熱點(diǎn)03“輕斷食”“斷碳水”真的管用嗎

（如何控制體重）

熱點(diǎn)解讀

有關(guān)體重與健康的英語閱讀主題圍繞“輕斷食”“斷碳水”等流行減肥方法的科學(xué)性與爭(zhēng)議展開，屬于社會(huì)

熱點(diǎn)與健康科普的交叉領(lǐng)域。材料通常以“質(zhì)疑流行觀點(diǎn)一科學(xué)驗(yàn)證一提出解決方案”為邏輯主線，例如通過

對(duì)比短期減重效果（如水分流失）與長期健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（代謝紊亂、營養(yǎng)失衡），引導(dǎo)學(xué)生辯證看待減肥方法的

有效性。同時(shí)，主題會(huì)融入健康體重管理的核心要素（如熱量控制、運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)），強(qiáng)調(diào)理論與實(shí)踐的結(jié)合，

符合初中生認(rèn)知發(fā)展的需求。

閱讀語篇選材多采用說明文與議論文結(jié)合的混合體裁。說明文部分通過科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)（如BMI指數(shù)計(jì)

算）、權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)建議（如國家衛(wèi)健委指南）解釋“斷碳水”的生理機(jī)制與潛在危害；議論文部分以觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比（如

“快速減肥”與“均衡飲食”）引發(fā)批判性思考，并引用具體案例（如因斷碳水導(dǎo)致內(nèi)分泌失調(diào)的案例）增強(qiáng)說

服力。語篇語言兼具專業(yè)性（如代謝率、卡路里等術(shù)語）與生活化表達(dá)（如“身體像發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)”的類比），便于

學(xué)生理解抽象概念。

此類材料的命題設(shè)計(jì)緊扣中考英語閱讀的三大題型特點(diǎn)：主旨題要求歸納健康減重的核心理念（如“合

理飲食+規(guī)律運(yùn)動(dòng)”），需通過首尾段主題句定位答案；推斷題考查對(duì)隱性信息的理解，例如根據(jù)“輕斷食可

能導(dǎo)致肌肉流失”的表述，推斷科學(xué)減脂的關(guān)鍵在于保留肌肉；細(xì)節(jié)題聚焦數(shù)據(jù)與事實(shí)（如“每日500-600卡

輕斷食方案”），需快速定位關(guān)鍵詞（如數(shù)字、專有名詞）完成匹配。

限時(shí)提升練《（建議用時(shí)：40分鐘）

熱點(diǎn)話題01

“身材”“腰臀比”與“體重指數(shù)”等

Passage1

?DuringtheHanDynastypeoplepreferredsmallwaists,whileintheTangDynastypeopleadmired

plumpness（圓潤）,consideringitasymbolofbeauty.Untilthisday,people'sbuildisstillahottopic.

②Nowsomegirlsdon'tfeelconfidentiftheyhaveapear-shapedbuild,withhipsthatarewiderthanthe

bustandshoulders.Manypear-shapedgirlstrytohidetheirhipsandlegsunderlargedressesandpants.

?However,arecentstudysuggestedthatpear-shapedpeoplearetheoneswhowonthegeneticlottery（基因

彩票）!

④ThestudybytheUSNationalLibraryofMedicinefoundthatthewaist-to-hipratio（WHR,腰臀比）

showsthestrongestrelationshipwithdeath.Traditionally,theBMI（體重指數(shù)）hasbeenconsideredthebestwayto

judgewhetherapersonishealthyornot.However,thisstudychallengesthisconclusion.Aftersurveyingnearly

40,000people,scientistsfoundnomatterwhataperson'sBMIis,thelargerhisWHRis,theeasierhewilldie.

Insteadoffocusingonhowmuchfatapersonhas,scientistssuggestpeopleshouldfocusmoreonwherethefatis

inaperson'sbody.

