2024年春季鄂東南省級示范高中教育教學(xué)改革聯(lián)盟學(xué)校期中聯(lián)考高二英語試卷試卷滿分：150分第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18!C.￡9.15.答案是C。1Whywilltheboygethomelate?A.HedidhishomeworkatJohn'shouse.B.Heplayedfootballwithhisfriends.C.Heisbeingcaughtinthetraffic.2Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Weekendactivities.B.Clubs.C.Homework.3.Whatistheweathergoingtobeliketomorrow?A.Cloudy.B.Sunny.C.Rainy.4.Whatwillthemankeep?A.Thesuit.B.Theshirt.C.Thehat.5.Whatwillthemandothisafternoon?A.Playputergames.B.Playbasketball.C.Playtennis.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘，聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6WhatdidRobertolearnintheCanadianArmedForces?A.Language.B.Music.C.Cooking.9.HowmanyyearswasRobertointhearmy?A.5.B.10.C.11.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Thehairstyle.B.Thetestresult.C.Theparttimejob.9.HowisAndi?A.Delightful.B.Surprised.C.Grateful.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatdoesthedoctorremindthewomantodo?A.Eatmealsintime.B.Drinkmorewater.C.Takethemedicines.11、Whatwillthewomandotomorrow?A.Restathome.B.Haveanexam.C.Seethedoctoragain.12.What'swrongwiththewoman?A.Shecouldn'tsleepwell.B.Shehadaheadache.C.Shehadabackpain.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WheredidPetervisitthenextmorning?A.Acastle.B.Asmallbeach.C.Anisland.14.WhatdidPeterplaywithhisbrother?A.Basketball.B.Volleyball.C.Football.15.Whydidn'tPeterbuyasurfingboard?A.Becauseit'stooheavy.B.Becauseitcostalot.C.Becausehedoesn'tlikeit.16.WhendidPetergoshopping?A.Onthefourthday.B.Onthethirdday.C.Onthesecondday.聽第10段材料.回答第17至20題。17.HowdidthespeakerfeelwhenBettinafirstarrived?A.ShethoughtBettinawashardworking.B.ShewashappytohaveBettinastay.C.SheenviedBettina'sgoodlooks.18.WhyisBettinalivingwiththespeaker'sfamilyinPorchester?A.Herfatherisinhospitalthere.B.Sheisstudyingthere.C.Shehasajobthere.19.Whatworriesthespeaker?A.Shecan'tgetalongwithBettina.B.Herparentsdisbelieveher.C.Bettina'sdadisbadlyill.20.WhatdoweknowaboutBettina?A.Sheworksparttimeinacinema.B.SheoftenhelpsinJade'shouse.C.Shetakescareofherfather.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)；（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AFourNaturalWondersPoásVolcano,CostaRicaSittingmorethan2,707metresabovesealevel,PoásVolcanohasbeenactiveforhundredsofyears.Visitorscanstillgetupcloseandpersonalwithitatthenationalparkwhereit’slocated(withareservation).Tips:Dresswarmandbringanumbrella,asrainfallismonatthetopofthemountainduetounpredictableweatherconditions.MountOtemanu,BoraBoraMountOtemanuisthemainattractiononBoraBora,anislandfirstmadepopularduringWorldWarI.Themassivemountain,whichstands727metresabovethelagoonofBoraBora,isnowtheperfectbackdropfordreamyTahitiansunsets.Afewoftheluxuryresortsontheislandwhichoffergreatviewsofthemountainhavebeehotspotsforhoneymooners.GrandCanyon,USAArizonahasnoshortageofimpressivemountainsandsweepingviews,buttheGrandCanyonishandsdownoneofthemostdiversegeologicalwondersinthestate.Visitorshaveseveraloptionstoexperiencethebeautyhere:adventureseekerscanenjoyanaerialviewfromahelicopterridethroughthecanyonsorgowhitewaterraftingdowntheColouradoRiver.Cappadocia,TurkeyYoumayhaveseenfascinatingphotosofcolourfulhotairballoonsagainstamagicallandscapeofruggedcliffs,valleysandtowerscarvedintotherocks.It’shardtobelievethisplaceisrealbutitisandit’sinCappadocia!Foragoodpositionoverlookingthelandscapeofthisnaturalwonder,checkoutUchisarCastleorrideduringsunriseinahotairballoon.1.WhatwillvisitorsdoiftheywanttoseePoásVolcanocloseby?A.Noticeweatherchanges. B.Takeanumbrella.C.Putonwarmclothes. D.Bookinadvance.2.Wherewillanewlywedcouplelikelygo?A.PoásVolcano. B.BoraBora.C.GrandCanyon. D.Cappadocia.3.Whichtwoplacescanbeviewedfromhighabove?A.PoásVolcanoandMountOtemanu. B.PoásVolcanoandGrandCanyon.C.GrandCanyonandCappadocia. D.MountOtemanuandCappadocia.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹的是四大自然奇觀的相關(guān)情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PoásVolcano,CostaRica部分的“Visitorscanstillgetupcloseandpersonalwithitatthenationalparkwhereit’slocated(withareservation).(游客仍然可以在它所在的國家公園近距離接觸它（需要預(yù)訂）)”可知，如果游客想近距離看Poás火山，他們可以預(yù)定。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MountOtemanu,BoraBora部分的“Afewoftheluxuryresortsontheislandwhichoffergreatviewsofthemountainhavebeehotspotsforhoneymooners.(島上的一些豪華度假勝地可以欣賞到美麗的山景，已成為度蜜月的熱門地點(diǎn))”可知，新婚夫婦可能會(huì)去BoraBora。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GrandCanyon,USA部分的“Visitorshaveseveraloptionstoexperiencethebeautyhere:adventureseekerscanenjoyanaerialviewfromahelicopterridethroughthecanyonsorgowhitewaterraftingdowntheColouradoRiver.(游客有多種選擇來體驗(yàn)這里的美景：喜歡冒險(xiǎn)的人可以從直升機(jī)上俯瞰峽谷，或者在科羅拉多河上泛舟)”和Cappadocia,Turkey部分的“Foragoodpositionoverlookingthelandscapeofthisnaturalwonder,checkoutUchisarCastleorrideduringsunriseinahotairballoon.(想要一個(gè)俯瞰這個(gè)自然奇觀的好位置，可以看看Uchisar城堡，或者在日出時(shí)乘坐熱氣球)”可知，GrandCanyon和Cappadocia這兩個(gè)地方都可以從高處俯瞰。故選C。BGrammyAwardsdon’tonlygotothepeoplewhoproduceandperformsongs.Forjustoveradecade,they’vealsobeengivenouttothosewhoteachothershowtomakemusic.TheMusicEducatorAward,presentedbytheRecordingAcademyandGrammyMuseum,recognizesthosewhohavemadea“significantcontributionanddemonstratedevotiontomusiceducation”.ThisyearitwenttoAnnieRay,theperformingartsdepartmentchairandorchestradirectoratAnnandaleHighSchoolinFairfaxCounty,Virginia.Shewashonoredforhereffortstomakemusicaccessibletoallstudents,particularlythosewithdisabilities.RaygottoattendtheawardsceremonyinLosAngeles,takeselfieswithpopstarsandbringhomebotha$10,000prizeandmatchinggrantforherschool’smusicprogram.RaycreatedtheCrescendoOrchestra(管弦樂隊(duì))forstudentswithsevereintellectualanddevelopmentaldisabilities,aswellasaparentorchestrathatteachesnearly200caregiversayeartoplaythesameinstrumentastheirchild.ShewasinspiredinlargepartbythediversityoftheAnnandalemunity,whichshesaysrepresentsover60countries,includingmanyimmigrants.“There’sa.lotofculturesthatmighttypicallyclash,andtheyetogetherinthisverybeautifulharmony,”Rayexplained.“Andthat’sreallyuniquelyexpressedintheorchestraclassroom,wherewe’rejustallmusicingtogether.”RaysaystheCrescendoOrchestra,whichwasbornoutofthepandemic,doesn’tnecessarilysharethesocialgoalsofaprogramliketheSpecialOlympics.Thefocusisonteachingstudentshowtoplayaninstrument,throughoneononeinstructiontailoredtotheirneeds.Thatinvolvestoolslikemusicscarves,eggshakers,rhythmsticksandcardboardinstruments.Rayalsoworkswithalocalcharitytogivedamagedinstrumentsasecondlifeinherclassroom.Theorchestraisaboutmuchmorethanjustmakingmusic,however.Raysaystheprogramgivesstudentsachancetodeveloptheircollaborationskills,makemistakesandlearntheartofrefiningsomething.4.WhichofthefollowingisthereasonforAnnieRay’swinningaGrammy?A.Herdeterminedefforttomakemusic. B.Hercontributiontothehighschool.C.Hermitmenttomusiceducation. D.Herexcellenceinperformingsongs.5.WhatmainlyprovidedinspirationforRay?A.Herenthusiasmforinstructingmusic. B.Thediverseculturesofthemunity.C.HerburningdesiretowinaGrammy. D.Theseveredisabilitiesofherstudents.6.AccordingtoRay,whatisthepurposeoftheCrescendoOrchestra?A.Tofixdamagedinstrumentsforalocalcharity.B.Tohelpstudentstofacethepandemicbravely.C.Tomakestudentsfamiliarwithmusicdevices.D.Togivestudentsneedcentredmusicteaching.7.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AmusicteacherwonaGrammy B.AmusicteacherchangedlivesC.AGrammywinnertookselfies D.AGrammyceremonywasheld【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。音樂教育家獎(jiǎng)由美國唱片學(xué)院和格萊美博物館頒發(fā)，旨在表彰那些“對音樂教育做出重大貢獻(xiàn)并表現(xiàn)出奉獻(xiàn)精神”的人，今年的獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)呤歉ゼ醽喼葙M(fèi)爾法克斯縣安納代爾高中表演藝術(shù)系主席兼管弦樂隊(duì)總監(jiān)安妮·雷。文章對此進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)報(bào)道?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“TheMusicEducatorAward,presentedbytheRecordingAcademyandGrammyMuseum,recognizesthosewhohavemadea“significantcontributionanddemonstratedevotiontomusiceducation”.(音樂教育家獎(jiǎng)由美國唱片學(xué)院和格萊美博物館頒發(fā)，旨在表彰那些“對音樂教育做出重大貢獻(xiàn)并表現(xiàn)出奉獻(xiàn)精神”的人)”和第二段第一句“ThisyearitwenttoAnnieRay,theperformingartsdepartmentchairandorchestradirectoratAnnandaleHighSchoolinFairfaxCounty,Virginia.(今年的獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)呤歉ゼ醽喼葙M(fèi)爾法克斯縣安納代爾高中表演藝術(shù)系主席兼管弦樂隊(duì)總監(jiān)安妮·雷)”可知，安妮·雷獲得格萊美獎(jiǎng)的原因是她對音樂教育的奉獻(xiàn)。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“ShewasinspiredinlargepartbythediversityoftheAnnandalemunity,whichshesaysrepresentsover60countries,includingmanyimmigrants.(她的靈感很大程度上來自安南代爾社區(qū)的多樣性，她說這個(gè)社區(qū)代表了60多個(gè)國家，其中包括許多移民)”可知，雷的靈感主要來自于社區(qū)的文化多樣性。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“RaysaystheCrescendoOrchestra,whichwasbornoutofthepandemic,doesn’tnecessarilysharethesocialgoalsofaprogramliketheSpecialOlympics.Thefocusisonteachingstudentshowtoplayaninstrument,throughoneononeinstructiontailoredtotheirneeds.(雷說，在疫情中誕生的漸強(qiáng)交響樂團(tuán)不一定與特奧會(huì)這樣的項(xiàng)目有共同的社會(huì)目標(biāo)。重點(diǎn)是教學(xué)生如何演奏樂器，通過一對一的指導(dǎo)，量身定制他們的需求)”可知，漸強(qiáng)交響樂團(tuán)的目的是為學(xué)生提供以需求為中心的音樂教學(xué)。故選D?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“GrammyAwardsdon’tonlygotothepeoplewhoproduceandperformsongs.Forjustoveradecade,they’vealsobeengivenouttothosewhoteachothershowtomakemusic.TheMusicEducatorAward,presentedbytheRecordingAcademyandGrammyMuseum,recognizesthosewhohavemadea“significantcontributionanddemonstratedevotiontomusiceducation”.(格萊美獎(jiǎng)不只是頒給那些制作和演唱歌曲的人。十多年來，他們也被授予那些教別人如何制作音樂的人。音樂教育家獎(jiǎng)由美國唱片學(xué)院和格萊美博物館頒發(fā)，旨在表彰那些“對音樂教育做出重大貢獻(xiàn)并表現(xiàn)出奉獻(xiàn)精神”的人。)”和第二段第一句“ThisyearitwenttoAnnieRay,theperformingartsdepartmentchairandorchestradirectoratAnnandaleHighSchoolinFairfaxCounty,Virginia.