellLISTENFORUNDERSTANDINGBeforelisteningtoalectureaboutthebrain,readthestatementsandwriteT(true)orF(false).()1.Thebrainconsistsofonlywhitematter.()2.Thebrainweighsjustoverakilo.()3.Thebraincontainsaboutonebillioncells.()4.Thebrainuses10%ofthebody’senergy.()5.Thebrainsendsmessagesinthesamewayasacomputerworks.()6.Therearemorepossibleconnectionsinyourbrainthanthereareatomsintheuniverse.FTFFTTLISTENFORUNDERSTANDINGListentothelectureandcheckyouranswerstoActivityandcorrectthefalseones.1.Thebrainconsistsofgreyandwhitematter.3.Thebraincontainsoveronehundredbillioncells.4.Thebrainuses20%ofthebody'senergy.LISTENFORUNDERSTANDINGListenagain.Completetheinformationyouhearaboutthebrain.Thentellyourpartnerwhatyouhavelearntaboutthebrain.Whatmatterdoesitconsistof?GreyandwhitematterHowmuchdoesitweigh?Howmuchbody’senergydoesituse?Howmanycellsdoesitcontain?justoverakilo20%overonehundredbillioncellsLISTENFORUNDERSTANDINGListenagain.Completetheinformationyouhearaboutthebrain.Thentellyourpartnerwhatyouhavelearntaboutthebrain.Howaremessagessent?Thebraincellsmakeup_________________,whichareconnectedby____________________.Thebrainsendsmessagesusing______________________.nervecellselectricalimpulseselectricalimpulsesLISTENFORUNDERSTANDINGListenagain.Completetheinformationyouhearaboutthebrain.Thentellyourpartnerwhatyouhavelearntaboutthebrain.Whathavewelearntaboutthebraininthelasttenyears?Therearedifferentareasinthebrain,whichare____________________________________.Wenowknowwhichpartsofthebrain________________differentpartsofour___________________fromthem.Thebrainalsohasdifferentareasfordifferentkindsof__________.Youhaveoneareaforyour_________________andanotherareafor_________________________________________________________.responsiblefordifferentfunctionsarerelatedtobodyandfeelingsthinkingfirstlanguageaforeignlanguagethatyoulearnwhenyouareolderTAPESCRIPTSRight,thetopicoftoday’slectureis“TheBrain”.Well,thebrainisanabsolutelyamazingorgan.Itconsistsofgreyandwhitematter.Itweighsjustoverakilo—justimaginethat,likeakiloofpotatoes.Butthisisaveryspecialkilo.Itusestwentypercentofthebody’senergyanditcontainsoveronehundredbillioncells.Onehundredbillioncells!Thesemakeupnervecells,whichareconnectedbyelectricalimpulses.Thebrainsendsmessagesusingelectricalimpulses,thesamewayasacomputerworks.ButtherearemorepossibleconnectionsTAPESCRIPTSinonebrainthanthereareatomsintheuniverse.Justthinkaboutthatagain.Therearemorepossibleconnectionsinyourbrainthanthereareatomsintheuniverse.Amazing,isn’titMakesanormalcomputerlooksimple,doesn’titSo,whatdoweknowaboutthisorgancalled“thebrain”Scientistswhostudythebrainhavelearntalotaboutitinthelasttenyears.Likeexplorersexploringtheworld,they’vefoundthattherearedifferentareasinthebrainandtheseareasareresponsiblefordifferentfunctions.WenowknowwhichpartsofthebrainarerelatedtodifferentpartsTAPESCRIPTSAgoodexampleofthiscanbeseeninpeoplewhohavelostanarmoraleginanaccident.Thoughtheydon’thaveanarmoraleg,theycanstillhavefeelingsfromit,likepain.Incredible,isn’titYoualsohavedifferentareasfordifferentkindsofthinking.Forexample,youhaveoneareaforyourfirstlanguageandanotherareaforaforeignlanguagethatyoulearnwhenyouareolder.Interesting,isn’tit...Butevenmoreinterestingthanlocatingdifferentareasofthebrainis...LISTENFORUNDERSTANDINGCompletethesummarywiththewordsfromthelecture.Thebrainconsistsof1._____________________matter.Itweighs2._____________________.Ituses3.______________ofthebody’senergy.Itcontainsover4.____________________________whichmakeupnervecells.Thesenervecellsareconnectedbyelectricalimpulses.Therearemorepossibleconnectionsinonebrainthangreyandwhitejustoverakilo20%onehundredbillioncellsLISTENFORUNDERSTANDINGCompletethesummarywiththewordsfromthelecture.thereare5._________________________.Scientistshavemappeddifferentareasofthebrainthatareresponsiblefor6._______________________.Therearealsodifferentareasfordifferenttypesofthinking,suchaslearningyourownlanguageandlearninga7.______________language.atomsintheuniversedifferentfunctionsforeignFOCUSONFUNCTION:

