龍巖市2025年高中畢業(yè)班三月教學質量檢測英語試題(滿分：150分考試時間：120分鐘)注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號、座位號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C.1.WhendidthewomanplantothrowapartyforTracy?A.Onthe25th.B.Onthe26th.C.Onthe27th.2.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Joiningaband.B.Quittingaband.C.Formingaband.3.Whatwillthewomanseetonight?A.Amovie.B.Amatch.C.Aprogram.4.Wherewillthespeakersprobablygotogether?A.Arestaurant.B.Amall.C.Apark.5.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Canceltheappointment.B.Withdrawsomemoney.C.Confirmherbill.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Wheredoesthewomanprobablywork?A.Atadesignfirm.B.Ataprintingshop.C.Atashippingcompany.7.Whatwillthewomando?A.Apologizetotheclient.B.Sendouttheinvitations.C.Getthemeasurementscorrected.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whyarethespeakerstalkingaboutthecar?A.It’stheman’sfirstcar.B.It’sabrandnewcar.C.It’sunderrepair.9.Howdoesthemanfeelabouthisdecision?A.Regretful.B.Lucky.C.Determined.10.Whataspectofthecaristhemananxiousabout?A.Thegarage’sspacelimitation.B.Thecar’sspeedperformance.C.Thepotentialrepaircosts.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whoisprobablytheman?A.Astoremanager.B.Acityofficial.C.Atelevisionproducer.12.WhatprojectisBurrvilleCityCouncilinterestedin?A.Bicyclesharing.B.Healthandfitness.C.Trafficmanagement.13.WhatservicedoesBikeSolutionsConsultingoffer?A.Onlinecommercials.B.Exerciseprograms.C.TVcampaigns.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Workmates.B.Schoolmates.C.Teacherandstudent.15.Howdidthemanknowabouttheactivity?A.Fromafriend.B.Fromanarticle.C.Fromanorganizer.16.Whatdoweknowabouttheactivity?A.Itwillselectawinningteam.B.Ithasatimelimitoffivehours.C.Itwillbejoinedinbythreeteams.17.Whatdothespeakersdecidetodo?A.Gorockclimbing.B.Buyoutdoorequipment.C.Formtheirteam.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.Thebenefitsofgoodsleep.B.Thewaysofimprovingsleep.C.Theinfluenceofsleepenvironment.19.Howmanysubjectswereinvolvedinthestudy?A.20.B.40.C.60.20.WhatdoesDr.Zeeadvisepeopletodo?A.Sleepinthedark.B.Measurebloodsugarlevels.C.Reducetheuseofsleepmedicine.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ATheBestThingstoDoinFourUSStatesin2025IowaTheSurfBallroomisahistory-richvenuethat’splayedhosttomusiclegendslikeBuddyHolly.AllthatheritageiscelebratedannuallywiththeWinterDancePartythatcelebratesthestarsoftheBallroom’sgoldenage.TobeopenedinJuly,anewMusicEnrichmentandImmersiveCenterwilltakeadeepdiveintothissliceofmusicalhistory.NorthCarolinaDurhamhassomethingextrafor2025.ThenewBiscuits&Banjosfestivalwillleanintotheregion’smusicalheritage,whosetraditionsincludejazz,bluesandbluegrass.It’sthevisionofRhiannonGiddensandwilltakeplaceacrossurbanvenuesincludingthehistoricCarolinaTheatre.TennesseeFewplacesaremoreboundupwithElvisPresleythanMemphis,wheretherockerlivedformostofhisadultlife.Nosurprisethatthecitywillbe“allshookup”withcelebrationsforwhatwouldhavebeenPresley’s90thbirthday.ThingswillkickoffinJanuarywithlivemusicandthemedtours.Ifyoucan’tmakeitfortheJanuarycelebrations,theElvis90for90Exhibit,tellingtheKing’sstorythrough90ofhispersonaleffects,willlastallyear.VirginiaBristolwasthehostofthe“BristolSessions”—thosesessionsareoftencalledthe“bigbang”ofcountrymusic.TodaythepopularBristolRhythm&RootsReunionfestivaldrawsinternationalAmericanamusicfans.Rentacartoexploremoreofaheritagetrailthatjoinsupthemuseumsandhistoricvenuestellingthestate’smusicalstory.1.Whicheventistoexplorethelocalmusicaltraditions?A.TheWinterDanceParty. B.TheElvis90for90Exhibit.C.ThenewBiscuits&Banjosfestival. D.TheBristolRhythm&RootsReunionfestival.2.WhatisspecialaboutBristol?A.Ithousesjazzbands. B.Ithostsmusiclegends.C.It’scountrymusic’sbirthplace. D.Itfeaturessessionsofpopularmusic.3.Whoisthetextmorelikelyintendedfor?A.Music-lovingvisitors. B.Musiccomposers.C.Historymessengers. D.Travelagents.【答案】1.C2.C3.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了2025年在美國四個州即將舉行的與音樂相關的最佳活動，包括各個活動的特色、地點以及部分活動的歷史背景。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段“ThenewBiscuits&Banjosfestivalwillleanintotheregion’smusicalheritage,whosetraditionsincludejazz,bluesandbluegrass.(全新的“ThenewBiscuits&Banjos”音樂節(jié)將挖掘該地區(qū)的音樂遺產，這里的音樂傳統(tǒng)涵蓋了爵士樂、藍調以及藍草音樂。)”可知，ThenewBiscuits&Banjos音樂節(jié)將挖掘該地區(qū)包括爵士樂、藍調以及藍草音樂在內的音樂傳統(tǒng)。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章最后一段“Bristolwasthehostofthe“BristolSessions”——thosesessionsareoftencalledthe“bigbang”ofcountrymusic.(Bristol曾舉辦過“Bristol錄音會”——這些錄音會常被稱為鄉(xiāng)村音樂的“大爆炸”。)”可知，Bristol是鄉(xiāng)村音樂的重要起源地。故選C。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第一段“TobeopenedinJuly,anewMusicEnrichmentandImmersiveCenterwilltakeadeepdiveintothissliceofmusicalhistory.(今年7月即將開放的一個全新的音樂拓展與沉浸式體驗中心，將深入探究這段音樂歷史。)”、第二段“ThenewBiscuits&Banjosfestivalwillleanintotheregion’smusicalheritage,whosetraditionsincludejazz,bluesandbluegrass.(全新的“ThenewBiscuits&Banjos”音樂節(jié)將挖掘該地區(qū)的音樂遺產，這里的音樂傳統(tǒng)涵蓋了爵士樂、藍調以及藍草音樂。)”、第三段“ThingswillkickoffinJanuarywithlivemusicandthemedtours.(慶?；顒訉⒂?月以現場音樂表演和主題游覽拉開帷幕。)”以及最后一段“TodaythepopularBristolRhythm&RootsReunionfestivaldrawsinternationalAmericanamusicfans.(如今，備受歡迎的Bristol節(jié)奏與根源重聚音樂節(jié)吸引了來自世界各地的美國本土音樂愛好者。)”可知，文章主要介紹了2025年美國四個州的與音樂相關的活動和景點，包括沖浪舞廳的活動、新的音樂節(jié)、貓王誕辰90周年慶?；顒右约芭c鄉(xiāng)村音樂起源相關的活動等。這些活動和景點對于熱愛音樂的游客來說具有吸引力，他們可能會對這些音樂相關的內容感興趣并前往這些地方參觀游覽，所以該文本很可能是為他們準備的。故選A。BEnglish-languageeditionsoftwoentertainingandinsightfulnovels,CatCountryandMrMaandSon,writtenbyoneofChina’smostaccomplishednovelists,thelateLaoShe,willsoonbeonbookshelvesaroundthecountry.CatCountry,arguablyChina’sfirstventureintothefieldofsciencefiction,centersaroundaspacetravelerfromChinawhocrash-landsonanalienplanet,wherehediscoversacountryinhabitedentirelybyCatPeople.PulitzerPrize-winningjournalistandliterarycriticIanJohnsonsaysinthebook’sintroduction,LaoShestretcheshimselffurtherthanever,producingoneofthemostremarkable,complicatedandinsightfulnovelsofmodernChina.Thesarcastic(諷刺的)humorandmetaphoricalwritingarebelievedtobeinfluencedbythelateauthor’searlyexperiencesinLondon.LaoShetaughtChineseattheUniversityofLondon’sSchoolofOrientalStudiesfrom1924to1929,atimewhentheBritishstillviewedChinaandtheChinesewithstrongmixtureofdistrust,dismissiveness,guiltandfearaftertwoopiumwarsandtheBoxerRebellion(1900).ItwastherethathebeganhiscareerasawriterofpatrioticbutcomplexfictionsaboutcontemporaryChina,writesUniversityofLondon’sseniorChineseliteraturelecturerJuliaLovellintheintroductionofMrMaandSon,whocallsit“thefirstChinesenoveltofacedirectlyBritishracismtowardChina”.BasedonLaoShe’sLondonexperiences,thenoveldisplaystheMas’attemptstodealwiththedeeplyrootedculturalmisconceptionsby1920sEnglishsocietyaftertheymovetheretorunanantiquesshop.AstheygoaboutbuildingtheirnewlivesinLondonandstrivingtomaintainasenseofculturalself,theirownrelationshipsaretested.“Wefeltthatthesetwobooksofferafascinatinginsightintohowheworksandthinks,exploringChina’splaceintheworldandChina’sself-imagethroughevocative(喚起感情的)andbeautifulwritingthatisasrelevanttodayasitwaswhenitwasfirstwritteninthe1930s,”saysJoLusby,managingdirectorofPenguinChina.4.WhatdoesCatCountrystandasinChina’ssciencefiction?A.Apeak. B.Aturningpoint. C.Amiracle. D.Apilot.5.WhatdidLaoShe’sLondonexperiencecontributeto?A.Hiswritingstyle. B.Hiscareerasateacher.C.Hissenseoffamilyunity. D.HisprejudicetotheBritish.6.WhatmessageismainlyconveyedinMr.MaandSonaccordingtothetext?A.Businesschallenges. B.Cross-culturalconflicts.C.Tightbondsinfamily. D.ThebackwardnessofChina.7.InJoLusby’seyes,thetwobooks_______.A.highlightChina’ssocialconflicts B.establishLaoShe’sstatusinliteratureC.deepenLaoShe’sunderstandingofauthoring D.provideanangletolookintoChina’sidentity【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了中國著名作家老舍的兩部小說《貓城記》和《二馬》的英文版即將在全國書店上架，并通過引用多位評論家的觀點以及書籍內容概述，對這兩部作品進行了深入的介紹和評價。【4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段“CatCountry,arguablyChina’sfirstventureintothefieldofsciencefiction,centersaroundaspacetravelerfromChinawhocrash-landsonanalienplanet,wherehediscoversacountryinhabitedentirelybyCatPeople.(《貓城記》可以說是中國在科幻領域的首次嘗試，講述的是一位來自中國的太空旅行者迫降在一個外星星球上的故事。在這個星球上，他發(fā)現了一個完全由貓人居住的國家。)”可知，《貓城記》可以說是中國在科幻領域的首次嘗試，這里的“firstventure”表明它是中國科幻領域的先驅、開端，與選項D“pilot（試點，先驅）”意思相符。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第四段“Thesarcastic(諷刺的)humorandmetaphoricalwritingarebelievedtobeinfluencedbythelateauthor’searlyexperiencesinLondon.(人們認為，書中諷刺性的幽默和隱喻式的寫作手法受到了這位已故作家早年在倫敦經歷的影響。)”可知，老舍在倫敦的經歷對他作品中諷刺性的幽默和隱喻式的寫作手法產生了影響，即影響了他的寫作風格。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章倒數第二段“BasedonLaoShe’sLondonexperiences,thenoveldisplaystheMas’attemptstodealwiththedeeplyrootedculturalmisconceptionsby1920sEnglishsocietyaftertheymovetheretorunanantiquesshop.(以老舍在倫敦的經歷為基礎，這部小說展現了馬家父子搬到倫敦經營一家古玩店后，努力應對20世紀20年代英國社會根深蒂固的文化誤解的過程。)”可知，《二馬》這部小說以老舍在倫敦的經歷為基礎，展示了馬家父子搬到倫敦后，努力應對20世紀20年代英國社會根深蒂固的文化誤解的過程，這體現了跨文化沖突。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段““Wefeltthatthesetwobooksofferafascinatinginsightintohowheworksandthinks,exploringChina’splaceintheworldandChina’sself-imagethroughevocative(喚起感情的)andbeautifulwritingthatisasrelevanttodayasitwaswhenitwasfirstwritteninthe1930s,”saysJoLusby,managingdirectorofPenguinChina.