(今年的獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)呤歉ゼ醽喼葙M(fèi)爾法克斯縣安納代爾高中表演藝術(shù)系主席兼管弦樂隊(duì)總監(jiān)安妮·雷)”可知，文章主要講述的是今年一名音樂老師獲得了格萊美獎(jiǎng)。由此可知，AmusicteacherwonaGrammy適合作本文標(biāo)題。故選A。CSummerseaiceintheArcticcouldmeltalmostpletelybythe2030s—roughlyadecadeearlierthanprojected—evenifhumanscutbackdrasticallyongreenhousegasemissions,newresearchsuggests.Anicefreesummer,alsocalleda“blueoceanevent”,willhappenwhentheseaicedropsbelowonemillionsquarekilometers,writesJonathanBamber,aprofessorofphysicalgeographyattheUniversityofBristol,intheConversation.Previousassessmentsusingmodelshaveestimatedanicefreesummerunderhighandintermediateemissionsscenariosby2050.Butresearchersnoticeddifferencesbetweenwhatclimatemodelspredictedaboutwhatwouldhappentoseaiceandwhatthey’veactuallyseenthroughobservations.“Themodels,onaverage,underestimateseaicedeclineparedwithobservations,”saysNathanGillett,anEnvironmentandClimateChangeCanadascientist.Now,inanewstudypublishedinNaturemunications,Gillettandhisteammateschangedthesemodelstomorecloselyfitsatellitedatacollectedoverthepast40years.Usingtheseadaptedmodels,theresearchersprojectedicechangesunderdifferentpossiblelevelsofgreenhousegasemissions.Theirpapersuggeststhatregardlessoftheemissionsscenario,“wemayexperienceanunprecedentedicefreeArcticclimateinthenextdecadeortwo.”Whileseaicenaturallydecreasesinthesummerandrefreezesduringthewinter,summericecoveragehassteadilybeendecliningoverthepastfewdecadesbecauseofclimatechange.AndArcticicemeltinghappensfasteritself—asicedisappears,itexposesmoreofthedarkblueocean,whichabsorbsmoreheatandleadstomoremelting.Thisprocesshasledtotheregionwarmingnearlyfourtimesfasterthantherestoftheglobesince1979.Seaicedeclinecouldhavedisastrousconsequencesthatextendtotherestoftheplanet,includingsealevelriseanddisturbancetoweatherpatternsandecosystems.AnimalslikepolarbearsandsealsthatrelyonArcticicetosurvivecouldbeplacedatrisk.8.Accordingtothenewresearch,whatwillhappenconcerningsummerseaiceintheArctic?A.Itspletemeltingmayoccurearlierthanexpected.B.Itsvanishingonceandforallwillbeinlessthan10years.C.Itsdroppingwillgiverisetosocalled“blueoceanevent”.D.Itsmeltingcanbepreventedingreenhousegasemissions.9.Whateffortdidtheresearchersmakeafterfiguringouttheproblemofthepreviousassessments?A.Theyabandonedtheattempttousemodels.B.Theycollectedsatellitedataoverthepast40years.CTheyadaptedthemodelstobeconsistentwiththeactualcases.D.TheypredictedaccuratelyicechangesinregionsoftheArctic.10.Howisthelastparagraphbutonedeveloped?A.Bylistingstatistics. B.Bygivingdefinitions.C.Bymakingaparison. D.Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.11.Whatmessagemaythetextbetryingtoconveytoreaders?A.Prideesbeforeafall. B.Manproposes,goddisposes.C.Agoodbeginningishalfdone. D.Ifthelipsaregone,theteethwillbecold.【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，即使人類大幅減少溫室氣體排放，北極夏季海冰也可能在本世紀(jì)30年代幾乎完全融化，比預(yù)計(jì)的時(shí)間提前了大約10年。文章對此進(jìn)行了介紹。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“SummerseaiceintheArcticcouldmeltalmostpletelybythe2030s—roughlyadecadeearlierthanprojected—evenifhumanscutbackdrasticallyongreenhousegasemissions,newresearchsuggests.(一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，即使人類大幅減少溫室氣體排放，北極夏季海冰也可能在本世紀(jì)30年代幾乎完全融化，比預(yù)計(jì)的時(shí)間提前了大約10年)”可知，根據(jù)這項(xiàng)新的研究，北極夏季海冰的完全融化可能比預(yù)期發(fā)生得更早。