Unit3HowtoGrowOld新發(fā)展英語(yǔ)3Reflectonthevirtueofagingaccompanyingthedeclineoflife.0102030405Learnusefulwordsandexpressionsrelatedtotheagingprocess,longevityandpersonalitiesofelderlypeople.Learntousethestructures:theappositiveclause;too…to…;beto…;nomore…than…,etc.Learntowritefaxes.Readfurtheraboutthecommendableattitudesandlifestylesfollowedbysomeelderlypeople.StudyFocusIntensiveReading01A.Discussthefollowingquestionswithyourpartners.Pre-readingPreparationCompare"theyoung"with"theold",andwiththehelpofanelderlyrelative,findoutwhetherorhowtheyoungandtheoldaredifferentininterests?Whatdoyouthinkaresomeoftheessentialqualitiesthatmakeanelderapleasantandapproachablepersontoothers?0101010203Isitnaturalthatyoungpeopleareoftenuncomfortablewhentheyarewitholdpeople?whatarethereasonsthatoldpeopleoftenfeelthattheyareuselessorinferior?B.Readthefollowingsentencescarefullyandworkoutthemeaningofeachunderlinedwordsandexpressions.Pre-readingPreparation1Norman'sconstantdrinkingdriveshisfamilytodespair.2Pleasestateyourname,ageandmaritalstatus.3SheisaBritishcitizenbutlivesinIndia.4Wewaitedatthestationinanticipationofherarrival.5Thevalleyresonatedwiththeirheartylaughter.6Hecouldnothelpoverhearingtheirconversationsincetheyseemedtotalkaboutsomesecret.01TheVirtueofAging年老的價(jià)值Text我和羅莎琳還沒(méi)有離開(kāi)白宮時(shí)就收到美國(guó)退休人員協(xié)會(huì)的入會(huì)通知，但我們自以為還算年輕，不至于要被貼上"老年群體"的標(biāo)簽。然而，一回到普萊恩斯，這一問(wèn)題就切切實(shí)實(shí)、毫不含糊地?cái)[在了我們面前。我們住在亞特蘭大以南120英里的地方，經(jīng)常駕車(chē)往返于卡特中心和我任教的艾默瑞大學(xué)。一天清晨我們?cè)缭绯鲩T(mén)去亞特蘭大，中途停車(chē)在佐治亞州的托馬斯頓吃早餐。車(chē)上四個(gè)人點(diǎn)的幾乎都是一樣的早點(diǎn)，但是當(dāng)女招待把賬單拿來(lái)時(shí)我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己比別人花的少。也許是為了證明自己是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的顧客，我把她叫過(guò)來(lái)對(duì)她說(shuō)她弄錯(cuò)了。鄰桌一個(gè)穿工裝背帶褲的老農(nóng)顯然聽(tīng)到了我們的談話，他向我們看過(guò)來(lái)并大聲喊道："總統(tǒng)先生，你的賬單沒(méi)錯(cuò)。八點(diǎn)前老年人可以在這里喝免費(fèi)咖啡！"TheVirtueofAging年老的價(jià)值EvenbeforeleavingtheWhiteHouse,RosalynnandIreceivedanoticefromtheAmerican

Association

ofRetiredPersonsthatwewerequalifiedfor

membership,butweconsideredourselvestooyoungtofacethestigmaofseniorcitizenship.However,oncebackinPlainsthepointwastobedrivenhome

mostfirmlyandclearly.Welive120milessouthofAtlantaandhabituallydrivebackandforthtoTheCarterCenterandtoEmoryUniversity,whereIamaprofessor.OnemorningweleftourhousequiteearlyandstoppedtoeatbreakfastinThomaston,Georgia,abouthalfwaytoAtlanta.Therewerefourofusinthecar,andweallorderedaboutthesamething.Butwhenthewaitressbroughtmybill,Inoticedthatitwaslessthantheothers.Perhapsseekingcreditforbeinganhonestcustomer,Icalledherbackandbegantotellherthatshehadmadeamistake.Anolderfarmer,dressedinoveralls,wassittingatanearbytableand

apparentlyoverheardmyconversation.Helookedoveratusand

calledoutinaloudvoice,"Yourbillain'tnomistake,Mr.President.Beforeeighto’clocktheygivefreecoffeetoseniorcitizens."1Text

