北京英文導(dǎo)游詞北京英文導(dǎo)游詞1Hi,I'mthetourguide,mysurnameis*,youcancallme*guide!Nowgotothedestination,thetempleofheaveninBeijing,soI'llgiveyousomeprecautions:"seeingpoliteness,hygiene,order,handgraffitoofthescribbledon'tmove,"thefiveo'clock,remember!Arrivedpassengers,touristattractionsandorderly,pleasegetoff!Nowwecometothefrontdoorofthetempleofheaven,hereistheemperortocometosacrificetotheinandoutofthedoor.Now,letmeonebyonetointroduce!Thetempleofheaven,inNovember1998,wasincludedinthe"worldheritagelist".Itislocatedatthesoutherntipofthecity,theMingandqingdynastiesemperorworshipofheavenandearthgodandpraythegrainharvest.ThetempleofheavenisthepearlintheChineseancientarchitecture,notonlyistheworldtreasureinthehistoryofarchitecture.Thetempleofheavenis1700meterslong,northandsouth1600meterswide,coversanareaof2.73millionsquaremeters.Thetempleofheaven,includinggoodharvestsandcircularmoundaltaraltarandstandpointsinsideandoutsidetwolayer,aglyph.Northwallforwanderinground,southwallsfellowshipwiththingsrightanglestothewall,issquare.Circle,thesouthnorth,knownas"heavenandearth,"likeabadgeofancient"natureroundplace".Theaboveisthestoryofthetempleofheaven,it'sgettinglate,now,everybodyvisitfreelytakepictures!-thetwinklingofaneye,weadayatthetempleofheaveninBeijingandover,everyoneorderlyridehome!北京英文導(dǎo)游詞2TheGreatWall,likethePyramidsofEgypt,theTajMahal(1)inIndiaandtheHangingGardenofBabylon(2),isoneofthegreatwondersoftheworld.StartingoutintheeastonthebanksoftheYaluRiverinLiaoningProvince,theWallstretcheswestwardsfor12,700kilometerstoJiayuguanintheGobidesert,thusknownastheTenThousandLiWallinChina.TheWallclimbsupanddown,twistsandturnsalongtheridgesoftheYanshanandYinshanMountainChainsthroughfiveprovinces-Liaoning,Hebei,Shanxi,Shaanxi,andGansu--andtwoautonomousregions--NingxiaandInnerMongolia,bindingthenorthernChinatogether.HistoricalrecordstracetheconstructionoftheoriginoftheWalltodefensivefortificationbacktotheyear656B.C.duringthereignofKingChengoftheStatesofChu.ItsconstructioncontinuedthroughouttheWarringStatesperiodinthefifthCenturyB.C.whenducalstatesYan,Zhao,Wei,andQinwerefrequentlyplunderedbythenomadicpeopleslivingnorthoftheYinshanandYanshanmountainranges.Walls,then,werebuiltseparatelybytheseducalstatestowardoffsuchharassments.Laterin221B.C.,whenQinconqueredtheotherstatesandunifiedChina,EmperorQinshihuangorderedtheconnectionoftheseindividualwallsandfurtherextensionstoformthebasisofthepresentgreatwall.Asamatteroffact,aseparateouterwallwasconstructednorthoftheYinshanrangeintheHanDynasty(206BC--1644BC.),whichwenttoruinthroughyearsofneglect.Inthemanyinterveningcenturies,succeedingdynastiesrebuiltpartsoftheWall.ThemostextensivereinforcementsandrenovationswerecarriedoutintheMingDynasty(1368--1644)whenaltogether18lengthystretcheswerereinforcedwithbricksandrocks.itismostlytheMingDynastyWallthatvisitorsseetoday.TheGreatWallisdividedintotwosections,theeastandwest,withShanxiProvinceasthedividingline.Thewestpartisarammedearthconstruction,about5.3metershighonaverage.Intheeasternpart,thecoreoftheWallisrammedearthaswell,buttheoutershellisreinforcedwithbricksandrocks.ThemostimposingandbestpreservedsectionsoftheGreatWallareatBadalingandMutianyu,notfarfromBeijingandbothareopentovisitors.TheWallofthosesectionsis7.8metershighand6.5meterswideatitsbase,narrowingto5.8metersontheramparts,wideenoughforfivehorsestogallopabreast.Thereareramparts,embrasures,peep-holesandaperturesforarchersonthetop,besidesgutterswithgargoylestodrainrain-waterofftheparapetwalk.Two-storiedwatch-towersarebuiltatapproximately400-metersinternals.Thetopstoriesofthewatch-towerweredesignedforobservingenemymovements,whilethefirstwasusedforstoringgrain,fodder,militaryequipmentandgunpowderaswellasforquarteringgarrisonsoldiers.Thehighestwatch-toweratBadalingstandingonahill-top,isreachedonlyafterasteepclimb,like"climbingaladdertoheaven".Theviewfromthetopisrewarding,hoverer.TheWallfollowsthecontourofmountainsthatriseonebehindtheotheruntiltheyfinallyfadeandmergewithdistanthaze.Asignalsystemformerlyexistedthatservedtocnmunicatemilitaryinformationtothedynasticcapital.ThisconsistedofbeacontowersontheWallitselfandonmountaintopswithinsightoftheWall.Attheapproachofenemytroops,smokesignalsgavethealarmfromthebeacontowersinthedaytimeandbonfiredidthisatnight.Emergencysignalscouldberelayedtothecapitalfromdistantplaceswithinafewhourlongbeforetheinventionofanythinglikemoderncnmunications.Therestand14majorpasses(Guan,inChinese)atplacesofstrategicimportancealongtheGreatWall,themostimportantbeingShanghaiguanandJiayuguan.YetthemostimpressiveoneisJuyongguan,about50kilometersnorthwestofBeijing.Knownas"TianXiaDiYIGuan"(TheFirstPassUnderHeaven),ShanghaiguanPassissituatedbetweentwosheercliffsforminganeckconnectingnorthChinawiththenortheast.Ithadbeen,therefore,akeyjunctioncontestedbyallstrategistsandmanyfamousbattleswerefoughthere.ItwasthegateofShanghaiguanthattheMinggeneralWuSanguiopenedtotheManchuarmytosuppressthepeasantrebellionledbyLiZichengandsosurrenderedthewholeMingempiretotheManchus,leadingtothefoundationoftheQingDynasty.(1644-1911)JiayuguanPasswasnotsomuchasthe"StrategicpassUndertheHeaven"asanimportantcnmunicationcenterinChinesehistory.Cleftbetweenthesnow-cappedQilianMountainsandtherollingMazongMountains,itwasontheancientSilkRoad.ZhangQian,thefirstenvoyofEmperorWuDioftheWesternHandynasty(206B.C-24A.D),crosseditonhisjourneytothewesternregions.Later,silkflowedtothewestthroughthispasstoo.Thegate-towerofJiayuguanisanattractivebuildingofexcellentworkmanship.Ithasaninnercityandanoutercity,theformersquareinshapeandsurroundedbyawall11.7metershighand730metersincircumference.Ithastwogates,aneasternoneandawesternone.Oneachgatesitsatowerfacingeachother.thefourcornersofthewallareoccupiedbyfourwatchtowers,oneforeach.Juyongguan,agatewaytoancientBeijingfromInnerMongolia,wasbuiltina15-kilometerlongravineflankedbymountains.ThecavalrymenofGenghisKhansweptthroughitinthe13thcentury.AtthecenterofthepassisawhitemarbleplatformnamedtheCloudterrace,whichwascalledtheCrossing-StreetDagoba,sinceitsnarrowarchspannedthemainstreetofthepassandonthetopoftheterracethereusedtobethreestonedagobas,builtintheYuanDaynasty(1206-1368).Atthebottomoftheterraceisahalf-octagonalarchgateway,interestingforitswealthofdetail:itisdecoratedwithsplendidimagesofBuddhaandfourcelestialguardianscarvedonthewalls.Thevividnessoftheirexpressionsismatchedbytheexquisiteworkmanship.suchgrandioserelicsworks,withseveralstonespiecedtogether,arerarelyseeninancientChinesecarving.Thegatejambsbearamulti-lingualBuddhistsutra,carvedsome600yearsagoinSanskrit(3),Tibetan,Mongolian,Uigur(4),HanChineseandthelanguageofWesternXia.Undoubtedly,theyarevaluabletothestudyofBuddhismandancientlanguages.Asaculturalheritage,theWallbelongsnotonlytoChinabuttotheworld.TheVenicechartersays:"Historicalandculturalarchitecturenotonlyincludestheindividualarchitecturalworks,butalsotheurbanorruralenvironmentthatwitnessedcertaincivilizations,significantsocialdevelopmentsorhistoricalevents."TheGreatWallisthelargestofsuchhistoricalandculturalarchitecture,andthatiswhyitcontinuestobesoattractivetopeopleallovertheworld.In1987,theWallwaslistedbyUNESCOasaworldculturalheritagesite.北京英文導(dǎo)游詞3Theword"hutong"means"waterwell"inMongolian.TheMongolianskeepthenomadictraditionofsettlingdownaroundspringsorwells.Ahutongisthepassageformedbylinesofsiheyuan(four-sideenclosedcourtyards).Strictly,hutongalleysarelessthanninemeterswide.MosthutongsinBeijingruninaneast-westornorth-southdirection,withmosthousesfacingsouthtotakeinasmuchsunshineaspossible.Astandardsiheyuanusuallyconsistsofhousesonitsfoursideswithayardinthecenter.Thegatesareusuallypaintedredandhavelargecopperdoorrings.Usually,awholefamilylivesincompound.Theeldergenerationlivesinthemainhousestandingatthenorthend,theyoungergenerationsliveinthesidehouses,andthesouthhouseisusuallythefamilysittingroomorstudy.Hutongjoinshutong,andsiheyuanmeetssiheyuantoformablock.Blocksjoinwithblockstoformthewholeresidentialconstructions.北京英文導(dǎo)游詞4LadiesandGentlemen,thegreathallweareapproachingistheHallofSupremeHarmony,thebiggestandtallestofitskingintheForbiddenCity.Thisstructurecoversatotalbuildingspaceof2,377squaremeters,andisknowforitsupturned,multiplecounterparteaves.TheHallofSupremeHarmonysitsonatriple“H”-shapedmarbleterracetheis8metershighandlinkedbystaircases.Thestaircaseonthegroundfloorhas21stepswhilethemiddleandupperstairwayseachhave9.TheconstructionoftheHallofSupremeHarmonybeganin1406.Itburneddownthreetimesandwasseverelydamagedonceduringamutiny.TheexistingarchitecturewasbuiltduringtheQingDynasty.Onthecornersoftheeavesalineofanimal-nailswereusuallyfastenedtothetiles.Theseanimal-nailswerelaterreplacewithmythicalanimalstowardoffevilspirits.Therearealtogether9suchfastenersontopofthishall.Thenumberninewasregardedbytheancientstobethelargestnumeralaccessibletomanandtowhichonlytheemperorswereentitled.Therewasatotalof24successiveemperorsduringtheMingandQingdynastieswhowereenthronedhere.Theballwasalsousedforceremonieswhichmarkedothergreatoccasions:theWinterSolstice,TheChineseLunarNewYear,theEmperor`sbirthday,conferralofthetitleofempress,theannouncementofnewlawsandpolicies,anddispatchesofgeneralstowar.Onsuchoccasions,theEmperorwouldholdaudienceforhiscourtofficialsandreceivetheirtributes.ThisareaiscalledtheHallofSupremeHarmonySquare,whichcoversatotalof30,000squaremeters,Withoutasingletreeorplantgrowinghere,thisplaceinspiresvisitorstofeelitssolemnityandgrandeur.InthemiddleofthesquarethereisacarriagewaythatwasreservedfortheEmperor.Onbothsidesoftheroadthegroudbrickswerelaidinaspecialwaysevenlayerslengthwiseandeightlayerscrosswise,makingupfifteenlayersinall.Thepurposeofthiswastopreventanyonefromtunnelinghiswayintothepalace.Inthecountyardthereareironvatsforstoringwatertofightfires.Inthewholecomplextherearealtogher308watervats.Inwintertime,charcoalwasburnedunderneaththevatstokeepthewaterfromfreezing.Whysovastasquare?Itwasdesignedtoimpresspeoplewiththehall`sgrandeurandvastness.Imaginethefollowingscene.Undertheclearbluesky,theyellowglazedtilesshimmeredasthecloud-likelayersofterrace,coupledwiththecurlingveilofburningincense,transformedthehallofsupremeHarmonyintoafairyland.Whenevermajorceremonieswereheld,theglazed,crane-shapedcandleholdersinsidethehallwouldbeit,andincenseandpinebranchesburntinfrontofthehall.WhentheEmperorappeared,drumswerebeatenandmusicalinstrumentplayed.Civilianofficialsandgeneralswouldkneelknowinsubmission.ThelastQingemperorPuyiassumedthethronein1908,attheageofthree,Hisfathercarriedhimtothethrone.Atthestartofthecoronation,thesuddendrum-beatingandloudmusiccaughttheyoungemperorunprepared.Hewassoscaredthathekeptcryingandshouting,”Idon’twanttostayhere.Iwanttogohome.”Hisfathertriedtosoothehim,saying,”It`allsoonbefinished.It`allsoonbefinished”Theministerspresentattheeventconsideredthisincidentinauspicious.Coincidentally,theQingdynastycollapsedthreeyearslaterandtherewithconcludedChina`sfeudalsystemthathadlastedformorethan2,000years.Thisisabronzeincenseburner.Initincensemadeofsandalwoodwouldbeburntonimportantoccasions.Therearealtogether18incenseburners,representingalloftheprovincesundertheruleoftheSingmonarchs.OneithersideoftheHall,4bronzewater-filledvatswereplacedincaseoffire.Nexttotheterraceoneitherside,thereisabronzecraneandtortoise,symbolsoflongevity.Thiscopper-castgrainmeasureiscalled”jialiang.”ItservedasthenationalstandardduringtheQingdynasty.Itwasmeanttoshowthattheimperialrulerwerejustandopentorectification.Ontheothersidethereisastonesundial,anancienttimepiece.ThejialiangandthesundialwereprobablymeanttoshowwhattheEmperorrepresented:thathewastheonlypersonwhoshouldpossessthestandardsofbothmeasureandtime.IntheveryforefrontoftheHallofSupremeHarmony,thereare12scarlet,roundpillarssupportingtheroof.Thehallis63metersfromeasttowestand37metersfromnorthtosouth,Itis35metersinheight.Infrontofthisarchitechture,therestandsatripleterracewithfivestaircasesleadinguptothemainentrance.Ithas40golddoorsand16gold-keywindowswithcoloreddrawingsonthepillarsandbeams.Inthemiddleofthehall,athrounecarvedwith9dragonssitsona2-meter-highplatform.Behindthethronethereisagoldenscreenandinfrontofit,thereisaimperialdesk.Theflanksaredecoratedwithelephants,Luduan,cranes,andincensebarrels.Theelephantcarriesavaseonitsbackthatholdsfivecereals,whichwasconsideredasymbolofprosperity.Asancientlegendhasitthatluduancantravel18,000liinonedayandknowsalllanguagesanddialects.Onlytoawiseadjustmonarchwillthisbeastbeaguardian.TheHallofSupremeHarmonyisalsopopularlyknownasJinluanDian.Thefloorofthehallislaidwithbricksthatturnitintoasmooth,finesurfaceasifwaterhasbeensprinkledonit.Theso-calledgoldenbrick,infact,hasnothingtodowithgold.Reservedexclusivelyfortheconstructionoftheroyalcourt,itwasmadeinasecretive,andcomplexway,and,whenstruck,soundsliketheclinkofagoldbar.Eachbrickwasworththemarketpriceofonedanofrice.Thehallissupportedbyatotalof72thickpillars.Ofthese,6arecarvedindragonpatternsandpaintedwithgoldandsurroundthethrone.Abovetheverycenterofthishallthereisazaojing,orcoveredceiling,whichisoneoftheSpecialitiesofChina`sancientarchiture.Inthemiddleoftheceilingisadesignofadragonplayingwithaballinlaidwithpeals.Thiscopperball,hollowinsideandcoveredwithmercury,isknownastheXuanyuanMirrorandisthoughttobemadeXuanyuan,alegendarymonarchdatingbacktoremoteantiquity.TheplacingofthecaissonabovethethroneismeanttosuggestthatallofChina`ssuccessiveemperorsareZuanyuan`sdescendantsandhereditaryheirs.NowyoumighthavenoticedthattheXuanyuanmirrorisnotdirectlyabovethethrone.Why?ItisrumoredthatYuanShikai,aself-acclaimedwarlord-turnedemperormovedthethronefurtherbackbecausehewasafraidthatthemirrormightfallonhim.In1916whenYuanShikaibecameemperor,heremovedtheoriginalthronewithaWestern-style,high-backchair.AfterthefoundationofthePeople`sRepublicofChinain1949thethronewasfoundinashabbyfurniturewarehouse.Itrepairedandreturnedtothehall.thewatervatsinfrontofthepalacesorhousewerecalled“menhai,”orseabeforethedoorbytheancientChinese.Theybelievedthatwithaseabythedoor,firecouldnotwreakhavoc.Thevatsservedbothasadecorationandasafireextinguisher.Theywerekeptfullofwaterallyearround.DuringtheQingDynasty,theywerealtogether308vatsinthepalaceenclosure.Theyweremadeofgiltbronzeoriron.Ofcouse,thegiltbronzevatswereofthebestquality.WhenthealliedforcesinvadedBeijingin1900underthepretextofsuppressingtheBoxerRebellion,theinvadersransackedtheimperialcompoundandscrapedandgoldoffthevatswiththeirbayonets.DuringtheJapaneseoccupationofBeijing,manyvatsweretruckedawaybytheJapanesetobemadeintobullets.ThesquarearchitecturebeforeusiscalledtheHallofCompleteHarmony.Itservedasanantechamber.TheEmperorcameheretomeetwithhiscountiersandaddhisfinaltouchestotheprayerswhichwouldbereadattheancestralTemple.Theseeds,snowersandprayerintendedforspringsowingwerealsoexaminedhere.ThetwoQingsedanchairshereondisplaywereusedfortravelingwithinthepalaceduringthereignofEmperorQianlong.thisistheHallofPreservingHarmony.DuringtheQingDynasty,banquetswereheldhereonNewYear`seveinhonourofMongolianandNorthwesternChina`sxingjiangprincesandrankingofficials.TheEmperoralsodinnedherewithhisnewson-in-lawontheweddingday.Imperialexaminationswerealsoheldhereonceeverythreeyears.DuringtheMingandQingdynasties,therewerethreelevelsofexams:thecountyandprefecturallevel,theprovinciallevelandnationallevel.Thenationalexamwaspresidedoverbytheemperor.ThecivilserviceexaminancientChinastartedduringtheHanDynasty.ItservedthepurposeofrecruitingConfucianscholarstotheministersandhighofficials.DuringtheTangandQingdynastiesreinstitutedandancientsystem.Onceeverythreeyears,threehundredscholarsfromalloverthecountrycametoBeijingandtookexamsforthreedayandnight.Thissystemwasabolishedin1905.thisisthelargeststonecarvinginthepalace.Itis16.73meterslong,3.07meterswideand1.7metersthick.Itweighsabout200tons.TheblockwasquarriedinFangshanCounty,roughly70kilometersaway.TotransportsuchahugeblocktoBeijing,laborersdugwellsalongtheroadsidehalfakilometerapart,andusedthegroundwatertomakearoadoficeinthewinter.Rollingblockswereusedinthesummer.In1760,EmperorQianlongoftheQingDynastyorderedthecarvingoftheexistingcloudanddragondesigninplaceoftheoldonewhichdatedbacktotheMingDynasty.Note:Fromhere,thetourcanbeconductedviathreedifferentroutes:awesternroute,acentralrouteoraneasternroute.Thecommentaryforeachfollows.