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Now,inanewstudypublishedinNaturemunications,Gillettandhisteammateschangedthesemodelstomorecloselyfitsatellitedatacollectedoverthepast40years.(現(xiàn)在，在《自然通訊》上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)新研究中，吉列特和他的隊(duì)友們改變了這些模型，以更接近過去40年收集的衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù))”可知，在找出之前評估的問題后，研究人員對模型進(jìn)行了調(diào)整，使其與實(shí)際情況一致。故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Whileseaicenaturallydecreasesinthesummerandrefreezesduringthewinter,summericecoveragehassteadilybeendecliningoverthepastfewdecadesbecauseofclimatechange.(雖然海冰在夏季自然減少，并在冬季重新凍結(jié)，但由于氣候變化，夏季冰層覆蓋在過去幾十年中一直在穩(wěn)步下降)”可知，第一句分析夏季冰層一直下降的原因，根據(jù)第二句到最后一句“AndArcticicemeltinghappensfasteritself—asicedisappears,itexposesmoreofthedarkblueocean,whichabsorbsmoreheatandleadstomoremelting.Thisprocesshasledtotheregionwarmingnearlyfourtimesfasterthantherestoftheglobesince1979.(而且北極冰融化的速度也更快——隨著冰的消失，更多的深藍(lán)色海洋暴露出來，吸收更多的熱量，導(dǎo)致更多的融化。自1979年以來，這一過程導(dǎo)致該地區(qū)的變暖速度幾乎是全球其他地區(qū)的四倍)”可知，第二段到最后一句分析北極冰融化速度加快帶來的影響——加速變暖，導(dǎo)致更多的融化。由此推知，倒第二段是通過分析原因和影響來展開的。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Seaicedeclinecouldhavedisastrousconsequencesthatextendtotherestoftheplanet,includingsealevelriseanddisturbancetoweatherpatternsandecosystems.AnimalslikepolarbearsandsealsthatrelyonArcticicetosurvivecouldbeplacedatrisk.(海冰的減少可能會(huì)對地球的其他地區(qū)造成災(zāi)難性的后果，包括海平面上升和對天氣模式和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的干擾。北極熊和海豹等依賴北極冰層生存的動(dòng)物可能會(huì)處于危險(xiǎn)之中)”可推知，文章想要告訴讀者冰的減少可能會(huì)對地球的其他地區(qū)造成災(zāi)難性的后果，唇亡齒寒。故選D。DAsimplesponge(海綿)hasimprovedhowrobotsgrasp,scientistsfromtheUniversityofBristolhavefound.Thiseasytomakedevicecanhelpstiffrobotshandledelicateitemscarefullybymimickingthetouch,orvariablestiffness,ofahuman.Robotscanskipandjump,butthey’retoorigidtoholdaneggeasily.Variablestiffnessdevicesarepotentialsolutionsforreducingdamagetohardrobots,orforimprovingtheloadcapacityofsoftrobots.Thisstudy,publishedattheIEEEInternationalConferenceonRoboticsandAutomation(ICRA)2023,showsthatvariablestiffnesscanbeachievedbyasilicone(硅膠)sponge.LeadauthorTianqiYuefromtheUniversityofBristolexplained,“oboticarmsaretoorigid(僵硬的)sotheycannotmakesuchasofthumanlikegraspondelicateobjects,forexample,anegg.Whatmakeshumansdifferentfromroboticarmsisthatwehavesofttissuesenclosingrigidbones,whichactasanaturalmitigating(緩和的)mechanism.Inthispaper,wemanagedtodevelopasoftdevicewithvariablestiffness,tobemountedontheendofaroboticarmtomaketherobotobjectcontactsafe.”Siliconespongeisjustlikethecleaningspongeusedineverydaytasks.Bypressingthesponge,thespongestiffens,whichiswhyitcanbetransformedintoavariablestiffnessdevice.Thisdevicecouldbeusedinindustrialrobotsandservicerobotstomakehumanrobotinteractionsafer.MrYueadded,“Wemanagedtouseaspongetomakeacheapbuteffectivedevicethatcanhelprobotsachievesoftcontactwithobjects.Thegreatpotentialesfromitslowcostandlightweight.Webelievethissiliconespongebasedvariablestiffnessdevicewillprovideanovelsolutioninindustryandhealthcare.”Theteamwillnowlookatmakingthedeviceachievevariablestiffnessinmultipledirections.