我們一桌人頓時(shí)笑開(kāi)了鍋，當(dāng)我付完賬趕回車(chē)?yán)飼r(shí)，還能聽(tīng)到餐廳里回響著陣陣笑聲。幾個(gè)星期后，每當(dāng)我們走近那里，我知道總會(huì)有人說(shuō)："為什么不停在這里吃早飯呢？我們中某些人可以喝到免費(fèi)咖啡噢！"TheVirtueofAging年老的價(jià)值A(chǔ)waveoflaughterbeganatourtable,anditstillresonatedthroughtherestaurantasIpaidmybillandhurriedbacktothecar.Forseveralweeksafterward,everytimeweapproachedThomastonIknewthatsomeonewouldsay,"Whydon'twestophereforbreakfast?There'sfreecoffeeforsomeofus!"2Text

在返鄉(xiāng)之后的日子里，我和羅莎琳經(jīng)歷了一些嚴(yán)酷的磨練，我們一直努力尋找最好的方法來(lái)保持自信、追求充滿樂(lè)趣和挑戰(zhàn)的生活并與他人建立良好的關(guān)系。當(dāng)我們一天天變老，結(jié)果卻出人意料地好起來(lái)。TheVirtueofAging年老的價(jià)值Intheyearssincereturninghome,RosalynnandIhavebeenthroughsomeseveretestsandhavestruggledtofindthebestwaytoretainourself-confidence,evolveaninterestingandchallenginglife,andbuildbetterrelationswithotherpeople.Aswe’vegrownoldertheresultshavebeensurprisinglygood.3Text

就在我慢慢步入70歲時(shí)，我充分意識(shí)到我們的生活發(fā)生了多么大的變化。在一次長(zhǎng)達(dá)一小時(shí)的專訪中，芭芭拉·沃爾特斯談及我生活的各個(gè)方面，從農(nóng)場(chǎng)到潛水艇，從商務(wù)到在白宮大樓的政府工作，從當(dāng)總統(tǒng)到返回普萊恩斯。之后，她問(wèn)了我一個(gè)需要認(rèn)真考慮的問(wèn)題："總統(tǒng)先生，你的職業(yè)生涯一度激動(dòng)人心并富有挑戰(zhàn)性，對(duì)您而言最美好的時(shí)光是什么時(shí)候？"略思片刻，我很肯定地回答："就是現(xiàn)在。"她非常驚訝："為什么？"TheVirtueofAging年老的價(jià)值ThefirsttimeIfullyrealizedhowmuchourliveshadchangedwaswhenIapproachedmyseventiethbirthday.Inoneofherhour-longspecialinterviews,BarbaraWalterscoveredalltheaspectsofmylife,fromthefarmtosubmarines,frombusinesstothegovernor'smansion,serviceintheWhiteHouse,andfrompresidentbackhometoPlains.Thensheaskedmeaquestionthatrequiredsomeseriousthought:"Mr.President,youhavehadanumberofexcitingandchallengingcareers.Whathavebeenyourbestyears?"AfterafewmomentsIrespondedwithabsolutecertainty:"Nowisthebesttimeofall."Shewassurprised,andasked,"Why?"4Text

我在腦子里努力搜尋著答案：現(xiàn)在有了反思的時(shí)間，有了享受天倫之樂(lè)的時(shí)間，還有了彌補(bǔ)以往過(guò)錯(cuò)的機(jī)會(huì)。事后，我意識(shí)到自己那30秒鐘不假思索的回答是多么地膚淺，我和羅莎琳談?wù)摰轿覀兊耐砟晟钣兄嗝瓷羁痰母淖兒投嗝淳薮蟮目鞓?lè)！TheVirtueofAging年老的價(jià)值Ifumbledwithsomethoughtsabouttimeforreflection,spendingmoretimewithmyfamily,andachancetocorrectsomeofmyformererrors.AfterwardIrealizedhowinadequatemyglib,thirty-secondanswerhadbeen,andIdiscussedwithRosalynnhowprofoundlydifferent-andpleasant-wastherealityofoursenioryears.5Text

很明顯，在某些方面，我和羅莎琳并不具代表性，因?yàn)槲覀冊(cè)?jīng)是一個(gè)偉大國(guó)家的第一家庭，擁有一個(gè)得失兼具、既有利益也有責(zé)任的特殊地位。但是，幾乎在生活的所有方面，我們所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)與其他千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)的家庭始終是一樣的，即如何去面對(duì)那問(wèn)題與機(jī)遇、疑惑與期待、失望與希望交織的晚年生活。我們一直必須面對(duì)并解決一個(gè)共同問(wèn)題，那就是：如何才能讓我們退休的日子過(guò)得愉快開(kāi)心，甚至可能是富有價(jià)值的？TheVirtueofAging年老的價(jià)值ItisclearthatinsomewaysRosalynnandIarenottypical,havingbeentheFirstFamilyofagreatnation,aspecialstatusthatcutsbothways,withbenefitsandliabilities.Butinalmosteveryaspectofourlife,ourchallengeshavebeensimilartothoseoftensofmillionsoffamilieswhofacethelateryearswithamixtureofproblemsandopportunities,doubtsandanticipation,despairandhope.We’vehadtoaddressacommonquestion:Howcouldweensurethatourretiredyearswouldbehappy,andmaybeevenproductive?6LanguagePointsoftheText1.…RosalynnandIreceivedanoticefromtheAmericanAssociationofRetiredPersonsthatwewerequalifedformembership,butweconsideredourselvestooyoungtofacethestigmaofseniorcitizenship.(Para.1)1)該句中

thatwewerequalifiedformembership為同位語(yǔ)從句，與先行詞notice為同位關(guān)系。同位語(yǔ)從句用于說(shuō)明先行名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由從屬連詞that引出，也可由whether以及連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)，如：a.WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?

你從哪兒聽(tīng)說(shuō)我不能來(lái)的？b.Heignoredthedoctor'sadvicethatheshouldstayinbed.

他對(duì)醫(yī)生要他臥床的勸告置之不理。c.Thequestionwhetherheshouldconfesstroubledhim.他為自己是否應(yīng)該坦白感到苦惱。LanguagePointsoftheText1.…RosalynnandIreceivedanoticefromtheAmericanAssociationofRetiredPersonsthatwewerequalifedformembership,butweconsideredourselvestooyoungtofacethestigmaofseniorcitizenship.(Para.1)d.Ihavenoideawhenandhowshewillcomeback.

我不知道她什么時(shí)候回來(lái)，怎么回來(lái)。

在含有同位語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，如果主句謂語(yǔ)較短或先行名詞帶有修飾語(yǔ)，則同位語(yǔ)從句可與該先行名詞隔開(kāi)，以避免頭重腳輕的現(xiàn)象，如本句中因notice之后有修飾語(yǔ)fromtheAmerican…，故將同位語(yǔ)從句

thatwewerequalified…后置。又如：WordcamethatMr.Presidentwouldcomeandinspectourschoolhimself.有消息說(shuō)總統(tǒng)先生將親自來(lái)我們學(xué)校視察。LanguagePointsoftheText2)形容詞qualified由動(dòng)詞

qualify的過(guò)去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)，意為"有資格的，適合的，勝任的"，如：a.Dr.Andersonisahighlyqualifiedengineer.

安德森博士是一名很資深的工程師。

b.He'squalifiedtoteachinelementaryschool,butnotinhighschool.

他有資格教小學(xué)，但還不夠教中學(xué)。

c.She'sextremelywellqualifiedforthejob.

她極勝任這一工作。

LanguagePointsoftheText2)形容詞

qualified由動(dòng)詞

qualify的過(guò)去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)，意為"有資格的，適合的，勝任的"，如：比較動(dòng)詞qualify的用法和搭配：

a.Residenceinthisareaqualifiesyouformembershipoftheclub/tobecomeamemberoftheclub.

只要你在本區(qū)居住就可成為本俱樂(lè)部會(huì)員。

b.Hequalifiedasadoctorthisyear.

他今年獲醫(yī)生資格。

c.Youmaybeabletoqualifyforunemploymentbenefit.

你也許有資格獲得失業(yè)救濟(jì)金。LanguagePointsoftheText3)注意作者所說(shuō)weconsideredourselvestooyoungtofacethestigmaofseniorcitizenship的含義：stigma

意為"羞恥；恥辱"，而這里thestigmaofseniorcitizenship則指被稱為"老年公民"時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生的不舒服的感覺(jué)或聯(lián)想，因此，tooyoungtofacethestigmaof…恰恰表明了卡特夫婦不服老的年輕心態(tài)。LanguagePointsoftheText2.However,oncebackinPlainsthepointwastobedrivenhomemostfrmlyandclearly.(Para.1)1)oncebackinPlains即

oncewewerebackinPlains，從句中人稱代詞主語(yǔ)we和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be被省略。2)"be+不定式"可表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如：

a.Sheistobemarriednextmonth.