⑤WHR,asitsnamesuggests,comparesyourwaisttoyourhip.Alargerwaistmeansmorecentralfat,which

couldmeanmorevisceralfat（內(nèi)臟脂肪）.Morevisceralfatincreasestheriskofillnesses.Thafswhypeoplewitha

pear-shapedbodyarealwayshealthierthanothers.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,ahealthyWHRis

lessthan0.85forwomenandlessthan0.9formen.

?ResearchersfromJohnsHopkinsUniversitysuggestedweshouldfocusmoreonhealthinsteadofthe

build.Asmiddleschoolstudents,sincewearegrowing,it'sprettycommontoputonsomeweightandgetbigger.

Wecan'tcontrolournaturalbodytypes,butwecancontrolourhealth.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"if'inParagraph1referto?

A.Smallwaist.B.Plumpness.C.Thegoodbuild.D.Pear-shapedbody.

2.Whichofthefollowingshouldgirlsfocusmoreonaccordingtothepassage?

A.TheyshouldtrytokeeptheirBMIaslowaspossibletogetgoodhealth.

B.TheyshouldkeeptheirWHRwithinthehealthylimitoflessthan0.85.

C.Theyonlyneedtomaketheirwaistsassmallaspossibletolookpretty.

D.TheyshouldfocusoncuttingdownbothBMIandWHRtothelowest.

3.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthispassage?

A.①②/③/④/⑤⑥B.①/②/③④/⑤⑥

C.①②/③/④⑤/⑥D(zhuǎn).①/②/③④⑤/⑥

4.Whatmayhappenaccordingtothepassage?

A.Pear-shapedgirlswillstopwearinglargeclothes.

B.Doctorswon'tuseBMItocheckpeople'shealth.

C.PeoplewillcaremoreaboutWHRforhealth.

D.Schoolswillteachmoreaboutbodyshapes.

Passage2

?Americansspendbillionsofdollarseachyeartryingtochangetheirweight.Justhavinganeatinghealth

carecostsnearly$2,000perpersonintheUS.Whyaresomanypeopletryingtheirbesttolook“perfect”?

②Onereasonisthatsocietyrewards（獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)）peoplewhoarethinandhealthy-looking.Researcheshave

shownthatagoodbodyshapehassomethingtodowithwages（工資），especiallyforwomen.Thatmeanshow

muchyou'repaideverymonthpartlydependsonhowyourbossconsidersyourbodyshape.

?Besides,womenalwayscaremoreabouttheirweightthanmen.Theyalwaysthinkthey5reheavierthan

theyactuallyare.

?However,tryingtolook“perfect“hasadarkside:worry,depression（抑有B）andunhealthywaystolose

weight.

（§）TomQuinn,adoctorworkingforWHO,sayspeoplewhoaren'tsatisfiedwiththeirbodyshapemight

developaneatingproblem."Thisisonlyoneofmanyillnessesthatitcanleadto.^^hesays.

@Sohowcanwestarttodealwithaproblemthathasbeenaroundforyears?StateofMichiganhasdone

somethingtostopthiskindofdiscrimination（歧視）onbodyshape.Michiganchangedlaws-whoevertreatsothers

lessfairlyjustbecauseoftheirbodyshapewouldbepunished.

⑦Ibelievemoreactionswillbetakentoprotectourrights.Hopepeoplealwaysputtheirhealthfirstand

giveuptheideaofhavinga“perfect“bodyshape.

1.Accordingtothewriter,agirlwhowantstolookperfectMAYNOTbe.

9普

2.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Agoodbodyshapehasnothingtodowithmen'swagesintheworkplace.

B.Womencaremoreaboutwhethertheyhaveagoodbodyshapethanmendo.

C.Fewerandfewerpeoplemightbetreatedunfairlyfortheirimperfectbodyshape.

D.Mostofthepeoplewhohaveaperfectbodyshapecangetanother$2,000everymonth.

3.Whafsthepurposeofwritingthispassage?

A.Toshowpeopletheimportanceofhavingagoodbodyshape.

B.Totellpeoplethewaytogethigherwagesintheirworkplace.