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph1probablymean?A.Stimulating. B.Imitating. C.Restoring. D.Demonstrating.13.Whichofthefollowingrobotscanbedealtwithbyavariablestiffnessdevice?A.Robotsthatareunabletograspobjects.B.Robotsthataretoorigidtoskipandjump.C.Robotsthatareincapableofgettingaround.D.Robotsthatlackthecapacitytograspfragilestuff.14.Whyissiliconespongeselectedtobeanidealsolution?A.Ithasnaturalsofttissues.B.Itisinexpensiveandlightweight.C.Itcanhelprobotsachievecontactwithobjects.D.Itcanfunctionasacleaninginstrumentoncepressed.15.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Topersuade. B.Toentertain. C.Toeducate. D.Toinform.【答案】12.B13.D14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種可以幫助機(jī)器人處理易碎的物品的裝置，裝置是通過硅膠海綿海綿制作的。介紹了其特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Thiseasytomakedevicecanhelpstiffrobotshandledelicateitemscarefullyby”以及后文“thetouch,orvariablestiffness,ofahuman”可知，這個(gè)易于制作的裝置可以幫助僵硬的機(jī)器人通過模仿人類的觸摸或可變剛度來小心地處理易碎的物品。故劃線詞意思是“模仿”。故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Robotscanskipandjump,butthey’retoorigidtoholdaneggeasily.Variablestiffnessdevicesarepotentialsolutionsforreducingdamagetohardrobots,orforimprovingtheloadcapacityofsoftrobots.(機(jī)器人可以跳來跳去，但它們太僵硬了，不能輕易握住雞蛋。變剛度裝置是減少硬機(jī)器人損傷或提高軟機(jī)器人負(fù)載能力的潛在解決方案)”可知，缺乏抓易碎物品能力的機(jī)器人可以用變剛度裝置來處理。故選D?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Wemanagedtouseaspongetomakeacheapbuteffectivedevicethatcanhelprobotsachievesoftcontactwithobjects.Thegreatpotentialesfromitslowcostandlightweight.(我們設(shè)法用海綿制造了一種廉價(jià)但有效的設(shè)備，可以幫助機(jī)器人與物體實(shí)現(xiàn)柔軟接觸。巨大的潛力來自于它的低成本和輕重量)”可知，選擇硅膠海綿作為理想的解決方案因?yàn)榧缺阋擞州p便。故選B。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Asimplesponge(海綿)hasimprovedhowrobotsgrasp,scientistsfromtheUniversityofBristolhavefound.Thiseasytomakedevicecanhelpstiffrobotshandledelicateitemscarefullybymimickingthetouch,orvariablestiffness,ofahuman.(布里斯托爾大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，一塊簡單的海綿改善了機(jī)器人的抓取能力。這個(gè)易于制作的裝置可以幫助僵硬的機(jī)器人通過模仿人類的觸摸或可變剛度來小心地處理易碎的物品)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了一種可以幫助機(jī)器人處理易碎的物品的裝置，裝置是通過硅膠海綿海綿制作的。介紹了其特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢?？芍恼碌哪康氖歉嬷?。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Taichiisawellnesspracticethatbinesslow,gentlemovementsandpostureswithmindfulness.____16____.Asatraditional,slowmovingformofChinesemartialart,taichiisknowntoincreaseflexibilityandimprovebalance.Now,newresearchsuggestsit’sbetterthanmorevigorousaerobicexercisesforloweringbloodpressureinpeoplewithprehypertension(高血壓前期).Inthestudy,researchersinChinarandomlyassigned342adultswithprehypertensiontooneoftwointerventions.Roughlyhalfthepeopleparticipatedinaerobicexercise,includingjogging,climbingstairsandcycling.____17____Bothgroupsgothourlongsessionsfourtimesaweek.After12months,thoseinthetaichigroupsawbiggerdropsintheirbloodpressurethanthoseintheaerobicexercisegroup.What’smore,nearly22%ofthepeoplewhopracticedtaichisawtheirbloodpressurefalltowithinnormalrange.____18____Andfewerpatientsinthetaichigroupwentontodevelophighbloodpressure.____19____Thepracticetendstoelicit(引起)moreofaresponsefromtheparasympatheticnervoussystem(副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng))thatrelaxesyourbodyafterperiodsofstressordanger,saysRuthTaylorPiliae,aprofessorattheUniversityofArizona’sCollegeofNursing.Taichiisappealingasaformofexercisebecauseitislowimpactandrequireslittlespaceorequipment.