職稱英語(yǔ)真題理工(A)

第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)(第『15題，每題1分，共15分)

下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或者短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選

項(xiàng)。

1.Therulesaretoorigidtoallowforhumaneerro匚

A.inflexibleB.generalC.complexD.direct

2.Thisspecieshasnearlydiedoutbecauseitshabitatisbeingdestroyed.

A.turneddeadB.passedbyC.carriedawayD.becomeextinct

3.Thecontractbetweenthetwocompanieswillexpiresoon.

A.shortenB.endC.startD.resume

4.Threeworld-classtennisplayerscametocontendforthistitle.

A.argueB.claimC.wishD.compete

5.Themethodsofcommunicationusedduringthewarwereprimitive.

A.simpleB.reliableC.effectiveD.alternative

6.Respectforlifeisacardinalprincipleofthelaw.

A.moralB.regularC.fundamentalD.hard

7.Thedrinkingwaterhasbecomecontaminatedwithlead.

A.pollutedB.treatedC.testedD.corrupted

8.Comeout,orDIbustthedoordown.

A.shutB.setC.breakD.beat

9.Sheshedafewtearsatherdaughter'swedding.

A.wipedB.injectedC.producedD.removed

10.Theydidn'tseemtoappreciatethemagnitudeoftheproblem.

A.existenceB.importanceC.causeD.situation

11.Thetowerremainsintaclevenaftertwohundredyears.

A.unknownB.unusualC.undamagedD.unstable

12.Manyexpertsremainskepticalabouthisclaims.

A.doubtfulB.untouchedC.certainD.silent

13.Theproposalwasendorsedbythemcyorityofmembers.

A.rejectedB.submittedC.consideredD.approved

14.Rumorsbegantocirculateabouthisfinancialproblems.

A.sendB.spreadC.hearD.confirm

15.Thepolicewillneedtokeepawaryeyeonthisareaoftown.

A.nakedB.cautiousC.blindD.private

第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16-22題，每題1分，共7分）

NewUnderstandingofNaturalSilk'sMysteries

Naturalsilk,asweallknow,hasastrengththatman-madematerialshavelongstruggledtomatch.Ina

discoverythatsoundsmorelikeanancientChineseproverbthanamaterialssciencebreakthrough,MIT

researchershavediscoveredthatsilkgetsitsstrengthfromitsweakness.Or,morespecifically,itsmany

weaknesses.Silkgetsitsextraordinarydurabilityandductility（柔韌性）fromanunusualarrangementof

hydrogenbondsthatareintrinsicallyveryweakbutthatworktogethertocreateastrong,flexiblestructure.

Mostmaterials-especiallytheonesweengineerforstrength-gettheirtoughnessfrom

brittleness.Assuch,naturalsilkslikethoseproducedbyspidershavelongfascinatedbothbiologistsand

engineersbecauseoftheirlightweight,ductilityandhighstrength（poundforpound,silkisstrongerthan

steelandfarlessbrittle）.Butonitsface,itdoesn'tseemthatsilksshouldbeasstrongastheyare;

molecularly,theyareheldtogetherbyhydrogenbonds,whicharefarweakerthanthecovalent（共價(jià)的）

bondsfoundinothermolecules.

Togetabetterunderstandingofhowsilkmanagestoproducesuchstrengththroughsuchweakbonds,

theMITteamcreatedasetofcomputermodelsthatallowedthemtoobservethewaysilkbehavesatthe

atomiclevel.Theyfoundthatthearrangementofthetinysilknanocrystals（納米晶體）issuchthatthe

hydrogenbondsareabletoworkcooperatively,reinforcingoneanotheragainstexternalforcesandfailing

slowlywhentheydofail,soasnotsoallowasuddenfracturetospreadacrossasilkstructure.

Theresultisnaturalsilksthatcanstretchandbendwhileretainingahighdegreeofstrength.Butwhile

that'sallwellandgoodforspiders,beesandthelike,thisunderstandingofsilkgeometrycouldleadtonew

materialsthatarestrongerandmoreductilethanthosewecancurrentlymanufacture.Ourbestandstrongest

materialsaregenerallyexpensiveanddifficulttoproduce（requiringhightemperaturetreatmentsor

energy-intensiveprocesses）.