ASKINGFORANDGIVINGADVICEListentoastudentphone-inprogrammeandcompletethetable.Whatproblemdotheyhave?Whatcantheydo?Anna:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Memoryisn’tasgoodasitusedtobe,sodobrainexercisesreallyworkchallengetheirbrainwithlearningnewthingstheyarenotgoodatFOCUSONFUNCTION:

ASKINGFORANDGIVINGADVICEListentoastudentphone-inprogrammeandcompletethetable.Whatproblemdotheyhave?Whatcantheydo?John:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________onjunkfood,_____________________ofOmega-3fatsExamsiscomingup,sohewondersiftherearecertainfoodsthataregoodforthebrain.cutdownincreasetheintakeFOCUSONFUNCTION:

ASKINGFORANDGIVINGADVICEListentoastudentphone-inprogrammeandcompletethetable.Whatproblemdotheyhave?Whatcantheydo?Bella:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Isthereanyparticularkindofexercisethatcanimprovethehealthofherbraindoexercisethatisgoodfortheheart,suchaswalkingandrunningFOCUSONFUNCTION:AGREEINGANDDISAGREEINGListenandimitate.CompletetheTalkBuilder.AskingforandGivingAdviceAskingforAdvice1._________________trythem2.______________________,ProfessorKim3.Sowhatkindofactivities_____________________4.Isthereanyparticularkindofexercise…_____________________ShouldIWhat’syouradviceWhatshouldIdodoyousuggestFOCUSONFUNCTION:AGREEINGANDDISAGREEINGListenandimitate.CompletetheTalkBuilder.AskingforandGivingAdviceGivingAdvice1._________________________trylearninganewlanguage…2._________________________istocutdownonjunkfood.3.______________________________increaseyourintakeof…4._________________________doexercisethatisgoodforyourheart.YoucouldOnethingyoucandoItmightalsobeagoodideatoIadviseyoutoFOCUSONFUNCTION:AGREEINGANDDISAGREEINGAskingforAdviceCouldIaskforyour/someadviceon/about...WhatdoyouthinkIshoulddoWhatwouldyoudointhissituationCanyougivemesomeadvice/What’syouradviceShouldI…/WhatshouldIdoWhatdoyouadvisemetodoIfyouweremewhatwouldyoudoIwouldappreciateyouradviceon/about...CouldIaskwhatyourreactionwouldbe...FOCUSONFUNCTION:AGREEINGANDDISAGREEINGAskingforAdviceDoyouhappentoknow…I’mhavingproblemswith...ShouldItrythemWhat’syouradvice,professorKimCouldyoupleasetellmehowIcan...Doyouhaveanyideas/suggestionsSowhatkindofactivitiesdoyousuggestIsthereanyparticularkindofexercise…Iwaswonderingifyoucangivemesomeadviceon…FOCUSONFUNCTION:AGREEINGANDDISAGREEINGGivingAdviceIthinkyoushould...Whydon’tyou...What/Howabout...IfIwereyou,Iwould...Haveyoutried/considered...I(don’t)thinkyoushould/oughtto...Itmight(not)beagood/badideato...Onethingyoucould/should/havetodois...You’dbetter...Iadviseyouto…Youought(not)to...FOCUSONFUNCTION:AGREEINGANDDISAGREEINGGivingAdviceIsuggestthatyou(should)…Itmightbeagoodideato…Iwouldrecommend…Youcouldtrylearninganewlanguage...Onethingyoucandoistocutdownonjunkfood.Iadviseyoutodoexercisethatisgoodforyourheart.Itmightalsobeagoodideatoincreaseyourintakeof…Don’thesitateto…ThewayIseeitisthat…IfIwereyou,Iwould…TAPESCRIPTS（P=PresenterK=ProfessorKimA=AnnaJ=JohnB=Bella）P:GoodmorningandwelcometoHealthyLiving.Thismorningwe’reheretodiscussthebrain.ThisisProfessorKim,abrainexpert.Welcome,Professor.K:Thankyouforhavingme.P:Let’sturntoourfirstcallernow.Anna,areyouthereWhatwouldyouliketoaskProfessorKimA:Ohhi,goodmorning.Yes.I’venoticedthatmymemoryisn’tasgoodasitusedtobe,andI’vereadaboutbrainexercises—youknow,crosswordpuzzles,games,quizzes,thatkindofTAPESCRIPTSthing.ButdotheyreallyworkShouldItrythemP:What’syouradvice,ProfessorKimK:Well,theanswerisyesandno.Puzzlesandgamesaregoodforustokeepourbrainactive.However,toreallyexercisethebrain,youneedtochallengeit.Thatmeansdoingsomethingnew,somethingthatperhapsyouarenotgoodat.Thiskeepsthebrainflexibleandhelpsimprovememory.P:SowhatkindsofactivitiesdoyousuggestK:Youcouldtrylearninganewlanguage,learningtodanceorlearningtopaint...anythingthattakesyououtsideyourcomfortzone.TAPESCRIPTSP:Great.Canwehaveournextcaller,pleaseHi,John,what’syourquestion,pleaseJ:Oh,hi.I’vegotsomebigexamscomingupnextmonth,andIwasjustwonderingiftherearecertainfoodsthataregoodforthebrain.WhatdoyousuggestK:Greatquestion.Yourdietcandefinitelyimproveyourbrainhealth.Ifyourbrainhasthecorrectfuel,itcanworkatitsbest.Onethingyoucandoistocutdownonjunkfood.Foodsthathelpthebrainarenaturalfoods:fruit,vegetables,andsoon.ItmightalsobeagoodideatoincreaseyourintakeofTAPESCRIPTSOmega-3fats,whichareanimportantbrainfood.Thesearefoundinfoodlikeoilyfishandeggs.P:Greatadvice.Andfinally,canwehearfromBellaB:Oh,hello.Myquestionisaboutphysicalexercise.IsthereanyparticularkindofexercisethatcanimprovethehealthofmybrainWhatshouldIdoK:Iadviseyoutodoexercisethatisgoodforyourheart,suchaswalkingandrunning.Thesekindsofexerciseincreasetheamountofoxygenintheblood,whichisalsogoodforthebrain.P:Fascinatingstuff.Joinusafterthebreak...SPEAKSearchonlineingroupsformorewaystoincreasebrainpower.Thengiveashortpresentationtotheclass.SPEAKSearchonlineingroupsformorewaystoincreasebrainpower.Thengiveashortpresentationtotheclass.Eathealthyfoods.Theycontainvitaminsandmineralsthatareimportantforthenervoussystem.Getalotofplaytime(exercise).Wearahelmetwhenyourideyourbikeorplayothersportsthatrequireheadprotection.SPEAKSearchonlineingroupsformorewaystoincreasebrainpower.Thengiveashortpresentationtotheclass.Don'tdrinkalcohol,takedrugs,orusetobacco.Useyourbrainbydoingchallengingactivities,suchaspuzzles,reading,playingmusic,makingart,oranythingelsethatgivesthebrainaworkout!VOCABULARY1.existexistin…存在于……之中Thereexists...有/存在……existingadj.現(xiàn)存的；現(xiàn)有的existencen.存在bring…intoexistence使……開(kāi)始存在inexistence現(xiàn)存的；現(xiàn)有的comeintoexistence產(chǎn)生；存在練習(xí)：Isthereapossibilitythatlife_________onotherplanetsexistsVOCABULARY2.containcontainoneself克制自己containone'sfeelings抑制某人的感情containone'sanger抑制某人的怒火containone'sexcitement控制某人的激動(dòng)AcontainsB(=BisinsideA)B在A里面containern.容器練習(xí)：Factoryshops___________awiderangeoffurniture.containVOCABULARY3.connectconnect…to/with/and…把……與……連接起來(lái)（具體含義）connect…with…把……與……聯(lián)系起來(lái)（抽象含義）beconnectedwith與……有聯(lián)系/有關(guān)聯(lián)connectionn.聯(lián)系；連接inconnectionwith與……有關(guān)