她定于下月結(jié)婚。b.ThePrimeMinisteristospeakontelevisiontonight.

首相今晚要作電視講話。LanguagePointsoftheText2.However,oncebackinPlainsthepointwastobedrivenhomemostfrmlyandclearly.(Para.1)

be+不定式這一結(jié)構(gòu)也可用于過(guò)去時(shí)間，表示過(guò)去按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或表示從過(guò)去時(shí)間看某個(gè)將來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如：

a.AsIwastoleavethenextday,IwenttobedearlyonThursdayevening.

我因第二天要走，星期四晚上就早早睡了。

b.Thisdiscoverywastohaveamajoreffectonthetreatmentofheartdisease.

這一發(fā)現(xiàn)（后來(lái)）對(duì)心臟病的治療產(chǎn)生了重大影響。LanguagePointsoftheText3)drive(apoint)home:tomake(apoint)unmistakablyclear(tosb.)"把（觀點(diǎn)等）闡述透徹"a.Itriedtodrivehomethepointthatweneedextrapeople,butthebosswasn'tinterested.

我竭力想說(shuō)明白我們需要增加人手，但是老板對(duì)此不感興趣。

b.Thispointshouldbedrivenhometothestudents.

這一點(diǎn)必須向?qū)W生們講透。

聯(lián)系上下文，However,…thepointwastobedrivenhomemostfirmlyandclearly應(yīng)指卡特夫婦后來(lái)的一天早晨在Thomaston一家餐館用早餐時(shí)的經(jīng)歷，thepoint應(yīng)指

thefactthatwewerealreadyseniorcitizens；整句話可理解為However,oncewewerebackinPlains,weweretoberemindedunmistakablythatwewerealreadyseniorcitizens.LanguagePointsoftheText3.Butwhenthewaitressbroughtmybill,Inoticedthatitwaslessthantheothers.(Para.1)…Inoticedthatitwaslessthantheothers:…IfoundthatIwastopaylessthantheothers(thoughweallorderedaboutthesamething).LanguagePointsoftheText4.Perhapsseekingcreditforbeinganhonestcustomer,Icalledherback…amistake.(Para.1)

seekcredit的意思是"獲得信譽(yù)"，此處perhapsseekingcreditforbeinganhonestcustomer為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)，可譯為"也許是為了獲得誠(chéng)信顧客的聲譽(yù)，……"。LanguagePointsoftheText5.Helookedoveratusandcalledoutinaloudvoice,"Yourbillain'tnomistake…"(Para.1)1)

callout:tosay(sth.)loudlytoattractsb.'sattention;shout;cry大聲地說(shuō)(某事物)以引起別人的注意；喊；叫"a.Don'tworry;Iwillcalloutthestops.別擔(dān)心，我會(huì)報(bào)站的。

b.Thefrightenedchildcalledoutforhelp.受驚的孩子大聲呼救。比較：

a.Thesoldiershavebeencalledout(=havebeengivenorders)tohelpfightfires.士兵們奉命去幫助滅火。

b.Doctorsareoftencalledout(=areaskedtogotoseeapatient)inthemiddleofthenight.醫(yī)生常在半夜受請(qǐng)出診。LanguagePointsoftheText5.Helookedoveratusandcalledoutinaloudvoice,"Yourbillain'tnomistake…"(Para.1)c.Thecoalminerswerecalledout(=wereorderedtogoonstrike)bytheUnionofficials.煤礦工人受工會(huì)官員指示舉行罷工。2)Yourbillain'tnomistake:Yourbillhasnomistake.ain't為口語(yǔ)中amnot，isnot，arenot，hasnot或havenot的縮略形式，是不規(guī)范的用法；ain'tno…并不表示雙重否定，在意義上仍只是一般的否定，也是不規(guī)范的用法，常見(jiàn)于美國(guó)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。又如："Youain'tnothingbut(=arenothingbut)aboy.Youdon'tneedagun.""你不過(guò)是個(gè)孩子，不需要槍。"LanguagePointsoftheText6.…,everytimeweapproachedThomastonIknewthat…(Para.2)

everytime（或

eachtime，eachmoment等）可用作連詞引出時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示"每當(dāng)……"，"每次……"，相當(dāng)于whenever，如：

a.Everytimeyouhelpsomebodyelse,youhelpyourself.

每當(dāng)你幫助別人時(shí)，也在幫助你自己。

b.Eachtimeyoufaceafear,youarebetterpreparedtochallengethenextone.

每當(dāng)你正視恐懼的時(shí)候，你都為挑戰(zhàn)下一次恐懼做了更好的準(zhǔn)備。LanguagePointsoftheText7....RosalynnandIhavebeenthroughsomeseveretestsandhavestruggledtofndthebestwaytoretainourself-confdence,evolveaninterestingandchallenginglife,andbuildbetterrelationswithotherpeople.(Para.3)1)形容詞severe為多義詞，此處意為"嚴(yán)峻的，嚴(yán)酷的；艱難的"。例如：

a.Competitionforuniversityplaceshasbeenincreasinglyseveretheseyears.

這些年來(lái)考大學(xué)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日益激烈。

b.Theunderwatertrialswillprovidetheseveresttestoftheengine'scapabilities.

水下試驗(yàn)將是對(duì)這種發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)性能最為嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)。

比較：

a.Thesevere(=veryserious)painonthebackmadehimcometohimselfaftertheaccident.

事故發(fā)生后，背部的劇痛使他蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)。

LanguagePointsoftheText7.RosalynnandIhavebeenthroughsomeseveretestsandhavestruggledtofndthebestwaytoretainourself-confdence,evolveaninterestingandchallenginglife,andbuildbetterrelationswithotherpeople.(Para.3)b.Itistheseverest(=coldest)winterfortenyears.

這是十年來(lái)最寒冷的冬天。

c.Theteacherhadasevere(=stern)lookonherface.

老師的臉上神色嚴(yán)厲。

d.Althoughthechurchisold,ithasthesevere(=plain)beautyofasimplebuilding.

盡管這座教堂很古老了，但它有著那種簡(jiǎn)單樸實(shí)建筑的樸素美感。2)本句中way后接toretainourself-con?dence,evolveaninterestingandchallenginglife,buildbetterrelationswithotherpeople三個(gè)并列的不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。LanguagePointsoftheText8.ThefrsttimeIfullyrealizedhowmuchourliveshadchangedwaswhenIapproachedmyseventiethbirthday.(Para.4)本句中

ThefirsttimeIfullyrealized…waswhen…意為"我第一次……是在……"；whenIapproached…為表語(yǔ)從句；Ifullyrealized為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾主語(yǔ)thefirsttime，從句前省略了關(guān)系副詞（when/that）。又如：Thelasttime(when/that)IsawherwaswhenshecametoNanjingonbusinessfiveyearsago.我最后一次見(jiàn)到她是五年前她來(lái)南京出差的那次。

LanguagePointsoftheText8.ThefrsttimeIfullyrealizedhowmuchourliveshadchangedwaswhenIapproachedmyseventiethbirthday.(Para.4)比較：

a.Thefirsttimehetriedtomakeapublicspeech,hewaslaughedoffthestage.

他第一次作公開(kāi)演講時(shí)，被笑聲轟下了臺(tái)。

b.Giveusacallnexttimeyou’reintown.

下次進(jìn)城時(shí)給我們打個(gè)電話。LanguagePointsoftheText9.Inoneofherhour-longspecialinterviews,BarbaraWalterscoveredalltheaspects…(Para.4)1)hour-long為合成形容詞，意為

lastinganhour"長(zhǎng)達(dá)一小時(shí)的"；又如yearlong：lastingthroughayear"持續(xù)一年的"；lifelong：continuingorexistingallthroughone'slife"終生的；畢生的"。2)動(dòng)詞

cover為多義詞，此處意為

toinclude；todealwith"包含；涉及到"，如：

a.Thedoctor'stalkcoveredthehistoryofmedicinefromRomantimestothepresentday.

醫(yī)生的演講談到從羅馬時(shí)代到今天的醫(yī)學(xué)史。

b.Mostofthekeypointsarecoveredinthisbook.