(企鵝中國的董事總經理JoLusby表示：“我們認為，這兩本書讓人們得以深入了解老舍的創(chuàng)作方式和思維方式。他通過富有感染力且優(yōu)美的文字，探討了中國在世界上的地位以及中國的自我形象。這些文字在今天和20世紀30年代首次創(chuàng)作時一樣具有現實意義。”)”可知，JoLusby認為這兩本書通過富有感染力且優(yōu)美的文字，為探究老舍的創(chuàng)作方式和思維方式提供了一個有趣的視角，同時也探討了中國在世界上的地位以及中國的自我形象。也就是說這兩本書提供了一個看待中國身份的角度。故選D。CWinstonChurchilloncesaid,“Successconsistsofgoingfromfailuretofailurewithoutlossofenthusiasm.”It’soneofcountlessplatitudesclaimingthatfailureleadstosuccess.Butthere’sstrongevidencethatsuchaconceptiswrongheadedandcanleadtoterriblereal-worldconsequences,researcherssaidinanewreport.Infact,manypeopledonotlearnfromtheirfailures,andit’sstupidtoexpectotherwise,accordingtofindingspublishedJune10intheJournalofExperimentalPsychology:General.“Peopleoftenconfusewhatiswithwhatoughttobe,”leadresearcherLaurenEskreis-Winkler,anassistantprofessorofmanagementandorganizationsatNorthwesternUniversity,saidinanewsrelease.“Peopleoughttopayattentionandlearnfromfailure,butoftentheydon’tbecausefailureisdemotivatingandself-threatening.”Aseriesof11experimentsinvolvingmorethan1,800participantsfoundthatpeopleoftendon’tgainwisdomfromfailure,andthatexpectingthemtodosocanhavepotentiallyterribleconsequences:Peoplevastlyoverestimatedthepercentageofprospectivenurses,lawyersandteacherswhopasslicensingexamsafterpreviouslyfailingthem.Nursestendedtooverestimatehowmuchcolleagueswouldlearnfromapasterror.Peopleassumedthatheartpatientswouldembraceahealthierlifestyle,whenmanydon’t.“Peopleexpectsuccesstofollowfailuremuchmoreoftenthanitactuallydoes”Eskreis-Winklersaid.“Peopleusuallyassumethatpastbehaviorpredictsfuturebehavior,soit’ssurprisingthatweoftenbelievetheoppositewhenitcomestosucceedingafterfailure.”Tellingpeopletheywillsucceedafterfailuremightreducethepainofafailure,butthatwayofthinkingwon’tnaturallyturnintopeoplelearningalesson,researcherssaid.Ontheotherhand,peoplecanadjusttheirexpectationsofotherswhengivenmoreinformationabouthowlittlefailureactuallybringsgoodresults.Experimentsfoundpeopleweremoreinfavoroftaxpayermoneybeingusedforrecoveryanddrugtreatmentprogramswhentheylearnedaboutthelowratesofsuccessforpeopleusingthoseprograms.“Correctingourwrongbeliefsaboutfailurecouldhelpmovetaxpayerdollarsfrompunishmenttorecoveryandimprovement,”Eskreis-Winklersaid.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“platitudes”inParagrah1probablymean?A.Worn-outsayings. B.Confirmedprinciples. C.Convincingexamples. D.Commonstatements.9.Whatwillassumingsuccessafterfailurebringabout?A.Highersuccessrate. B.Norepetitionofmistakes.C.Variednegativeemotions. D.Overoptimismaboutresults.10.Whichofthefollowingcaseswilltheauthorapproveof?A.Beingpassiveaboutanintenserelationship.B.Loweringexpectationsofsmokersafterquit-failures.C.Convincingthestudentsatestfailureisunimportant.D.Expectingemployeestolearnmorefromworkfailure.11.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A.BravingFailuresForSuccess B.TrackingFailure-SuccessInterplayC.Failures’BenefitsMightBeOverrated D.SuccessGoesHandInHandWithFailure【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇議論文。