Bylookingtosilkasamodel,researcherscouldpotentiallydevisenewmanufacturingmethodsthat

relyoninexpensivematerialsandweakbondstocreatelessrigid,moreforgivingmaterialsthatare

nonethelessstrongerthananythingcurrentlyonoffer.Andifyouthoughtyouweregoingtogetoutofthis

materialssciencestorywithouthearingaboutcarbonnanotubes（納米碳管），thinkagain.TheMITteamis

alreadyinthelablookingintowaysofsynthesizingsilk-likestructuresoutofmaterialsthatarestrongerthan

naturalsilk一likecarbonnanotubes.Super-silksareonthehorizon.

16.MITresearcherscarryoutthestudytoillustrateanancientChineseproverb.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17.Silk'sstrengthcomesfromitsweakhydrogenbondsworkingtogether.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18.Biologistsandengineersareinterestedinunderstandingnaturalsilksbecausetheyareverylightand

brittle.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19.Ifthehydrogenbondsbreakduetoexternalforces,theybreakfast.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20.TheMITteamhadtrieddifferentmaterialsbeforetheystudiesnaturalsilkintheresearch.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21.Carbonnanotubesarecurrentlythemostpopulartopicinmaterialsscience.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22.Itisindicatedthatmaterialsstrongerthannaturalsilkcanbeexpectedinthefuture.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第23-30題，每題1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：（1）第23?26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為指定段落每段選擇1

個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題；（2）第27?30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

BlackHoles

1.Blackholescanbebestdescribedasasortofvacuum,suckingupeverythinginspace.Scientists

havediscoveredthatblackholescomefromanexplosionofhugestars.Starsthatareneardeathcanno

longerburnduetolossoffuel,andbecauseitstemperaturecannolongercontrolthegravitational（重力的）

force,hydrogenendsupputtingpressureontothestar'ssurfaceuntilitsuddenlyexplodesthencollapses.

2.Blackholescomefromstarsthataremadeofhydrogen,othergasesandafewmetals.Whenthese

explodeitcanturnintoastellar-mass（恒星質(zhì)量）blackhole,whichcanonlyoccurifthestarislarge

enough（shouldbebiggerthanthesun）fbrtheexplosiontobreakitintopieces,andthegravitystartsto

compacteverypieceintothetiniestparticle.Trytoseeandcompare:ifastarthat'stentimesthesizeofthe

sunendsupbeingablackholethat'snolongerthan70kilometers,thentheEarthwouldbecomeablack

holethat'sonlyafractionofaninch!

3.Objectsthatgetsuckedinablackholewillalwaysremainthere,nevertobreakfree.Butremember

thatblackholescanonlygobbleup（吞噬）objectswithinaspecificdistancetoit.It'spossiblefbralarge

starnearthesuntobecomeablackhole,butthesunwillcontinuetostayinplace.Orbitsdonotchange

becausethenewlyformedblackholecontainsexactlythesameamountofmassaswhenitwasastar,only

thistimeitsmassistotallycontractedthatitcanendupasnobiggerthanastate.

4.Sofar,astronomershavefiguredoutthatblackholesexistbecauseofAlbertEinstein\theoryof

relativity.Intheend,throughnumerousstudies,theyhavediscoveredthatblackholestrulyexist.Since

blackholestraplightanddonotgiveofflight,itisnearlyimpossibletodetectblackholesviaatelescope.

Butastronomerscontinuetostudygalaxies,spaceandthesolarsystemtounderstandhowblackholesmight

evolve.Itispossiblethatblackholescanexistformillionsofyears,andlatercontributetoabiggerprocess

ingalaxies,whichcaneventuallyleadtocreationofnewentities.Scientistsalsocreditblackholesashelpful

inlearninghowgalaxiesbegantoform.

23.Paragraph1A.Isthereproofthatblackholesreallyexist?

24.Paragraph2B.Whataredifferenttypesofblackholes?

C.Howareblackholesformed?

25.Paragraph3

D.Howwereblackholesnamed?

26.Paragraph4E.Whathappenstotheobjectsaroundablackhole?

F.Whatareblackholesmadeof?

27.Blackholesareformedafter.

