2024年二級(jí)專業(yè)翻譯資格復(fù)習(xí)資料一、詞匯積累（一）政治經(jīng)濟(jì)類1.“以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想”：thepeople-centereddevelopmentphilosophy例句：我們必須堅(jiān)持以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，不斷提升人民的生活質(zhì)量。Wemustadheretothepeople-centereddevelopmentphilosophyandcontinuouslyimprovepeople'squalityoflife.2.“經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展”：high-qualityeconomicdevelopment例句：推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展是當(dāng)前我國經(jīng)濟(jì)工作的重點(diǎn)。Promotinghigh-qualityeconomicdevelopmentisthefocusofChina'scurrenteconomicwork.3.“宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策跨周期調(diào)節(jié)”：cross-cycleadjustmentofmacroeconomicpolicies例句：實(shí)施宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策跨周期調(diào)節(jié)有助于保持經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定增長。Implementingcross-cycleadjustmentofmacroeconomicpolicieshelpsmaintainstableeconomicgrowth.4.“共同富?！保篶ommonprosperity例句：實(shí)現(xiàn)共同富裕是社會(huì)主義的本質(zhì)要求。Achievingcommonprosperityisanessentialrequirementofsocialism.5.“數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)”：digitaleconomy例句：數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)成為推動(dòng)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的新動(dòng)力。Thedigitaleconomyhasbecomeanewdrivingforceforglobaleconomicgrowth.（二）科技文化類1.“人工智能”：artificialintelligence(AI)例句：人工智能在醫(yī)療、交通等領(lǐng)域有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。Artificialintelligencehasawiderangeofapplicationsinfieldssuchashealthcareandtransportation.2.“大數(shù)據(jù)”：bigdata例句：大數(shù)據(jù)分析可以幫助企業(yè)更好地了解市場需求。Bigdataanalysiscanhelpenterprisesbetterunderstandmarketdemand.3.“文化軟實(shí)力”：culturalsoftpower例句：提升文化軟實(shí)力對(duì)于增強(qiáng)國家綜合實(shí)力至關(guān)重要。Enhancingculturalsoftpoweriscrucialforstrengtheningacountry'soverallstrength.4.“非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)”：intangibleculturalheritage例句：保護(hù)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)是傳承民族文化的重要舉措。Protectingintangibleculturalheritageisanimportantmeasureforinheritingnationalculture.5.“虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)”：virtualreality(VR)例句：虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)為用戶帶來了沉浸式的體驗(yàn)。Virtualrealitytechnologybringsimmersiveexperiencestousers.（三）社會(huì)民生類1.“社會(huì)保障體系”：socialsecuritysystem例句：完善的社會(huì)保障體系可以為人民提供基本的生活保障。Asoundsocialsecuritysystemcanprovidebasiclivingsecurityforthepeople.2.“就業(yè)優(yōu)先政策”：employment-firstpolicy例句：實(shí)施就業(yè)優(yōu)先政策有助于緩解就業(yè)壓力。Implementingtheemployment-firstpolicyhelpsrelieveemploymentpressure.3.“養(yǎng)老服務(wù)”：elderlycareservices例句：隨著老齡化社會(huì)的到來，養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的需求日益增長。Withthearrivalofanagingsociety,thedemandforelderlycareservicesisincreasingdaybyday.4.“住房保障”：housingsecurity例句：政府應(yīng)該加大住房保障力度，解決中低收入群體的住房問題。Thegovernmentshouldstrengthenhousingsecuritytosolvethehousingproblemsoflow-andmiddle-incomegroups.5.“公共衛(wèi)生體系”：publichealthsystem例句：健全的公共衛(wèi)生體系是應(yīng)對(duì)突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件的關(guān)鍵。Asoundpublichealthsystemisthekeytodealingwithpublichealthemergencies.二、語法知識(shí)鞏固（一）時(shí)態(tài)的準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或表示從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例1：IhavelivedinBeijingforfiveyears.（表示從過去開始到現(xiàn)在一直住在北京）例2：IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.（只說明過去某個(gè)時(shí)間住在北京）2.將來完成時(shí)表示在將來某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。例：Bytheendofnextmonth,Iwillhavefinishedthisproject.（到下個(gè)月底，我將已經(jīng)完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目）（二）虛擬語氣1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣從句用一般過去時(shí)（be動(dòng)詞用were），主句用would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形。例：IfIwereyou,Iwouldacceptthisoffer.（如果我是你，我會(huì)接受這個(gè)提議）2.與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣從句用過去完成時(shí)，主句用would/should/could/might+have+過去分詞。例：Ifhehadstudiedharder,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.（如果他學(xué)習(xí)更努力些，他就會(huì)通過考試了）（三）定語從句1.限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別限定性定語從句對(duì)先行詞起限定作用，不用逗號(hào)隔開；非限定性定語從句對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明作用，用逗號(hào)隔開。例1：ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.（限定性，說明是昨天買的那本書）例2：Mymother,whoisateacher,lovesreading.（非限定性，對(duì)媽媽進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明）2.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that等；關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等。例1：Themanwho/thathelpedmeismyfriend.（指人，作主語用who/that）例2：TheplacewhereIwasbornisabeautifulvillage.（指地點(diǎn)，用where）三、翻譯技巧提升（一）詞類轉(zhuǎn)換1.