北京英文導(dǎo)游詞5Respectedtourists:Itseemsthateveryoneisveryenergetic.TodaywearegoingtovisittheGreatWall.Pleasebeprepared.TheGreatWallisthelongestbuildinginChina.ItisalsothemostfamousbuildinginChina.Itslengthreachesmorethan13000Li.WeoftencallittheGreatWall.Firstofall,wecametothefootoftheGreatWall.Yousee,thetheGreatWallissotallandstrongthatituseshugestonesandbrick.Thetopofthecitywallispavedwithsquaretiles.Itisverysmooth.Likeawideroad,fiveorsixhorsescanbeparallel.Doyouseeaholeinthetooth,asmallsquare,andafortress?Letmetellyouwhatthethreethingsarefor?Thatholelikeatooth!Itscalledalook.Ithinkyoumustknowwhyitcallsit?Illtellyou,whenthewarwas,theeightunclecametoseethesituation,thatsmallsquare.Theshapeiscalledanarchery.Itisusedforarchery.Thatfortisusedforcityplatformstoechoeachother.Everyoneistired,isithungry?CanIeatabitoffood,Isendyouabagforgarbage,remembernottothrowrubbish,IlltellyouastoryabouttheGreatWall:QinShihuangfoughtalotbefore,andthenhethoughtofbuildingtheGreatWall,sohetookallthemenofQinStateTocatchthetheGreatWall,QinShihuangwasafraidthatthemenwouldrunaway,sohetiedthefeetofthementogether.HowmanylaboringpeoplessweatandwisdomistheonlywaytoformthetheGreatWallthathasneverseenbeforeorafter.北京英文導(dǎo)游詞6ThealleywaysofBeijingadimeadozen,hadeighthutongsworld-famous.Becauseinthosedays,therewasatobaccoLiuHangpronoun."Eighthutongs"atthetopofwestpearlstreet,northofcycas,southofdiagonal."Eight"isrefersto,theareaatleast15hutongsofoldBeijing"redlightdistrict".Recognizedasoneoftheeighthutongsare:bestsuitablehutong,rougehutong,HanGutan(nowknownasKoreashutong),shanxilane,stonehutong,WangGuangfudiagonal(nowknownaspalmdiagonal),zhujiajianhutong,leeshamaohutong(nowknownashutong,smallhutong)energetically.Inthealleyoutsideoftheeightlanes,alsotherearenearlyhundredsizebrothels.Justthen,theeighthutongsbrothelsaresecond-class,moreprostitutes"class"ismorehigh,soitissofamous.Eighthutongsinthepasthundredalongthehutongs,rougehutong,HanGutan,shaanxilane,focusonthefirstclassbrothel;Stonehutongwithnumerous"teahouse",secondclassbrothel;WangGuangfubyway,zhujiajianhutong,leeshamaohutong,manyscatteredthird-classbrothels.Yiyuan,suchasthegoldenflowertoliveinisnowashanxilanehotel;Smallclassofcloud,impatienslivedisnowapainting;CAIandsmallimpatiensdoublehabitatofcherrybyway11building,nowalongpalacehotel...Eighthutongs,not"redlightdistrict"atthebeginning,butbesidesthelocationofthetroupe.Theqingdynasty,apolicyof"flagofthepeoplepointscity",theeightbannerslivedintheinnercityofBeijing,hanpeoplemovedtothefrontdoor.Eighthutongsareinitiallyoffervocationalschoolchoiceinresidence,hotelsarethepropertiesoftheoutdoorplayhousesconcentratedindashilan,actorshavebeenselectedinthedashilan,xinhuastreet,easttothesouthoftheeighthutongs."WhenHuiBanbesidesjuststayingattheeighthutongsHanGutan,bestsuitablehutongarea,thenfourxi,thestageofspringuponeafteranotherinBeijingtroupe,bestsuitableateighthutongshutongs,shanxilaneandli3tie3turnbyway.SotheoldBeijinghasasaying:thewaytothetigertomountain,singingoperafromtheshun,HanGutan.Visibleeighthutongsanddramaactivities.""xianggong"isdevelopedbydramaactivity.Thecharacteristicsoftheqingdynastyisveryspecial,theforbiddenSuChangandbrothelorigin,liyuanpederastydaxing,find"xianggong"becamethevogueoftheupperclass,slowlydevelopedintoasame-sexloverelationshiptoeachother.""Xianggong","isthemaleprostitutes,theancientcalled"rabbit","smallsinging",or"littlesexualabuse",therearealsocalled"smallhands",latersaid,"likethegu",thatislikeagirlsmeaning,thenahomonymfor""xianggong"."someevenhave"firstlady"inthetitle.Inthelateqingandearlyrepublic,brothelsaremainlyconcentratedinthefrontdooravenue,becausehereareneartheinnercity,officialsoutofthecity,andenjoymoreconvenient;Second,thereistherailwaystation,distributesthepassengers;Threeisthefrontdooravenueisafamousbusinessstreet,quitebusy;Fourisinthisareaistheconcentratedoutdoorplayhouses,teahouse,restaurant,eat,drink,andbemerry,formanorganicwhole.,accordingtoastatisticsofthe30s"eightbighutong"wasregisteredonthebusinessofthebrothelamountedto117,prostitutes,morethan750people,thisisjustaformal"quotation",not"prostitutes"and"wereobserved.OldBeijingprostitutesaredividedinto"theclass"and"north"classtwokinds,ingeneral,"southclass"prostituteismainlywomeninjiangnanarea,somehighlevel,notonlythecolor,andtalented.Theprostituteaccompanymanydignitaries,suchasthenationalcapitalfamousprostitute"goldenflower,smallimpatiens,etc."Theclass"prostituteisgivenprioritytowithYellowRivernorthofwoman,looksgood,butsomepoorliteracy."Eighthutongs"prostitutesinthemajoritywith"south"class,somuchforone,second-classbrothels.Andinotherpartsofthebrothel,mostisthe"north".Atthattime,manyhighrankanddoingbusinessinthecapitalcityisfromthesouth,asaresult,"theeighthutongs"astheborderofthedignitariesfrequented.北京英文導(dǎo)游詞7Goodmorning,ladiesandgentlemen:WelcometoBeijing,welcomeyoutoparticipateinthehutong.Mynameisxx,youcancallmeGrace.SinceIwasyoung,Igrewupinthehutongs.TodayIwilltakeyoutovisithere,ifyouhaveanyquestion,Iwilldomybesttogiveyouasatisfactoryanswer,makeyourhutongtourpleasantandmemorable.Firstofall,Iwillstartwiththeword"hutong".Expertsbelievethattheword"hutong"isderivedfromtheMongolianlanguage,meaning"well".Inancienttimespeoplelivingandgatheredaroundthewell,sothemeaningoftheword"hutong"shouldbe"inthepeople'slife.Anotherexplanationisthatduringtheyuandynasty(13thcentury),residentialareaisdividedintoseveralregions,areasbetweentheaislesforresidents.Anothereffectofthecorridorhasbeenisolatedfire.IntheMongolianlanguage,thecorridorcalledhutong.Whateveritsexactmeaning,onethingisforsure,hutonginBeijingisthefirsttimeintheyuandynasty.Inthe13thcentury,aMongoliantribesinthenorthisbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.Undertheleadershipofthetriballeadergenghiskhan,theyoccupiedtherulersofnations-Beijing.InA.D.1271,genghiskhan'sgrandsonKublaiKhanestablishedtheyuandynasty,madeinBeijingin1272countries.Unfortunatelycitywascompletelydestroyedinthewar,thereforehadtobebuilt.Inancienttimes,builtbuildingsandroadsneedsymmetrical,sotheymustfindacenter,accordingtothecity'scenterbuilding,thedesignofthewholecityislikeacheckerboard.Abouttobuildmorethan50residentialarea,residentialareabetweentheroadandhutongsconnect.Atthetime,road,street,alleyhasaclearconcept.37meterswideroad,streetsof18meterswide,hutongis9meterswide.Today,weseemostofthehutongsaretheMingandqingdynasties,noonecansayexactlyhowmanyhutonginBeijing.Butonethingisclear,ifconnecteach