“Ithinkthebeautyoftaichiisthatyoudon’thavetohaveaspecialgymmembershiporspecialclohing,“TaylorPiliaesays.“Onceyoulearntaichi,youcandoitanytime,anyplace,anywhere.____20____”A.Itcanhelpreduceanxiety.B.Theotherhalfwastrainedtopracticetaichi.C.It’softencalledmeditation(冥想)inmotion.D.Sowhydoestaichigaininpopularityamongpeople?E.Sowhatisitabouttaichithathelpslowerbloodpressure?F.Bycontrast,thatnumberwas16%intheaerobicexercisegroup.G.Butyouhavetopracticeitconsistentlytogainthemostbenefit.【答案】16.C17.B18.F19.E20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章首先介紹了太極拳的基本特點(diǎn)及其對身心健康的益處，然后通過一項(xiàng)新的研究進(jìn)一步說明太極拳對降低高血壓前期人群血壓的積極作用?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Taichiisawellnesspracticethatbinesslow,gentlemovementsandpostureswithmindfulness.(太極拳是一種健康練習(xí)，它結(jié)合了緩慢、溫和的動(dòng)作和姿勢以及正念。)”可知，上文描述了太極拳的特點(diǎn)，即結(jié)合了緩慢、輕柔的動(dòng)作和姿勢與專注力。接下來的句子應(yīng)該是對太極拳這一特點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步解釋或補(bǔ)充。C項(xiàng)：It’softencalledmeditation(冥想)inmotion.(它通常被稱為運(yùn)動(dòng)冥想。)符合語境。故選C?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Inthestudy,researchersinChinarandomlyassigned342adultswithprehypertensiontooneoftwointerventions.Roughlyhalfthepeopleparticipatedinaerobicexercise,includingjogging,climbingstairsandcycling.(在這項(xiàng)研究中，中國的研究人員隨機(jī)將342名患有高血壓前期的成年人分為兩組。大約一半的人參加了有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)，包括慢跑、爬樓梯和騎自行車。)”可知，空處指出另一半?yún)⒓友芯康娜说母深A(yù)方式，并且與太極拳有關(guān)。B項(xiàng)：Theotherhalfwastrainedtopracticetaichi.(另一半被訓(xùn)練去練太極。)符合語境。故選B。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上文“After12months,thoseinthetaichigroupsawbiggerdropsintheirbloodpressurethanthoseintheaerobicexercisegroup.What’smore,nearly22%ofthepeoplewhopracticedtaichisawtheirbloodpressurefalltowithinnormalrange.(12個(gè)月后，太極拳組的血壓下降幅度大于有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)組。更重要的是，近22%的練太極的人血壓降到了正常范圍內(nèi)。)”可知，空處承接上文，指出有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)組的結(jié)果。F項(xiàng)：Bycontrast,thatnumberwas16%intheaerobicexercisegroup.(相比之下，有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)組的這個(gè)數(shù)字是16%。)符合語境。故選F?！?9題詳解】空處是段落主旨句。根據(jù)下文“Thepracticetendstoelicit(引起)moreofaresponsefromtheparasympatheticnervoussystem(副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng))thatrelaxesyourbodyafterperiodsofstressordanger,saysRuthTaylorPiliae,aprofessorattheUniversityofArizona’sCollegeofNursing.(亞利桑那大學(xué)護(hù)理學(xué)院教授拉特·泰勒皮利亞說，這種做法往往會(huì)引起副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的更多反應(yīng)，在經(jīng)歷了一段時(shí)間的壓力或危險(xiǎn)后，這種反應(yīng)會(huì)放松你的身體。)”可知，本段主要講述了太極拳如何幫助降低血壓。E項(xiàng)：Sowhatisitabouttaichithathelpslowerbloodpressure?(那么，太極拳到底是怎么幫助降低血壓的呢？)符合語境。故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Taichiisappealingasaformofexercisebecauseitislowimpactandrequireslittlespaceorequipment.“Ithinkthebeautyoftaichiisthatyoudon’thavetohaveaspecialgymmembershiporspecialclohing,“TaylorPiliaesays.“Onceyoulearntaichi,youcandoitanytime,anyplace,anywhere.(太極拳作為一種運(yùn)動(dòng)形式很有吸引力，因?yàn)樗臎_擊力小，需要的空間和設(shè)備也很少。泰勒皮利亞說:“我認(rèn)為太極拳的美妙之處在于，你不需要有特殊的健身房會(huì)員資格或特殊的服裝?！