名詞轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)詞原文：Theuseofatomicenergywillrevolutionizethelivesofcominggenerations.譯文：利用原子能將使后代人的生活發(fā)生革命性的變化。2.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)詞原文：Theyweresuspiciousofhiswords.譯文：他們懷疑他的話。（二）增詞減詞1.增詞原文：Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;writinganexactman.譯文：讀書使人充實(shí)，討論使人機(jī)智，寫作使人準(zhǔn)確。（增“使人”）2.減詞原文：Themoonwasslowlyrisingabovethesea.譯文：月亮正慢慢從海面升起。（減“the”）（三）語序調(diào)整原文：Imetanoldfriendinthestreetyesterday.譯文：昨天我在街上遇到了一位老朋友。（英語時(shí)間狀語一般在句末，漢語一般在句首）四、翻譯練習(xí)（一）漢譯英1.中國致力于推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體，為世界和平與發(fā)展作出貢獻(xiàn)。Chinaiscommittedtopromotingthebuildingofacommunitywithasharedfutureformankindandmakingcontributionstoworldpeaceanddevelopment.2.科技創(chuàng)新是推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要?jiǎng)恿?。Technologicalinnovationisanimportantdrivingforceforeconomicdevelopment.3.教育是民族振興、社會(huì)進(jìn)步的重要基石。Educationisanimportantcornerstonefornationalrejuvenationandsocialprogress.4.我們應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)環(huán)境保護(hù)，共同守護(hù)地球家園。WeshouldstrengthenenvironmentalprotectionandjointlysafeguardourplanetEarth.5.文化交流可以增進(jìn)不同國家和民族之間的相互理解。Culturalexchangescanenhancemutualunderstandingbetweendifferentcountriesandnations.6.這座城市有著悠久的歷史和豐富的文化遺產(chǎn)。Thiscityhasalonghistoryandrichculturalheritage.7.政府采取了一系列措施來應(yīng)對(duì)就業(yè)問題。Thegovernmenthastakenaseriesofmeasurestoaddresstheemploymentissue.8.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展改變了人們的生活方式。ThedevelopmentoftheInternethaschangedpeople'slifestyles.9.體育鍛煉有助于保持身體健康。Physicalexercisehelpsmaintaingoodhealth.10.隨著全球化的發(fā)展，國際合作變得越來越重要。Withthedevelopmentofglobalization,internationalcooperationhasbecomeincreasinglyimportant.（二）英譯漢1.Thedevelopmentofnewenergysourcesiscrucialforsustainabledevelopment.新能源的開發(fā)對(duì)于可持續(xù)發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。2.Theinternationalcommunityshouldworktogethertocombatclimatechange.國際社會(huì)應(yīng)該共同努力應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化。3.Thecompanyisplanningtoexpanditsbusinessoverseas.這家公司正計(jì)劃拓展海外業(yè)務(wù)。4.Educationisthekeytounlockinghumanpotential.教育是開啟人類潛能的關(guān)鍵。5.Therapidgrowthofe-commercehastransformedtheretailindustry.電子商務(wù)的快速發(fā)展改變了零售業(yè)。6.Thegovernmentiscommittedtoimprovingpeople'slivingstandards.政府致力于提高人民的生活水平。7.Theculturaldiversityoftheworldenrichesourlives.世界的文化多樣性豐富了我們的生活。8.Theresearchfindingshaveimportantimplicationsforfuturepolicies.這些研究成果對(duì)未來的政策有著重要的啟示。9.Theuseofadvancedtechnologycanimproveproductionefficiency.先進(jìn)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用可以提高生產(chǎn)效率。10.Thegoalofpovertyreductionhasbeenachievedinmanydevelopingcountries.許多發(fā)展中國家已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了減貧目標(biāo)。五、模擬測試題（一）詞匯選擇題1.Theconceptof“________”emphasizestheimportanceofpeople'swell-beingindevelopment.A.people-centereddevelopmentphilosophyB.high-qualityeconomicdevelopmentC.cross-cycleadjustmentofmacroeconomicpoliciesD.commonprosperity答案：A2.________referstotheeconomicformbasedondigitaltechnology.A.ArtificialintelligenceB.BigdataC.DigitaleconomyD.Virtualreality答案：C3.The________isdesignedtoprovidebasiclivingsecurityforthepeople.A.socialsecuritysystemB.employment-firstpolicyC.elderlycareservicesD.housingsecurity答案：A4.________technologycanbringimmersiveexperiencestousers.A.ArtificialintelligenceB.BigdataC.DigitaleconomyD.Virtualreality答案：D5.The________isanimportantmeasureforinheritingnationalculture.A.culturalsoftpowerB.intangibleculturalheritageC.publichealthsystemD.high-qualityeconomicdevelopment答案：B（二）語法選擇題1.IfI________you,I________takethatjob.A.am;willB.were;wouldC.was;wouldD.are;will答案：B2.Bytheendofthisyear,she________thiscourse.A.willfinishB.willhavefinishedC.finishesD.hasfinished答案：B3.Theman________isstandingoverthereismybrother.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.where答案：A4.I________inBeijingfortenyearsbeforeImovedtoShanghai.A.havelivedB.hadlivedC.livedD.wasliving答案：B5.Thereason________hewaslateisthathemissedthebus.A.whyB.whichC.whoD.that答案：A（三）翻譯題1.漢譯英：我們要堅(jiān)持創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展，加快科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化。Weshouldadheretoinnovation-drivendevelopmentandacceleratethetransformationofscientificandtechnologicalachievements.2.英譯漢：Thegovernmenthasimplementedaseriesofpoliciestopromoteeconomicrecovery.政府已經(jīng)實(shí)施了一系列政策來促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇。3.漢譯英：綠色發(fā)展是實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必由之路。Greendevelopmentistheonlywaytoachievesustainabledevelopment.4.英譯漢：Thedevelopmentof5Gtechnologywillbring