這本書(shū)談到了大部分的要點(diǎn)。比較：

a.Iamhopingtocover(=travel)100milesbydark.我希望在天黑前走100英里。

b.Thetowncovers(=spreadsover;occupies)fivesquaremiles.此鎮(zhèn)占地五平方英里。

c.YouruntothegarageandstartthecarwhileIcover(=protectusingagun)youfromtheupstairswindow.你跑到車(chē)庫(kù)發(fā)動(dòng)車(chē)子，我從樓上窗口用槍掩護(hù)你。LanguagePointsoftheText10.Ifumbledwithsomethoughtsabouttimeforrefection,spendingmoretimewithmyfamily,andachancetocorrectsomeofmyformererrors.(Para.5)動(dòng)詞

fumble的本義為

tomakeawkwardattemptstodoorfindsth."（笨拙或緊張地）摸索或處理（某事物）"，此處可理解為

toexpressoneselfclumsilyorineffectively"笨嘴拙舌地說(shuō)話"，因?yàn)樵诓稍L者問(wèn)到"Why?"時(shí)，作者腦子里并沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成的、明確的答案。這句話也可表達(dá)為Irespondedclumsilyandunclearlywithwhatcametomind:(becauseIhad)timeforreflection,(Icouldenjoy)spendingmoretimewithmyfamily,and(Ialsohad)achancetocorrectsomeofmyformererrors.LanguagePointsoftheText11.

AfterwardIrealizedhowinadequatemyglib,thirty-secondanswerhadbeen,andIdiscussedwithRosalynnhowprofoundlydifferent—andpleasant—wastherealityofoursenioryears.(Para.5)1)…Irealizedhowinadequatemyglib,thirty-secondanswerhadbeen:Irealizedthatmyanswer,whichIsoquicklymadeinthirtyseconds,hadbeenveryunsatisfactory.2)…h(huán)owprofoundlydifferent…wastherealityofoursenioryears是個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，句中采用了完全倒裝；表語(yǔ)profoundlydifferent意為significantlydifferent。LanguagePointsoftheText12.ItisclearthatinsomewaysRosalynnandIarenottypical,havingbeentheFirstFamilyofagreatnation,aspecialstatusthatcutsbothways,withbeneftsandliabilities.(Para.6)1)本句中it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后置的that從句。2)

insomeways:tosomeextent"就某些方面而言；在某種程度上"3)havingbeentheFirstFamily…withbenefitsandliabilities

為完成體的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，對(duì)RosalynnandIarenottypical的含義作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明；aspecialstatus指havingbeentheFirstFamilyofagreatnation，二者是同位關(guān)系。LanguagePointsoftheText12.ItisclearthatinsomewaysRosalynnandIarenottypical,havingbeentheFirstFamilyofagreatnation,aspecialstatusthatcutsbothways,withbeneftsandliabilities.(Para.6)4)cutbothways:tohavebothadvantagesanddisadvantages"有利有弊；有正反兩種效果"Thisdecisionwillinevitablycutbothways.這項(xiàng)決定必將有利亦有弊。

比較：Peoplewhogossipfinditcutsbothways.愛(ài)說(shuō)閑話的人損人又害己。LanguagePointsoftheText13.We’vehadtoaddressacommonquestion:Howcouldweensure…productive?(Para.6)1)address:vt.todirectone'sattentionto(aproblem);totackle"探討（如何處理問(wèn)題）；應(yīng)對(duì)（問(wèn)題）"Thisarticleaddressestheproblemsofdiseasesconnectedwithmalnutrition.這篇文章探討了與營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良有關(guān)的疾病。2)ensure:vt.tomake(sth.)certaintohappen"確保（某事）發(fā)生；擔(dān)保，保證"a.Ifyouwanttoensurethatyoucatchtheplane,takeataxi.

你若想確保能趕上飛機(jī)，就乘出租車(chē)去吧。

b.Hisdiligencewillensurehissuccess.

他的勤奮將保證他取得成功。NewWords

association/??s??si?e???n/n.anorganizationofpeoplejoinedtogetherforasharedpurpose協(xié)會(huì)，社團(tuán)qualified/?kw?l?fa?d/adj.havingsuitableknowledge,ability,experience,ete.(forajob)有資格的，適合的，勝任的stigma/?st?ɡm(xù)?/n.astrongfeelingofshameordishonor恥辱senior/?si?ni?(r)/adj.&n.(apersonwhois)olderinyearsorhigherinrankorauthority年長(zhǎng)的(人),地位較高的(人)