薄耙坏┠銓W(xué)會(huì)了太極，你就可以在任何時(shí)間、任何地點(diǎn)、任何地方練習(xí)。)”可知，最后一段強(qiáng)調(diào)了太極拳作為鍛煉形式的吸引力，提到了其低影響和無需特殊設(shè)備或空間的特點(diǎn)。G項(xiàng)：Butyouhavetopracticeitconsistentlytogainthemostbenefit.(但是你必須堅(jiān)持練習(xí)才能獲得最大的好處。)是對這一點(diǎn)的補(bǔ)充，強(qiáng)調(diào)了持續(xù)練習(xí)的重要性，符合語境。故選G。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。IwasonholidayintheDominicanRepublic____21____thehotelofferedmeatrialscubadive(水肺潛水).ItwassomethingI’dalways____22____,soIgaveitago.Thefirstsessionwasextremelyshortbut,____23____,itwasenoughtimetofamiliarizetheequipment.After____24____it,Iwasalarmedatsuddenlybeingin____25____ofwhatwecan’t____26____without—air.Butactually,it’snodifferentfromdrivingacar.Youhaveanairgauge(氣壓表)foryourtank,whichyouwatch____27____itwerethefuelsupply.Thatsessionwas____28____byadiveinthesea.Iwastakentenmetersdownand,despitebeingfollowedbyaguide,Ihadthegreatestfeelingof____29____inthispletelysilentworld.IknewthenthatIwantedtotakeupthisnewhobbyseriously.SoafterflyingbacktoEngland,IstartedaDivingSkills____30____.A____31____camefourmonthslaterwhenIdidanopenwaterdiveataplacecalledGrangewaters.WhenIwentin,itwasfullofblackmud,soIcouldn’tseeanything.BythenIhaddoneallthetheory,I____32____andfoundmywayoutfinally.Now,I____33____scubadivingatatopdivecenter.It’sso____34____,especiallywhenyoumeetsomeonewhohasdonetheirfirstdive—theyhavediscoveredanexcitingnewworldwithout____35____,aworldIlovesomuch.21.A.until B.unless C.before D.when22.A.ignore B.desire C.analyze D.tolerate23.A.intentionally B.unfortunately C.surprisingly D.desperately24.A.puttingon B.takingoff C.pickingup D.takingapart25.A.charge B.favor C.memory D.search26.A.react B.survive C.faint D.escape27.A.asif B.eventhough C.nowthat D.giventhat28.A.disturbed B.instructed C.followed D.defined29.A.grief B.freedom C.panic D.joy30.A.experiment B.course C.presentation D.game31.A.signal B.failure C.passion D.shock32.A.calmeddown B.lookedup C.ranoff D.rolledover33.A.skip B.restrict C.await D.teach34.A.skilful B.specific C.satisfying D.awkward35.A.diving B.cars C.mud D.boundaries【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.A25.A26.B27.A28.C29.B30.B31.D32.A33.D34.C35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在多米尼加共和國度假時(shí)參加了酒店提供的水肺潛水嘗試，從此愛上了潛水，在完成了水肺潛水課程后，在一家頂級潛水中心教水肺潛水，作者對這份工作非常滿意?！?1題詳解】考查連接詞詞義辨析。句意：我在多米尼加共和國度假時(shí)，酒店給我提供了一次水肺潛水嘗試。A.until直到；B.unless除非；C.before在……之前；D.when當(dāng)……時(shí)。根據(jù)“IwasonholidayintheDominicanRepublic”和“thehotelofferedmeatrialscubadive”可知，此處是指當(dāng)酒店給“我”提供了一次水肺潛水嘗試時(shí)。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這是我一直渴望的，所以我試了一下。A.ignore忽視；B.desire渴望；C.analyze分析；D.tolerate忍受。根據(jù)“soIgaveitago”可知，此處是指這是“我”一直渴望的。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：第一節(jié)課非常短，但令人驚訝的是，它有足夠的時(shí)間來熟悉設(shè)備。A.intentionally故意地；B.unfortunately不幸地；C.surprisingly令人驚訝的是；D.desperately絕望地。根據(jù)“Thefirstsessionwasextremelyshortbut”和“itwasenoughtimetofamiliarizetheequipment”可知，此處是指令人驚訝的是。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：穿上它后，我很吃驚，因?yàn)槲彝蝗徽乒苤覀儧]有就無法生存的東西——空氣。A.puttingon戴上；B.takingoff起飛；C.pickingup撿起；D.takingapart拆開。根據(jù)前文“itwasenoughtimetofamiliarizetheequipment”可知，此處是指穿上設(shè)備后。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：穿上它后，我很吃驚，因?yàn)槲彝蝗徽乒苤覀儧]有就無法生存的東西——空氣。A.charge掌管；B.