文章對“失敗是成功之母”這一常見觀點提出了質疑，并論述了人們往往不能從失敗中學習，以及這種錯誤觀念可能導致的現實后果?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據劃線單詞下文“Butthere’sstrongevidencethatsuchaconceptiswrongheadedandcanleadtoterriblereal-worldconsequences,researcherssaidinanewreport.(但研究人員在一份新報告中指出，有確鑿證據表明，這樣的觀念是錯誤的，并且可能在現實世界中導致嚴重的后果。)”可推測，劃線單詞的意思和“常見的、被廣泛提及的”相似。選項D“Commonstatements.”，意為“常見的陳述”，與此相符。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第四段“Aseriesof11experimentsinvolvingmorethan1,800participantsfoundthatpeopleoftendon’tgainwisdomfromfailure,andthatexpectingthemtodosocanhavepotentiallyterribleconsequences:Peoplevastlyoverestimatedthepercentageofprospectivenurses,lawyersandteacherswhopasslicensingexamsafterpreviouslyfailingthem.Nursestendedtooverestimatehowmuchcolleagueswouldlearnfromapasterror.Peopleassumedthatheartpatientswouldembraceahealthierlifestyle,whenmanydon’t.(一系列由1800多名參與者參與的11項實驗發(fā)現，人們通常不會從失敗中獲得智慧，而且指望他們這樣做可能會產生潛在的嚴重后果：人們大大高估了那些之前考試未通過的準護士、律師和教師在再次參加職業(yè)資格考試時的通過率。護士往往會高估同事從過去的錯誤中所能學到的東西。人們以為心臟病患者會接受更健康的生活方式，但實際上很多人并沒有。)”以及第五段““Peopleexpectsuccesstofollowfailuremuchmoreoftenthanitactuallydoes,”Eskreis-Winklersaid.“Peopleusuallyassumethatpastbehaviorpredictsfuturebehavior,soit’ssurprisingthatweoftenbelievetheoppositewhenitcomestosucceedingafterfailure.”(Eskreis-Winkler說：“人們期望失敗后能成功的頻率，遠遠高于實際情況。人們通常認為過去的行為可以預測未來的行為，所以令人驚訝的是，當涉及到失敗后能否成功時，我們常常持有相反的觀點?！?”可知，人們往往認為失敗后會成功，但實際并非如此，這種想法會導致人們高估失敗后成功的概率，對結果過于樂觀。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第六段“Tellingpeopletheywillsucceedafterfailuremightreducethepainofafailure,butthatwayofthinkingwon’tnaturallyturnintopeoplelearningalesson,researcherssaid.Ontheotherhand,peoplecanadjusttheirexpectationsofotherswhengivenmoreinformationabouthowlittlefailureactuallybringsgoodresults.(研究人員表示，告訴人們失敗后會成功也許能減輕失敗帶來的痛苦，但這種思維方式并不會自然而然地讓人們吸取教訓。另一方面，當人們了解到失敗實際上很少能帶來好結果的更多信息時，他們可以調整對他人的期望。)”可知，人們常常高估失敗后會成功的情況，實際上很多人不會從失敗中學習，當人們了解到失敗很少能帶來好結果的更多信息時，應該調整對他人的期望。選項B“Loweringexpectationsofsmokersafterquit-failures.(降低對戒煙失敗的吸煙者的期望)”符合文章中提到的糾正對失敗的錯誤認知，作者可能會認可。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據文章第三段““Peopleoftenconfusewhatiswithwhatoughttobe,”leadresearcherLaurenEskreis-Winkler,anassistantprofessorofmanagementandorganizationsatNorthwesternUniversity,saidinanewsrelease.“Peopleoughttopayattentionandlearnfromfailure,butoftentheydon’tbecausefailureisdemotivatingandself-threatening.”(該研究的首席研究員LaurenEskreis-Winkler是西北大學管理與組織學助理教授，她在一份新聞稿中表示：“人們常常把‘是什么’和‘應該是什么’混為一談。人們應該留意并從失敗中吸取教訓，但他們往往做不到，因為失敗會讓人失去動力，還會威脅到自尊心?！?”以及全文內容可知，文章開篇以溫斯頓?丘吉爾的話引出關于“失敗導致成功”這一觀點，接著指出有證據表明這種觀念是錯誤的。隨后通過一系列實驗說明人們通常不會從失敗中獲得智慧，且往往高估失敗后成功的可能性，還提到糾正對失敗的錯誤認知的意義。選項C“Failures’BenefitsMightBeOverrated(失敗的益處可能被高估了)”準確地概括了文章主旨，即人們認為失敗能帶來成功等益處這種想法是錯誤的，失敗的益處被高估了。故選C。