NewWords

citizenship/?s?t?z?n??p/n.thestate,rights,anddutiesofacitizen公民資格，公民權(quán)利habitually/h??b?t??li/adv.usuallyorregularly習(xí)慣地，慣常地overalls/???v?r??lz/n.(pl.esp.AmE)(=dungareesBrE)workmen'strouserswithabibandshoulderstrapsmadeofusu.bluedenim[尤美]粗(藍(lán))布背帶工裝褲apparently/??p?r?ntli/adv.evidently,obviously明顯地，顯然地NewWords

overhear/???v??h??(r)/vt.tohear(whatothersaresaying)withouttheirknowledgeandbyaccident無(wú)意中聽(tīng)到，偶爾聽(tīng)到

citizen/?s?t?z?n/n.amemberofastateorcountry公民，國(guó)民resonate/?rez?ne?t/vi.tomakealoudechoingsoundthatcontinuesforalongtime(聲音)回響，回蕩severe/s??v??(r)/adjverystrict,harshordemanding嚴(yán)峻的，嚴(yán)酷的

NewWords

submarine/?s?bm??ri?n/n.aship,esp.awarship,thatcanstayunderwater潛水艇，潛艇mansion/?m?n??n/n.alargeimpressivelookinghouse大廈，宅第fumble/?f?mb?l/vi.toexpressoneselfordealwithsomethingclumsilyornervously(笨拙或緊張地)說(shuō)話或做某事glib/ɡl?b/adj.1.(ofspeech,ete.)showinglittleforethoughtorpreparation(話語(yǔ)等)欠考慮的；2.lackingdepthandsubstance雖流利卻無(wú)深度的

NewWords

profoundly

/pr??fa?ndli/adv.1.completely深刻地；2.extremely極度地status/?ste?t?s/n.one's

social

position

or

rank,considered

in

relation

to

otherpeople社會(huì)地位，身份liability/?la???b?l?ti/n.somethingforwhichoneisresponsible,esp.bylaw(尤指法律上的)責(zé)任，義務(wù)similar/?s?m?l?(r)/adj.

1.like

or

alike近似的；2.ofthe

same

kind類似的

NewWords

anticipation/?n?t?s??pe???n/n.1.pleasurableexpectation

期盼；2.theactoflooking

forward

期望despair/d??spe?(r)/n.complete

loss

of

hopeor

confidence絕望，失望address/??dres/vt.(formal)[正

式]1.todirectone'sattentionto(aproblem)致力于；2.totackle處理，應(yīng)對(duì)(問(wèn)題)

be

qualified

forto

be

able

or

suitable

for(a

job)有資格(做某事),能勝任(某項(xiàng)工作)drivehometomake(apoint,etc.)mistakablyclear(to

somebody)

準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地閘明(觀點(diǎn)等)callouttosayorspeakinaloudvoice大聲說(shuō)出cutbothways(ofanaction)tohavebothadvantagesanddisadvantages

(行動(dòng)等)有利有弊Phrases&Expressionsbe

similar

totobelikeinmanyormostways,toresemble與……相似Phrases&ExpressionsProperNames

Rosalynn羅莎琳(人名)WhiteHouse美國(guó)白宮Plains普萊恩斯(美國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)名)Atlanta亞特蘭大(美國(guó)城市名)ProperNames

Carter

Center卡特中心(組織名)EmoryUniversity艾默瑞大學(xué)(美國(guó)南方名校)Thomaston托馬斯頓(美國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)名)Georgia佐治亞州(美國(guó)州名)ProperNames

Barbara

Walters芭芭拉·

沃爾特斯(人名)ReadingComprehensionDecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).Thengobacktothetextforacheckofyourunderstanding.Youshouldtellwhichline(s)ofwhichparagraphsupport(s)you.Finally,workinpairstocorrectthosefalsestatements.ReadingComprehensionFactSearching1Theauthorandhiswifewouldnotyetconsiderthemselvesasseniorcitizensbecausetothemagingwassomethingshameful.Line(s)______Para______._____________________________________________________.2Thewaitressintherestaurantwasobviouslyunawarethatshehadsomehowunderchargedtheauthoruntilshewasremindedofthat.

Line(s)______Para______.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.T3-41

F9-151Theauthoratfirstassumedthatthedifferenceonthebillwasamistakebythewaitress,buthewastoldlaterthatnomistakewasinvolvedandthatfreecoffeewasofferedintherestaurantbefore8inthemorningasapreferentialtreatmenttoseniorcitizens.ReadingComprehensionFactSearching3Intheireffortstogetadjustedtolifeintheirretiredyears,theauthorandhiswifehaveexperiencedverytryingmoments.Line(s)______Para______._____________________________________________________.4TheauthorwassatisfiedwithhisanswerintheinterviewwithBarbaraWaltersinwhichhetoldherthattheirsenioryearshadbeentheirbesttime.Line(s)_____Para______.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________.1-43T3-55FTheauthorrecalledhisanswerintheinterviewafterwards,andwasobviouslydissatisfiedwithwhathehadsaid.HealsodiscussedlifewithhiswifeandtheyagreedthattherealityoftheirsenioryearswassignificantlydifferentandpleasantReadingComprehensionFactSearching5Accordingtotheauthor,theirlifeexperienceinthelateryearsistremendouslydifferentfromthatofmostotherpeoplebecausetheyhadenjoyedaspecialstatusastheFirstFamilyoftheUniteStates