28.Whenalargestarexplodes,thegravitycompactseverypieceinto

29.Anewlyformedblackholeandthestaritcomesfromareof

30.AlbertEinstein'stheoryofrelativityhelpstoprove

A.thecreationofnewentities

B.anexplosionofhugestars

C.thetiniestparticle

D.thesameamountofmass

E.theexistenceofblackholes

F.afractionofaninch

第4部分：閱讀理解(第31-45題，每題3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

第一篇ForecastingMethods

Thereareseveraldifferentmethodsthatcanbeusedtocreateaforecast.Themethodaforecaster

choosesdependsupontheexperienceoftheforecaster,theamountofinformationavailabletotheforecaster,

thelevelofdifficultythattheforecastsituationpresents,andthedegreeofaccuracyorconfidenceneededin

theforecast.

Thefirstofthesemethodsisthepersistencemethod;thesimplestwayofproducingaforecast.The

persistencemethodassumesthattheconditionsatthetimeoftheforecastwillnotchange.Forexample,ifit

issunnyand87degreestoday,thepersistencemethodpredictsthatitwillbesunnyand87degrees

tomorrow.Iftwoinchesofrainfelltoday,thepersistencemethodwouldpredicttwoinchesofrainfor

tomorrow.However,ifweatherconditionschangesignificantlyfromdaytoday,thepersistencemethod

usuallybreaksdownandisnotthebestforecastingmethodtouse.

Thetrendsmethodinvolvesdeterminingthespeedanddirectionofmovementforfronts,highandlow

pressurecenters,andareasofcloudsandprecipitation.Usingthisinformation,theforecastercanpredict

whereheorsheexpectsthosefeaturestobeatsomefuturetime.Forexample,ifastormsystemis1,000

mileswestofyourlocationandmovingtotheeastat250milesperday,usingthetrendsmethodyouwould

predictittoarriveinyourareain4days.Thetrendsmethodworkswellwhensystemscontinuetomoveat

thesamespeedinthesamedirectionforalongperiodoftime.Iftheyslowdown,speedup,changeintensity,

orchangedirection,thetrendsforecastwillprobablynotworkaswell.

Theclimatologymethodisanothersimplewayofproducingaforecast.Thismethodinvolves

averagingweatherstatisticsaccumulatedovermanyyearstomaketheforecast.Forexample,ifyouwere

usingtheclimatologymethodtopredicttheweatherforNewYorkCityonJuly4th,youwouldgothrough

alltheweatherdatathathasbeenrecordedforeveryJuly4thandtakeanaverage,fheclimatologymethod

onlyworkswellwhentheweatherpatternissimilartothatexpectedfbrthechosentimeofyear.Ifthe

patternisquiteunusualforthegiventimeofyear,theclimatologymethodwilloftenfail.

Theanalogmethodisaslightlymorecomplicatedmethodofproducingaforecast.Itinvolves

examiningtoday'sforecastscenarioandrememberingadayinthepastwhentheweatherscenariolooked

verysimilar(ananalog).Theforecasterwouldpredictthattheweatherinthisforecastwillbehavethesame

asitdidinthepast.Theanalogmethodisdifficulttousebecauseitisvirtuallyimpossibletofindapredict

analog.Variousweatherfeaturesrarelyalignthemselvesinthesamelocationsastheywereintheprevious

lime.Evensmalldifferencesbetweenthecurrentlimeandtheanalogcanleadtoverydifferentresults.

31.WhatofthefollowingfactorsisNOTmentionedinchoosingaforecastingmethod?

A.Necessaryamountofinformation.

B.Degreeofdifficultyinvolvedinforecasting.

C.Practicalknowledgeoftheforecaster.

D.Creativityoftheforecaster.

32.Thepersistencemethodfailstoworkwellwhen

A.itisrainy.

B.itissunny.

C.weatherconditionsstaystable.

D.weatherconditionschangegreatly.

33.Thetrendsmethodworkswellwhen

A.weatherfeaturesareconstantforalongperiodoftime.

B.weatherfeaturesaredefinedwell.

C.predictionsonprecipitationareaccurate.

D.thespeedanddirectionofmovementarepredicable.

34.Theanalogmethodshouldnotbeusedinmakingaweatherforecastwhen

A.theanaloglookscomplicated.

B.thecurrentweatherscenarioisdifferentfromtheanalog.

C.theanalogismorethan10yearsold.

D.thecurrentweatherscenarioisexactlythesameastheanalog.

35.Historicalweatherdataarenecessaryin

A.thepersistencemethodandthetrendsmethod.