DAsleavesfall,snowsweepsinorflowersblossom,humanschangeinmeasurableways,too.Researchsuggestsarangeofpsychologicalphenomena—suchasouremotionalstate,dietandexercisehabits,andevencolorpreferences—swingthroughouttheyear.AndnowastudyintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSAdemonstrateshowmoralvaluescanalsoshift.Forthestudyresearchersanalyzedmorethan230,000onlinesurveyresponses—adecade’sworth—frompeopleintheU.S.Thequestionswerebasedonastandardizedframeworksocialscientistsusetoassesspeople’sjudgmentsofrightandwrong.Thisframework,calledmoralfoundationstheory,setsupataxonomy(分類學)of“fiveprettyfundamentalvaluesthatshapehumansocialbehavior,”saysleadauthorIanHohm,apsychologygraduatestudentattheUniversityofBritishColumbia.Theframeworkconsidersloyalty,authority,andpuritytobe“binding”(有約束力的)valuesthatpromotegroupunityandobservance.Theseprinciples,oftenassociatedwithpoliticalconservatism,consistentlyreceivedweakerrecognitioninsummerandwinter.Andinsummer,themoreextremetheseasonalweatherdifferences,themorepronouncedtheeffect.Careandfairnessareconsidered“individualizing”valuesrelatedtoindividualrights.Theseprinciplesshowednoconsistentseasonalpattern.Oneexplanationforseasonalswingscouldbeanxiety.Usinga90,000-respondentsurveydataset,aswellasdataonInternetsearchfrequencies,theresearchersfoundthatanxietylevelsalsopeakinspringandfall.“Thereisacloserelationshipbetweenanxietyandthreat,”saysUniversityofNottinghampsychologistandstudycoauthorBrianO’Shea.Otherstudieshaveshownthatpeoplewhoareathigherriskofseasonalillnessestendtobemoredistrustfulandmorelikelytofollowmajorityopinion.“Whenyou’rethreatened,”O(jiān)’Sheaexplains,“youthenwanttogetprotectionfromyourgroup.”Thesefindingssuggestseasonaltimingcouldaffectjury(陪審團)decisions,vaccinationcampaigns—andevenelectionoutcomes,thestudyauthorssay.HowardUniversitypsychologistIvoryA.Toldsonnotesthatthestudyreliesondatafrom“western,educated,industrialized,richanddemocratic(WEIRD)”populationsandcautionsthatgeneralizingfromsuchresultsrunstheriskof“overlookingtheuniquemoralexperiencesofmarginalized(邊緣化的)groups.”IanHohmagreesthatsuchapatternwouldn’taffecteveryonethesamewaybutemphasizesthatthestudyhighlightstheseasons’effectonhumanpsychology.12.Whatdidtheresearchersdointhestudy?A.Theyexaminedpeople’sdigitalfeedback. B.Theyevaluatednetizens’socialbehavior.C.Theysetupascientificmoralframework. D.Theycategorizeddifferentvaluepatterns.13.Whichbehaviorismostcloselyrelatedtoseasonalanxietypeaks?A.Safeguardingindividualrights. B.Seekingin-groupprotection.C.Beingfaithfultoone’steam. D.Makingreliabledecisions.14.WhatcanbeinferredfromIvoryA.Toldson’swords?A.Thestudyoveremphasizesdatafromthewest. B.Thesurveyshouldcoveralargerrangeofsubjects.C.Humansareseasonalbeingswithvariedbehaviors. D.Ignoringtheresearchofsidelinedgroupsisrisky.15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thechangesinnatureandhumans. B.Moralvaluesvaryfrompersontoperson.C.Valuesmayshiftwiththetimeoftheyear. D.Theimpactofseasonsonone’smentalhealth.【答案】12.A13.B14.B15.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過介紹一項研究，闡述了季節(jié)變化對人類道德價值觀的影響，并分析了可能的原因，同時指出了研究的意義和局限性?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段“Forthestudy,researchersanalyzedmorethan230,000onlinesurveyresponses—adecade’sworth—frompeopleintheU.S.