haveconnectionwith與……有聯(lián)系theconnectionbetweenAandBA與B之間的聯(lián)系練習(xí)：First_____________theprintertothecomputer.connectVOCABULARY4.responsibleresponsibleadj.負(fù)有責(zé)任的；負(fù)責(zé)的beresponsiblefor…對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)responsibilityn.責(zé)任；職責(zé)irresponsibleadj.不負(fù)責(zé)任的takeresponsibilityforsth.承擔(dān)某事的責(zé)任練習(xí)：Hetakestheviewthatchildrenare_________________fortheirownactions.responsibleVOCABULARY5.makeupmakeupateam組建一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)makeupastory編故事makeupanexcuse編借口makeupbeforethemirror在鏡子前化妝makeupfortheloss彌補(bǔ)損失練習(xí)：Theyhaveto_________________thetimewastedthisafternoonbyworkinglatetonight.makeupVOCABULARY6.cutdownoncutdown削減；砍倒

cutout裁剪；刪除

cutaway剪去；切除；砍掉 cutup切碎cutoff切掉；阻礙；中斷 cutin插嘴；插隊(duì)cutthrough/across抄近路穿過(guò)練習(xí)：AsfarasIamconcerned,youshould_________________thefatyoutakeineveryday.cutdownonLANGUAGEPOINTS1.Puzzlesandgamesaregoodforustokeepour