B.thetrendsmethodandtheclimatologymethod.

C.theclimatologymethodandtheanalogmethod.

D.Thepersistencemethodandtheanalogmethod.

第二篇StudentsLearnBetterWithTouchscreenDesks

Observethecriticismsofnearlyanymajorpubliceducationsystemintheworld,andafewofthemany

complaintsaremoreorlessuniversal.Technologymovesfasterthantheeducationsystem.Teachersmust

teachatthepaceofthesloweststudentratherthanthefastest.And-particularlyintheUnitedStates-

schoolchildrenasagroupdon'tcaremuchfbr,orexcelat,mathematics.Soit'shearteningtolearnthata

newkindof“classroomofthefbture“showspromiseatmitigatingsomeoftheseproblems,startingwith

thatfundamentalpieceofclassroomfurniture:thedesk.

AUKstudyinvolvingroughly400students,mostlyaged8-10years,andanewgenerationof

multi-touch,multi-user,computerizeddesktopsurfacesisshowingthatoverthelastthreeyearsthe

technologyhasappreciablyboostedstudents,mathskillscomparedtopeerslearningthesamematerialvia

theconventionalpaper-and-pencilmethod.How?Throughcollaboration,mostly,aswellasbygiving

teachersbettertoolsbywhichtomicromanageindividualstudentswhoneedsomeextrainstructionwhile

allowingtherestoftheclasstocontinuemovingforward.

Traditionalinstructionstillshowsrespectableefficacy（效力）atincreasingstudentsfluencyin

mathemaiics,essentiallythroughmemorizationandpractice-dull,repetitivepractice.Buttheresearchers

haveconcludedthatthesenewtouchscreendesksboostbothfluencyandflexibility——thecriticalthinking

skillsthatallowstudentstosolvecomplexproblemsnotsimplythroughknowingformulasanddevices,but

bybeingabletofigureoutwhattherealproblemisandthemosteffectivemeansofstrippingitdownand

solvingit

Onereasonforthis,theresearcherssay,isthemulti-touchaspectofthetechnology.Studentsworking

inthenext-genclassroomcanworktogetheratthesametabletop,eachofthemcontributingandengaging

withtheproblemaspartofagroup.KnownasSynergyNet,thesoftwareusescomputervisionsystemsthat

seeintheinfrared（紅外的）spectrumtodistinguishbetweendifferenttouchesondifferentpartsofthe

surface,allowingstudentstoaccessandusetoolsonthescreen,moveobjectsandvisualaidsaroundontheir

desktops,andotherwisephysicallyinteractwiththenumbersandinformationontheirscreens.Byusing

thesescreenscollaboratively,thelesearcheissay,thestudentsaretosomeextentteachingthemselvesas

thosewithastrongergraspondifficultconceptspullotherstudentsforwardalongwiththem.

36.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofthepubliceducationsystem?

A.Itdoesnotcatchupwiththedevelopmentoftechnology.

B.Teacherspaymoreattentiontofastlearnersthanslowlearners.

C.Somesimilarcomplaintsaboutitareheardindifferentcountries.

D.Manystudentsarenotgoodatlearningmathematics.

37.Whathasbeenfoundafterthenewtechisemployed?

A.Teachersareabletogiveindividualizedattentiontostudentsinneed.

B.Studentsbecomelessactiveinlearningmathematics.

C.Studentsshowpreferencetotheconventionalpaper-and-penci1method.

D.Thegapbetweenslowlearnersandfastlearnersgetmorenoticeable.

38.Whatisthebenefitstudentsgetfromthenewtech?

A.Itmakesthemmorefluentinpublicspeech.

B.Itoffersthemmoreflexibilityinchoosingcourses.

C.Itiseffectiveinhelpingthemsolvephysicalproblems.

D.Itenablesthemtodevelopcriticalthinkingability.

39.Whathappenswhenstudentsareusingthedesktopofthenewtech?

A.Everystudenthasanindividualtabletop.

B.Studentsusedifferenttoolstointeractwitheachother.

C.Themulti-touchfunctionstimulatesstudents.

D.Thesoftwareinstalledautomaticallyidentifiesdifferentusers.

40.Howdoesthenewtechworktoimprovestudents'mathematicallearning?

A.Ithelpsfastlearnerstolearnfaster.

B.Itmakesteachers'instructionunnecessary.