(在這項研究中，研究人員分析了來自美國民眾的超過23萬份在線調查回復——這些回復涵蓋了十年的時間跨度。)”可知，在這項研究中，研究人員分析了來自美國民眾的超過23萬份長達十年時間跨度的在線調查回復，這些在線調查回復屬于人們的數字化反饋信息。故選A。【13題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第四段““Whenyou’rethreatened,”O(jiān)’Sheaexplains,“youthenwanttogetprotectionfromyourgroup.”Thesefindingssuggestseasonaltimingcouldaffectjury(陪審團)decisions,vaccinationcampaigns—andevenelectionoutcomes,thestudyauthorssay.(“當你受到威脅時，”O(jiān)’Shea解釋道，“你就會想要從你的群體中獲得保護。”該研究的作者們表示，這些發(fā)現表明，季節(jié)時間可能會影響陪審團的裁決、疫苗接種活動——甚至是選舉結果。)”可知，當人們處于受到威脅的狀態(tài)時，也就是焦慮狀態(tài)，會想要從自己的群體中獲得保護，所以與季節(jié)性焦慮峰值最密切相關的行為是尋求群體保護。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段“HowardUniversitypsychologistIvoryA.Toldsonnotesthatthestudyreliesondatafrom“western,educated,industrialized,richanddemocratic(WEIRD)”populationsandcautionsthatgeneralizingfromsuchresultsrunstheriskof“overlookingtheuniquemoralexperiencesofmarginalized(邊緣化的)groups.”(霍華德大學的心理學家IvoryA.Toldson指出，這項研究依賴于來自“西方、受過教育、工業(yè)化、富裕且民主”人群的數據，并提醒說，從這樣的結果中進行概括存在“忽視邊緣化群體獨特道德體驗”的風險。)”可知，IvoryA.Toldson指出該研究依賴于來自“西方、受過教育、工業(yè)化、富裕且民主”人群的數據，并警告說，從這樣的結果中進行概括存在“忽視邊緣化群體獨特道德體驗”的風險。這意味著，當前研究的調查對象范圍較窄，僅局限于特定的“WEIRD”人群，所以應該涵蓋更大范圍的調查對象，這樣才能更全面準確地得出結論。故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據文章第一段“Asleavesfall,snowsweepsinorflowersblossom,humanschangeinmeasurableways,too.Researchsuggestsarangeofpsychologicalphenomena—suchasouremotionalstate,dietandexercisehabits,andevencolorpreferences—swingthroughouttheyear.AndnowastudyintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSAdemonstrateshowmoralvaluescanalsoshift.(隨著樹葉飄落、雪花紛飛或鮮花綻放，人類也在以可衡量的方式發(fā)生著變化。研究表明，一系列心理現象——比如我們的情緒狀態(tài)、飲食和鍛煉習慣，甚至對顏色的偏好——會在一年中波動變化。而現在，一項發(fā)表在《美國國家科學院院刊》上的研究展示了道德價值觀是如何也會發(fā)生轉變的。)”以及全文內容可知，文章開篇指出人類的一些心理現象會隨季節(jié)變化，接著通過一項研究表明道德價值觀也會隨季節(jié)波動。研究人員分析了大量在線調查回復，發(fā)現忠誠、權威和純潔等“有約束力的”價值觀在夏季和冬季得到的認可程度較低，且季節(jié)性天氣差異越大影響越明顯，而關愛和公平等“個體化”價值觀沒有一致的季節(jié)性模式，還探討了季節(jié)性波動可能與焦慮有關，最后提到研究存在的局限性。選項C“Valuesmayshiftwiththetimeoftheyear(價值觀可能會隨一年中的時間變化而改變)”準確概括了文章主旨。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)There’sahugedifferencebetweenouterbeautyandinnerbeauty,andbothofthemhavetheirplace.Inouryouth-drivenculture,externalattractivenessisoftenputattheforefrontofdesirabilityinothers.____16____.Let’stakealookatsometruthsaboutinnerbeautyvsouterbeauty.●____17____Physicalbeautyvariesgreatlyamongindividuals,withdifferentpeoplefindingdifferentfeaturesattractive.Incontrast,innerbeautyisoftenwidelyappreciated.TakePrincessDiana,forexample.Whileopinionsonherphysicalattractivenessdiffered,everyonewasimpressedbyherwillingnesstohelpothers.●Largelyuncontrollableouterbeauty,cultivableinnerbeautyOuterbeautycanbeachievedwithmoneythroughplasticsurgery,makeup,hairdye,exercise,andwardrobeadjustments.____18____.Youcanreadandeducateyourselfinallmannerofdifferentsubjectsforfreevialibraries,onlinevideos,oracademicresources.Gettinginvolvedincharitableworksornonprofitorganizationsisanothergreatwaytogetthatinnerbeautygrowing.Agivingheartandsincerecareforothersaretwounparalleledqualities.____19____.