Line(s)__3-6____Para__6__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________FAlthoughtheyusedtobetheFirstFamilyoftheU.S.,theyarenotmuchdifferentfromthetensofmillionsofordinarypeoplewhohavetofaceuptotheproblemsofagingtowhichnoonecouldbeanexception.6Theauthor'squestionattheendofthearticlesuggeststhat,withapositiveattitudeandanopenmind,elderlypeopleshouldbeabletoenjoyahappyandproductivelife.

Line(s)__6-7____Para___6___._____________________________________________________.TChoosethebestoptiontofinishthefollowingexercises.ReadingComprehensionReadingAnalysis1Accordingtothetext,whatmadetheauthorandhiswifefirstrealizethattheyalreadyrankedamongseniorcitizens?A.AnoticefromtheAmericanAssociationofRetiredPersons.B.AninaccuratebillinarestaurantofThomaston.C.ThecoffeeofferedfreeinarestaurantofThomaston.D.BarbaraWalters'specialinterviews.Choosethebestoptiontofinishthefollowingexercises.ReadingComprehensionReadingAnalysis2By"Ifumbledwithsomethoughtsabouttimeforreflection..."(Para.5),whatdoestheauthortrytotellus?A.TheauthordidnothaveadequatetimetoorganizethoughtsbeforegivingreasonableanswerstoBarbara'squestion.B.TheauthorhadtriedhisbesttosearchforallthepossiblereasonsinanswertoBarbara'squestion.C.TheauthorwashopingtobegivenmoretimeforbetterconsiderationofBarbara'squestion.D.TheauthorfailedtopresentadequatereasonsinanswertoBarbara'squestionforlackofconsideration.

Choosethebestoptiontofinishthefollowingexercises.ReadingComprehensionReadingAnalysis3Accordingtotheauthor,untilheapproachedhisseventiethbirthdayhedidnotquiterealizethatA.lifehadchangedsomuchbecauseofretirement.B.theywerehavingthebestyearsintheirlife.C.hehadhadanumberofexcitingandchallengingcareersbeforeretirement.D.theyhadbeenworkinghardtoachieveapleasantseniorlifesinceretirement.Choosethebestoptiontofinishthefollowingexercises.ReadingComprehensionReadingAnalysis4Bysaying"Aswe'vegrownoldertheresultshavebeensurprisinglygood"(Para.3),theauthormeansthatA.theyhaveneverthoughttheywouldstillbeabletolivetheirseniorlifeashappilyastheyhadbefore.B.withpersistentefforts,theyhavebeenabletobuildbetterrelationswithotherpeopleafterretirement,whichhavebenefitedthemtremendously.C.outoftheirexpectation,theyhavebeenabletoliveamuchbetterlifeevenwhenthey'vegrownolderandhavetoputupwithdifficultiesandproblemsresultingfromage.D.withpersistentefforts,theyhavebeenabletomaketheirretiredlifeashappy,interestingandmeaningfulaseverdespitethepossibledifficultiesandproblemsresultingfromage.Choosethebestoptiontofinishthefollowingexercises.ReadingComprehensionReadingAnalysis5Whydoestheauthorsay"RosalynnandIarenottypical"inthelastparagraph?A.BecausetheirlifeastheFirstFamilyofthenationhasbeentosomeextentdifferentfrommostAmericanfamilies.B.BecausetheyaretosomeextentprivilegedastheFirstFamilyofAmerica.C.Becausetheynotonlyenjoybenefitsbutalsohaveliabilitiesinalmosteveryaspectoflife.D.BecauseservingasPresidentofthecountryisaspecialstatusthattheaverageAmericanfamilycannotenjoy.Choosethebestoptiontofinishthefollowingexercises.ReadingComprehensionReadingAnalysis6Whatisthesignificanceofthispassage?A.Theimportanceofhavingapositiveunderstandingofageanddealingconfidentlywiththechallengesandproblemsinone'slateryears.