C.Itenablesthemtoworktogether.

D.Itallowsthewholeclasstolearnatthesamepace.

第三篇OntheTrailoftheHoneyBadgers

OnarecentfieldtriptotheKalahariDesert,ateamofresearcherslearntalotmoreabouthoney

badgers（獨(dú)）.Theteamemployedalocalwildlifeexpert,KitsoKhama,tohelpthemlocateandfollowthe

badgersacrossthedesert.Theirmainaimwastostudythebadgers5movementsandbehaviourasdiscreetly

（謹(jǐn)慎地）aspossible,withoutfrighteningthemawayorcausingthemtochangetheirnaturalbehaviour.

Theyalsoplannedtotrapafewandstudythemcloseupbeforereleasingthem.Inviewoftheanimafs

reputation,thiswassomethingthatevenKhamawasreluctanttodo.

“Theproblemwithhoneybadgersistheyarenaturallycuriousanimals,especiallywhentheysee

somethingnew,“hesays,“that,combinedwiththeirunpredictablenature,canbeadangerousmixture.If

theysenseyouhavefood,forexample,theywon'tbeshyaboutcomingrightuptoyouforsomethingtoeat.

They'reactuallyquitesociablecreaturesaroundhumans,butassoonastheyfeeltheymightbeindanger,

theycanbecomeextremelyvicious（兇惡的）.Fortunatelythisisrare,butitdoeshappen/5

Theresearchconfirmedmanythingsthatwerealreadyknown.Asexpected,honeybadgersateany

creaturestheycouldcatchandkill.Evenpoisonoussnakes,fearedandavoidedbymostotheranimals,were

notsafefromthem.Theresearchersweresurprised,however,bytheanimafsfondnessforlocalmelons,

probablybecauseoftheirhighwatercontent.Previouslyresearchersthoughtthattheanimalgotallofits

liquidrequirementsfromitsprey（獵物）.Theteamalsolearntthat,contrarytopreviousresearchfindings,

thebadgersoccasionallyformedloosefamilygroups.Theywerealsoabletoconfirmcertainresultsfrom

previousresearch,includingthefatthatfemalebadgersneversocializedwitheachother.

Followingsomeofthemalebadgerswasachallenge,sincetheycancoverlargedistancesinashort

spaceoftime.Somehuntingterritoriescovermorethan500squarekilometers.Althoughtheyseemhappyto

sharetheseterritorieswithothermales,thereareoccasionalfightsoveranimportantfoodsource,andmale

badgerscanbeasaggressivetowardseachotherastheyaretowardsotherspecies.

Asthebadgersbecameaccustomedtothepresenceofpeople,itgavetheteamthechancetogetup

closetothemwithoutbeingthesubjectoftheanimafscuriosity——ortheirsuddenaggression.The

badgers5eatingpatterns,whichhadbeendisrupted,returnedtonormal.Italsoallowedtheteamtoobserve

morecloselysomeoftheothercreaturesthatfonnworkingassociationswiththehoneybadger,asthese

seemstoadoptthebadgers'relaxedattitudewhennearhumans.

41.WhydidthewildlifeexpertsvisittheKalahariDesert?

A.Tofindwherehoneybadgerslive.

B.Toobservehowhoneybadgersbehave.

C.Tocatchsomehoneybadgersforfood.

D.Tofindoutwhyhoneybadgershaveabadreputation.

42.WhatdoesKitsoKhamasayabouthoneybadgers?

A.Theyshowinterestinthingstheyarenotfamiliarwith.

D.Theyarealwayslookingfbrfood.

C.Theydonotenjoyhumancompany.

D.Itiscommonforthemtoattackpeople.

43.Whatdidtheteamfindoutabouthoneybadgers?

A.Thereweresomecreaturestheydidnoteat.

B.Theywereafraidofpoisonouscreatures.

C.Theymaygetsomeofthewatertheyneededfromfruit.

D.Femalebadgersdidnotmixwithmalebadgers.

44.Whichofthefollowingisatypicalfeatureofmalebadgers?

A.Theydon'trunveryquickly.

B.Theyhuntoveraverylargearea.

C.Theydefendtheirterritoryfromotherbadgers.

D.Theyaremoreaggressivethanfemales

45.Whathappenedwhenhoneybadgersgotusedtohumansaroundthem?