●Traits(特征)thatpeoplelovemostWhenaskedwhattraitstheymostlookforinacoupleoralifepartner,thevastmajorityofpeoplenamethingsthathaveabsolutelynothingtodowithouterbeauty.Someofthetopresponsesthatmaketheaveragelistarethefollowing:kindness,loyalty,agoodsenseofhumor,trustworthiness,asupportivenature,generosity,integrity,understandingandcompassion.____20____.Theycoexistinacomplex,beautifuldancethatvariesfrompersontoperson.Truebeautysurpassesappearance,rootedinthehumanspirit.Itissubjectiveandcherishedforwhoweare,nothowwelook.A.Greatouterbeauty,strikinginnerbeautyB.However,innerbeautycanbeearnedeffortlesslyC.Subjectiveouterbeauty,universallyvisibleinnerbeautyD.Incontrast,youdon’tneedacenttocultivateinnerbeautyE.Yet,weoftenadorethepeoplemostfortheirpersonalitytraitsF.InnerbeautyandouterbeautyarenotenemiesbutcompanionsG.Evenbetter,theycanbedevelopedbyanyoneinanycircumstances【答案】16.E17.C18.D19.G20.F【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了內在美和外在美的區(qū)別以及二者的關系?！?6題詳解】根據上文“There’sahugedifferencebetweenouterbeautyandinnerbeauty,andbothofthemhavetheirplace.Inouryouth-drivenculture,externalattractivenessisoftenputattheforefrontofdesirabilityinothers.(外在美和內在美有很大的不同，它們都有自己的位置。在我們以年輕人為主導的文化中，外在的吸引力往往被放在別人的可取性的首位)”可知，上文提到“外在的吸引力往往被放在別人的可取性的首位”，推測本句說明內在對人的吸引力。故E選項“然而，我們往往最崇拜的人是他們的個性特征”符合語境，故選E?！?7題詳解】根據本段內容“Physicalbeautyvariesgreatlyamongindividuals,withdifferentpeoplefindingdifferentfeaturesattractive.Incontrast,innerbeautyisoftenwidelyappreciated.TakePrincessDiana,forexample.Whileopinionsonherphysicalattractivenessdiffered,everyonewasimpressedbyherwillingnesstohelpothers.(人與人之間的外貌差異很大，不同的人認為不同的特征有吸引力。相比之下，內在美往往被廣泛欣賞。以戴安娜王妃為例。雖然大家對她的外表評價不一，但她樂于助人的態(tài)度給大家留下了深刻的印象)”可知，本段主要說明了外在美是個人的主觀感受，但內在美是人們普遍認可的。故C選項“主觀的外在美，普遍可見的內在美”符合語境，故選C?！?8題詳解】根據上文“Outerbeautycanbeachievedwithmoneythroughplasticsurgery,makeup,hairdye,exercise,andwardrobeadjustments.(外在美可以通過整形手術、化妝、染發(fā)、鍛煉和調整服裝來實現)”可知，上文解釋了外在美可以如何提高，推測本句要說明如何培養(yǎng)內在美。故D選項“相反，你不需要一分錢來培養(yǎng)內在美”符合語境，故選D。【19題詳解】根據上文“Youcanreadandeducateyourselfinallmannerofdifferentsubjectsforfreevialibraries,onlinevideos,oracademicresources.Gettinginvolvedincharitableworksornonprofitorganizationsisanothergreatwaytogetthatinnerbeautygrowing.Agivingheartandsincerecareforothersaretwounparalleledqualities.(你可以通過圖書館、在線視頻或學術資源免費閱讀和學習各種不同的科目。參與慈善工作或非營利組織是另一種培養(yǎng)內在美的好方法。一顆奉獻的心和對他人的真誠關懷是兩種無與倫比的品質)”可知，上文提到了如何培養(yǎng)內在美?？仗幬挥诙文?，應承接上文。故G選項“更妙的是，任何人在任何情況下都可以發(fā)展它們”符合語境，故選G?！?0題詳解】根據后文“Theycoexistinacomplex,beautifuldancethatvariesfrompersontoperson.Truebeautysurpassesappearance,rootedinthehumanspirit.Itissubjectiveandcherishedforwhoweare,nothowwelook.(它們共存于一種復雜而美麗的舞蹈中，這種舞蹈因人而異。真正的美超越外表，根植于人的精神。它是主觀的，看重的是我們是誰，而不是我們的外表)”可知，本段主要說明了內在美和外在美的關系，后文指出共存于一種復雜而美麗的舞蹈中，推測兩者是相伴相生的關系。故F選項“內在美和外在美不是敵人，而是伙伴”符合語境，故選F。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Therecomesatimeforeveryfamilywhenthetablesturnandtheparenthastoanswertothechild.Minecameduringmyfirststayinyearswithourelderson,Nathaniel.Awholeweekunderhisroof!“Dad,don’tleavethewaterrunningwhilebrushingteet