C.Towarnbossesnottotreatothersunfairlyfortheirimperfectbodyshape.

D.Tomakepeoplelessworriedaboutbodyshapeandprotectthemselves.

4.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?

-Introduction:(T)

-latroduction:

Reasons:Reasons:

Problems:(4)

A.Bodyshape"Problems:00B.Bodyshape-

Suggestion:^Y?)

Action:

-Conclusion:(7)

-Conclusion:0?

-Introduction:

-Introduclion:?

Reasons:

R年ons:?

C.Highwages-Problems:(3D.Highwages-Problems:?

Action:Suggestion:?

-Conclusion:LConclusion:

熱點(diǎn)話題02

肥胖癥：原因及危害

Passage1

Obesity(月巴胖癥)isbecomingaseriousproblemamongpeopleofallagesnow.Itissaidthatabout41.1%of

Chinesemenand27.7%ofChinesewomenareoverweightorobese.

HowdoIknowwhetherIamoverweight?

WorkoutyourBodyMassIndex(BMI)(身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)).BMI=Weight(kg)/Height2(m2)

WaystoControlYourWeight

Heartproblems*Drinkalotofwater.

Highbloodpressure*Eatmorefruitandvegetables.

Highbloodsugar"Exercisealot.

Cancer（癌癥）*Keepaneyeonyourweight.

Eatingtoomuch*Stayawayfromfoodwithhighsugarorfat.

Poorsleep*Relaxandhaveenoughsleep.ReasonsforObesity

1.IfNickisconsideredobese,hisBMImaybe.

A.23B.28C.32

2.Whichofthefollowingcanbeputin“"？

A.ResultsofObesity

B.WaysofLosingWeight

C.AnIntroductiontoBeingObese

3.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Youmaygetobesebecauseofenoughsleep.

B.BMIisanumberthatcantellifyou'reobese.

C.Obesityisaseriousproblemonlyinteenagers.

4.Wemayreadthistextfromthesectionofinanewspaper.

A.HealthCareB.EatingCustomsC.ScienceWindow

Passage2

Inourbusysocietywherefoodisreadilyavailable（可得至！J的）fromdelivery（遞送）servicesandfastfood

restaurants,almostoneinthreeAmericanadultsisnowconsideredtobeobese.Childhoodobesityisalsoatan

all-timehigh.

Obesitymeansveryoverweight.Ifyouareobese,youhavetoomuchbody-fat.Doctorsdefine（定義）obesity

ashavingaBodyMassIndex（BMI）of30orhigher,andoverweightashavingaBMIof25to30.

Ifyoueatmorefoodthanyourbodycanuse,thiswillmakeyouputonweight.Foodthatyourbodydoesnot

needasenergywillbestoredasfatbyyourbody.

Thefollowingarethemajorfactorsthatincreasetheriskofobesity.

?Whatyoueatplaysamajorroleinweightgain.Eatingalotoffatteningfoodssuchashamburgers,sweet

drinks,icecreamsandothersweetandfattyfoodscanincreasetheriskofbecomingobese.

?Ifyoudonotdoenoughexercise,youwillputonweightasthefoodyoueatisnotbeingusedtomake

energyforphysicalactivities.

?Thechancesofyoubeingobesearegreaterifyourparentsareobese.

?Therearemanypsychological（心理的）factorsthatcausepeopletoeattoomuch.

Peoplewhoarestressed,unhappyorboredwillofteneattomakethemselvesfeelbetter.Thisisknownas

comforteating.

?Ageisanotherfactor,asyoutendtobelessactivewhenyougetolder.Theamountofmuscleinyourbody

usuallydecreases（下降）asyougetolderandthiscausesthemetabolism（新陳代謝）toslowdown.Asaresultof

thesechanges,youneedtoeatless,andifyoudonoteatlessasyougrowolder,youwillputonweight.

Obesitycancausemanyhealthdisorderssuchashighbloodpressure,diabetes（糖尿?。?，heartproblems,

cancerandmanyotherseriousmedicalconditions.