A.Theybecamelessaggressivetowardsothercreatures.

B.Theystartedeatingmore.

C.Otheranimalsstartedworkingwiththem.

D.Theylostinterestinpeople.

第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文(第46-50題，每題2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取自短文，清根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回

原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章面貌。

ToadsareArthriticandinPain

Arthritisisanillnessthatcancausepainandswellinginyourbones.Toads,abigprobleminthenorth

ofAustralia,aresufferingfrompainfularthritisintheirlegsandbackbone,anewstudyhasshown.The

toadsthatjumpthefastestaremorelikelytobelargerandtohavelongerlegs.46.

Thelargeyellowtoads,nativetoSouthandCentralAmerica,wereintroducedintothenorth-eastern

AustralianstateofQueenslandin193Sinanattempttostopbeetlesandotherinsectsfromdestroying

sugarcanecrops.Nowupto200millionofthepoisonoustoadsexistinthecountry,andtheyarerapidly

spreadingthroughthestateofNorthernTerritoryatarateofupto60kmayear.Thetoadscannowbefound

acrossmorethanonemillionsquarekilometers.47.AVenezuelanpoisonviruswastriedin

the1990sbuthadtobeabandonedafteritwasfoundtoalsokillnativefrogspecies.

ThetoadshaveseverelyaffectedecosystemsinAustralia.Animals,andsometimespets,thateatthe

toadsdieimmediatelyfromtheirpoison,andthetoadsthemselveseatanythingtheycanfitinsidetheir

mouth.48.___________

Aco-authorofthenewstudy,RickShine,aprofessorattheUniversityofSydney,saysthatlittle

attentionhasbeengiventotheproblemsthattoadsface.Rickandhiscolleaguesstudiednearly50()toads

fromQueenslandandtheNorthernTerritoryandfoundthatthoseinthelatterstatewereverydifferent.They

wereactive,sprintingdownroadsandbreedingquickly.

Accordingtotheresultsofthestudy,thefastesttoadstravelnearlyonekilometreanight.

49.Butspeedandstrengthcomeataprice-arthritisofthelegsandbackbonedueto

constantpressureplacedonthem.

Inlaboratorytests,theresearchersfoundthatafterabout15minutesofhopping,arthritictoadswould

travellessdistancewitheachhop.50.Thesetoadsaresoprogrammedtomove,apparently,

thatevenwheninpainthetoadstravelledasfastandasfarasthehealthyones,continuingtheirrelentless

marchacrossthelandscape.

A.Toadsarenotbuilttoberoadrunners-theyarebuilttositaroundpondsandwetarea.

B.Thetasknowfacingthecountryishowtoremovethetoads.

C.Furthermore,theysoontakeoverthenaturalhabitatsofAustralia'snativespecies.

D.Toadswithlongerlegsmovefasterandtravellongerdistances,whiletheothersarebeingleftbehind.

E.Butthisadvantagealsohasabigdrawback-upto10%ofthebiggesttoadssufferfromarthritis.

F.Butarthritisdidn'tslowdowntoadsoutsidethelaboratory,theresearchersfound.

第6部分：完形填空（第51-65題，每題1分，共15分）

下面的短文有15處空白，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

BetterSolarEnergySystems:MoreHeat,MoreLight

Solarphotovoltaicthermalenergysystems,orPVTs,generatebothheatandelectricity,but(51)

nowtheyhaven'tbeenverygoodattheheat-generatingpartcomparedtoastand-alonesolarthermal

collector.Thafsbecausetheyoperateatlowtemperaturestocoolcrystallinesiliconsolarcells,(52)

letsthesilicongeneratemoreelectricitybutisn'taveryefficientwaytogatherheat.

That'saproblemofeconomics.Goodsolarhot-watersystemscanharvestmuchmoreenergythana

solar-electricsystematasubstantiallylower(53).Andit'salsoaspaceproblem:photovoltaiccellscan

(54)upallthespaceontheroof,leavinglittleroomforthermalapplications.

Inapairofstudies,JoshuaPearce,anassociateprofessorofmaterialsscienceandengineering,has

deviseda(55)intheformofabetterPVTmadewithadifferentkindofsilicon.Hisresearch

collaboratorsareKunalGirotrafromThinSiliconinCaliforniaandMichaelPathakandStephenHarrison

fromQueen'sUniversity,Canada.