1.Whatcausesolderpeopletobecomeobese?

A.Eatingtoolittlewhileexercisingtoomuch.B.Sleepingallday.

C.Havingtoomuchbeerwhileyoung.D.Slowermetabolism.

2.Theunderlinedsentence/Childhoodobesityisalsoatanall-timehigh."suggeststhat.

A.alltheAmericanchildrenareobeseB.therearemoreobesechildrenthanbefore

C.therearefewerobesechildrenintheUSAD.obesitydoesnoharmtohealth

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutobesityistrue?

A.Obesityandoverweightareactuallythesame.B.Eatingtoomuchincreasetheriskofobesity.

C.Onlychildrencanbeobese.D.Exercisemakesnodifferencetoobesity.

4.Whatisthenextparagraphofthisarticlemostprobablyabout?

A.Howdoctorstreatdisease.B.Howdiseasesarecausedbyobesity.

C.Howtoavoidobesity.D.HowtogetusedtothebusylifeintheUSA.

熱點(diǎn)話題03

體重背后的科學(xué)

Passage1

Isthereabesttimetosleep?Actually,youhaveanamazingbiologicalclock（生物鐘）insideyourbody

whichcantellyousometruefacts.

From11p.m.to3a.m.,yourliver（肝臟）getslargerwhenfilledwithmorebloodanditletstherubbishin

yourbodyout.Ifyougotosleepat11p.m.,youhave4hourstocleanouttherubbish.AndIfyousleepat2a.m.,

there'sonlyonehourtogo.Whatifyousleepafter3a.m.?Unfortunately,youwon'thaveanytimetoclean

yourself!Ifyoucontinuewiththissleepinghabit,therewillbemoretoxins（毒素）inyourbody.Youknowwhat

willhappennext.

Whatifyougotobedlateandwakeuplate?Didyourealizeyoufeltverytiredthenextdaynomatterhow

muchyouslept?

Goingtobedlateisverybadforyourhealth.Besidesnothavingenoughtimetocleanyourbody,youwill

missoutonotherimportantbodyfunctions,too.

From3a.m.to5a.m.,youshouldexerciseandbreatheinfreshairtotakeingoodenergyintoyourbody.

Andfrom7a.m.to9a.m.,ifsthebesttimetohavebreakfast.Thisisyourmostimportantmealinaday.Not

havingbreakfastcauseslotsofhealthproblemsinthefuture.

Soyoumustknowtheimportanceofyourbiologicalclock.Ifyouhavemuchworktodountillateatnight,

whynotgotobedearlyandwakeupearlytodoit?You'llgetthesametime,butyourbodywillgetfit.

1.Whattimeareyousupposedtogotobed?

A.At11p.m.B.At2a.m.C.At3a.m.D.At5a.m.

2.Whatwillhappentoyouifyoualwaysgotobedlate?

A.You'11loseweight.B.Ybu911domorework.

C.Yourliverwillgetlarger.D.Therewillbemoretoxinsinyourbody.

3.Theunderlinedword"functions^^inParagraph4probablymeansinChinese.

A.素質(zhì)B.功能C.釋放D.消化

4.WhichofthefollowingisWRONGaccordingtothepassage?

A.Theliverhelpscleanouttherubbishinthebody.

B.It'sbesttohavebreakfastbetween7a.m.to9a.m.

C.It'snecessarytostayuplateifthere9smuchworktodo.

D.You'dbetterenjoyagoodsleepfrom11p.m.to3a.m.

5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?

A.Followyourbiologicalclockandyou'llgetfit.B.Dodifferentthingsindifferenttimesofaday.

C.Doingexerciseisquitenecessary.D.Gotobedasearlyaspossible.

Passage2

Whatmakespeoplegainweight?Thisseemslikeasimpleenoughquestiontoanswer.Ifweeatalotand

don'tdoenoughexercise,wewillbecomefat.However,thesciencebehindweightproblemismorecomplicated

（復(fù)雜的）thanwethink.

Asweknow,whatweeatgreatlyaffects（影響）ourweight.Itiswidelyacceptedthatpeoplehave100%

controlwhattheyeatandhowmuchtheyeat.This,however,isonlypartlytrue.Peopleformhabitsaroundfoodat

ayoungage.Youmaynottouchvegetableswhileovereatingdeliciousbeef.Also,theservingsizeandthe

backgroundmusiccanbothaffecthowmuchweeat.

Ourbodiesthemselvescandecidewhetherwearemorelikelytogainweightorloseweight.Scientistshave

foundthatthemoredeliciousthefoodtastes,themoreexcitedourbrainsget.Ifweoftenhavedeliciousfood,over

time,ourbrainswillchange.Comparedtopeopleofnormalweight,fatpeoplefeelmoreexcitedwhentheysee

deliciousfood.

Also,ourbodiesuseavarietyofhormones（多種激素）totellourbrainswhethertheyarehungryorfull.

Ghrelin（胃饑餓素），forexample,tellsthebrainthatthebodywantsfood.Leptin（瘦素）,meanwhile,tellsthebrain

thatit'stimetostopeating.Normally,ghrelinandleptinhelpustomaintainahealthyweight.Butsometimes,they

mayworkimproperly.Aswegetfatter,thelevelsofleptininourbodiesrise.Ourbrainsaretoldnottoeatallthe

time.Intheend,theywouldnolongertrustleptinandwouldstopreplyingtoits“warnings”.Whenwestarttolose

weight,leptinlevelsdrop.Ourbrainsthinkwearehungryandmakeusfindfoodtoeat.

Nowyouknowwhyfatpeopleoftenhaveahardtimelosingweight.Theymayhavetriedveryhard,but

theirbodiesareworkingagainsttheirwill.

1.Whydoesthewriteruseaquestiontostartthepassage?

A.Tointerestreaders.B.Tocollectanswers.C.Toexpressdoubt.D.Togiveadvice.

2.Whichofthefollowingaffecthowmuchweeataccordingtoparagraph2?

?Eatinghabits②Eatingpartners?Servingsize?Backgroundmusic?Cookingskills

A.①②④B.①③④C.③④⑤D.①④⑤

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“maintain“inparagraph4mean?

A.恢復(fù)B.影響C.保持D.表現(xiàn)

4.Whyisitharderforfatpeopletoloseweight?

A.Becausetheyalwaysgiveuphalfway.

B.Becausetheirbodiesdon'tfollowtheirwill.

C.Becausetheirhormonesdisappearmorequickly.

D.Becausetheyhavetofilltheirstomachs.

熱點(diǎn)話題04

“素食”與“零食式鍛煉”

Passage1

Somepeopledecidetostopeatingmeatandbegintoacceptavegan（素食）dietbecauseofhealthreasons.

Thiswayofeatingavoidsallanimalproducts,includingmeat,fish,milk,eggsandevenhoney.

Makingthechangecanbeachallengeforpeoplewhooftenhavedairyandmeatintheirdiet,accordingto

DenaChampion,adietitian,anexpertondietandnutrition（營養(yǎng)學(xué)），fromOhioStateUniversityWexnerMedical

Center.Sheaddedthatstartingavegandietcouldchangeyourbodyincertainways.Itmightevenoffersome

healthbenefits.

Reducedbodyweight

Insteadofhigh-fatproteinslikebaconandbeef,vegansgettheirproteinfromplant-basedsourcessuchas

tofu,beans,soymilk,andsoon."Thiscanleadtolosingweight.Consideringthattwo-thirdsofAmericansare

overweight,thiscanhaveapositiveeffectonbodyshapeandhealth99,saysKaileyProctor,adietitianatSt.Joseph

HospitalinCalifornia.

Improvedbloodsugarcontrol

Becausebeingoverweightisamajorriskfordevelopingdiabetes（糖尿?。?losingweightcanlowerthatrisk.

TherewasonestudyfromsomeexpertspublishedinthemagazineNutrientsin2018.Theexpertschosesome

overweightpeoplewithnohistoryofdiabetestoswitchtoavegandiet.Thentheyfollowedthemfor16weeks.

Improvementsandbettereffectsareseeninthosepeopleincontrollingbloodsugarlevels.

Reducedcancerrisk

There?salsothechancetoreduceyourriskofdevelopingcancer."'Vegandiets,whenplannedcorrectly,are

alsoveryhighinfruits,vegetablesandwholegrains.Theseplant-basedfoodshavebeenshowntoreducetherisk

ofcancer.^saysProctor.Weshouldalwaysfocusonconsumingwhole,freshfoodsasmuchaspossible.It's

importanttomakesureyou'regettingenoughnutrientsforyourhealth.

1.Whichonebelongstoavegandiet?

A.Meat,fish,milk.B.Eggs,honey,soymilk.

C.Tofu,beans,milk.D.Tofu,beans,soymilk.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"This"probablyreferto?

A.Thefoodsthatcontainhigh-fatproteins.

B.Thewaythatthevegansgettheirprotein.

C.Thefactthattwo-thirdsofAmericansareoverweight.

D.Thedietthatmayhaveabadeffectonpeople'sbodies.

3.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?(Subheadingsarenotparagraphs)

A.Thereasonforlosingweight.

B.Thereasonforbeingdiabetes.

C.Astudyofgettingtoomuchweight.

D.Astudyofcontrollingbloodsugar.

4.Whafsthestructureofthearticle?(P=Paragraph)

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthearticle?

A.Howtoreducebodyweight

B.Howtocontrolbloodsugar

C.Whatavegandietcanbringtopeople

D.Whatwecandotoreducecancerrisk

Passage2

Whatshouldyoudowhenyoucan'tfindthetimetodoalongworkout?Haveyouheardofexercisesnacks

（零食式鍛煉）？

Exercisesnacksareapopularnewwayforpeopletostayfit.Insteadofspendinghoursontheplayground,

peoplebreakthat"largemeal“intoexercise“snacks”.Theseexercisescanlastanywherefrom20secondstotwo

minutes.Thenyoucanhavearestfor30minutestofourhoursbeforeanothersnack.

Itisreportedthatexercisesnackscanbeasusefulastraditionalexercisemethods（方式）.Justthreeexercise

snacksadaycanbenefit（使受益）yourphysicalhealth.Besidesthat,therearelotsofotherbenefits.Your

concentration（專注力）andcreativitygetbetter.Also,“snacking“throughout（貫穿）thedaystopsyoufromsitting

toolong.

Therearesomanyacceptable（可接受的）exercisesnacks,likedoingsit-ups,jumpingropeorrunningup

anddownsomestairs（樓梯）.Butforthosewhodon'tknowwheretostart,herearesomehelpfulexercisechoices:

Exercisessuchasliftingweightswillsatisfy（滿足）theneeds.Sincemostpeopledon'tkeepweightsattheir

offices,liftfullwaterbottles.

Squats（深蹲）一movingyourbodyasiftositdownwhilekeepingyourbackstraight.Fivetotenofthese

shouldmakeagoodsnack.

Forthosewhodon'tliketraditionalexercises,simplyturnupthemusic.Pickalivelysongandstartdancing.

If11makeforafunworkout.

Whatareyouwaitingfor?Lefsgetmoving.Yourbodywillthankyouforit!

1.Howlongcananexercisesnacklastaccordingtothepassage?

A.Twentysecondstotwominutes.B.Thirtyminutestofourhours.

C.Fivetotenminutes.D.Twentyminutestotwominutes.

2.Whichisanacceptableexercisesnackmentionedinthepassage?

A.Doingmathexercises.B.Eatingsnacks.

C.Doingsit-ups.D.Resting

3.Whatisthewriter'sattitude（態(tài)度）toexercisesnacks?

A.Doubtful.B.Unclear.C.Welcome.D.Disliked.

4.Whatisthemainpurp