單片機(jī)課程設(shè)計(jì)-----籃球賽計(jì)時(shí)計(jì)分器一、概述本計(jì)時(shí)計(jì)分器由計(jì)時(shí)部分、計(jì)分部分組成，外部控制由一個(gè)3ⅹ3的鍵盤和開關(guān)K0、K1實(shí)現(xiàn)。其中由K0可進(jìn)入暫停的中斷子程序，由K1可進(jìn)入加減分和交換分?jǐn)?shù)的中斷子程序。鍵盤的控制按鍵分布如下：乙方+1乙方-1交換甲方+1甲方-1繼續(xù)啟動(dòng)調(diào)分十位調(diào)分個(gè)位二、設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)1、能記錄整個(gè)賽程的比賽時(shí)間，并能修改時(shí)間、暫停比賽時(shí)間。2、能隨時(shí)刷新甲、乙兩隊(duì)的比分。3、中場(chǎng)交換比賽場(chǎng)地時(shí)，能交換甲、乙兩隊(duì)比分的位置。4、比賽開始后，由一個(gè)發(fā)光二極管點(diǎn)亮來指示，當(dāng)比賽暫?；蚪Y(jié)束時(shí)，此發(fā)光二極管熄滅，比賽繼續(xù)時(shí)又重新點(diǎn)亮。三、方案論證1、整個(gè)電路的顯示可用靜態(tài)顯示或動(dòng)態(tài)顯示，由于靜態(tài)顯示浪費(fèi)資源，所以選擇了動(dòng)態(tài)掃描顯示。2、數(shù)碼顯示時(shí)從十六進(jìn)制到七段碼的轉(zhuǎn)換可通過專門的芯片CD4511來實(shí)現(xiàn)，也可由軟件來實(shí)現(xiàn)，由于此電路用6位數(shù)碼管，用硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)電路連接比較復(fù)雜，所以選擇了用軟件來實(shí)現(xiàn)。3、記分部分可由串口逐位輸出，再經(jīng)過一個(gè)串并轉(zhuǎn)換芯片CD4094接到數(shù)碼管a-g上，也可由并口直接輸出。由于采用動(dòng)態(tài)掃描方式，串口輸出顯示不易實(shí)現(xiàn)，所以選擇了用8255并口輸出。4、外部控制可由開關(guān)的“0”、“1四、所需器件及電路連接1、所需器件8255芯片一塊，MCS51單片機(jī)芯片一塊，發(fā)光二極管一個(gè)，3ⅹ3鍵盤一個(gè)，開關(guān)兩個(gè)，數(shù)碼管六個(gè)。2、電路連接P3.2—K0,P3.3—K1,P1.0--發(fā)光二極管,PA口—a到g,PB口—掃描口,PC0-2—鍵盤行key1-key3。五、流程圖六、實(shí)際制作和調(diào)試1、程序清單*********************************************************************40H單元存放計(jì)時(shí)分鐘十位，41H單元存放計(jì)時(shí)分鐘個(gè)位，42H單元存放計(jì)時(shí)秒鐘十位，43H單元存放計(jì)時(shí)秒鐘個(gè)位，44H單元存放甲隊(duì)的得分，45H單元存放乙隊(duì)的得分，有鍵按下時(shí)50H單元存放鍵值。R4存放TR0溢出次數(shù)。*********************************************************************ORG0000HAJMPLK1ORG0003H;外部中斷0(P32)LJMPPAUSEORG000BH;T0中斷LJMPCTCOORG0013H;外部中斷1(P33)LJMPFENORG0100H；主程序LK1:MOVDPTR,#8003H ；初始化MOVA,#81HMOVX@DPTR,AMOVTMOD,#01HMOVTL0,#0B0HMOVTH0,#3CHMOVSP,#60HSETBEASETBET0SETBEX0SETBEX1CLRIT0CLRIT1MOV44H,#00HMOV45H,#00HMOV40H,#00HMOV41H,#00HMOV50H,#00HCLRP1.0MOV42H,#05HMOV43H,#09HMP:LCALLSHOWLK3:LCALLSHOWLCALLKEYMOVA,50HCJNEA,#02H,LK6 ；調(diào)分十位鍵沒按下時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)LK6MOV50H,#00H；調(diào)分十位LCALLSHOWINC40HMOVA,40HCJNEA,#0AH,LK3MOV40H,#00HAJMPLK3LK6:LCALLSHOWLCALLKEYMOVA,50HCJNEA,#03H,LK5；調(diào)分個(gè)位鍵沒按下時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)LK5MOV50H,#00H；調(diào)分個(gè)位LCALLSHOWINC41HMOVA,41HCJNEA,#0AH,LK6MOV41H,#00HAJMPLK6LK5:LCALLSHOWLCALLKEYMOVA,50HCJNEA,#01H,LK3 ；啟動(dòng)鍵沒按下時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)LK3MOV50H,#00H ；啟動(dòng)SETBTR0MOVR4,#0AHSETBP1.0SCAN:ACALLSHOW ；不斷調(diào)用顯示，等待AJMPSCANKEY:ACALLKS1 ；鍵盤掃描子程序，最后將鍵值存入50HJNZA1 ；單元NI:ACALLSHOWAJMPKEYA1:ACALLSHOWACALLSHOWACALLKS1JNZA2AJMPNIA2:MOVR2,#1FHMOVR6,#00HA4:MOVDPTR,#8001HMOVA,R2MOVX@DPTR,AINCDPLMOVXA,@DPTRJBACC.0,LONEMOVA,#01HAJMPLKPLONE:JBACC.1,TWOMOVA,#04HAJMPLKPTWO:JBACC.2,NEXT1MOVA,#07HLKP:ADDA,R6PUSHACCA3:ACALLSHOW ；判斷鍵是否釋放ACALLKS1JNZA3POPACCMOV50H,ARETNEXT1:INCR6MOVA,R2JNBACC.3,KNDRRAMOVR2,AAJMPA4KND:AJMPKEYKS1:MOVDPTR,#8001HMOVA,#00HMOVX@DPTR,AINCDPLMOVXA,@DPTRCPLAANLA,#07HRET ；鍵掃描程序結(jié)束SHOW:MOVR1,#45H ；顯示子程序MOVR3,#06HMOVR2,#01HLD0:MOVDPTR,#8001HMOVA,#0MOVX@DPTR,AMOVDPTR,#DSEG0MOVA,@R1MOVCA,@A+DPTRMOVDPTR,#8000HMOVX@DPTR,AMOVDPTR,#8001HMOVA,R2MOVX@DPTR,AMOVA,R2RLAMOVR2,ADECR1DJNZR3,LD0RETDSEG0:DB3FH,06H,5BH,4FH,66H,6DHDSEG1:DB7DH,07H,7FH,6FH,77H,7CHDSEG2:DB39H,5EH,79H,71HCTCO:LCALLSHOW ；TR0中斷程序DJNZR4,NEXTMOVR4,#0AH ；每中斷十次后計(jì)時(shí)器DEC43H ；減1LCALLSHOWMOVA,43HCJNEA,#00H,NEXTMOV43H,#0AHMOVA,42HCJNEA,#00H,LP3MOV42H,#05HMOVA,41HCJNEA,#00H,LP2MOV41H,#09HMOVA,40HCJNEA,#00H,LP1CLRP1.0CLRTR0AJMPPPPLP3:DEC42HAJMPNEXTLP1:DEC40HAJMPNEXTLP2:DEC41HNEXT:MOVTL0,#0B0HMOVTH0,#3CHPPP:RETIPAUSE:CLRTR0CLRP1.0LCALLKEYMOVA,50HCJNEA,#06H,PAUSESETBTR0SETBP1.0RETIFEN:LCALLKEYMOVA,50HAAA:CJNEA,#04H,JIA0 ；當(dāng)按鍵鍵值為04H時(shí)甲方MOV50H,#00H ；+1INC44HAJMPIIIJIA0:CJNEA,#05H,YI1 ；當(dāng)按鍵鍵值為05H時(shí)甲方MOV50H,#00H ；-1DEC44HAJMPIIIYI1:CJNEA,#07H,YI0 ；當(dāng)按鍵鍵值為07H時(shí)乙方MOV50H,#00H ；+1INC45HAJMPIIIYI0:CJNEA,#08H,CHANGE ；當(dāng)按鍵鍵值為08H時(shí)乙方MOV50H,#00H ；-1DEC45HAJMPIIICHANGE:CJNEA,#09H,AAA ；甲乙交換分?jǐn)?shù)MOV50H,#00HKP12:MOVA,44HXCHA,45HMOV44H,AACALLSHOWIII:RETI2、整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中出現(xiàn)的問題及解決方法⑴由于開關(guān)的重復(fù)觸發(fā)，導(dǎo)致在調(diào)試過程中程序無法正常運(yùn)行，改用鍵盤代替開關(guān)來解決重復(fù)觸發(fā)的問題。⑵由于實(shí)驗(yàn)箱上只有六個(gè)數(shù)碼管，其中四個(gè)顯示倒計(jì)時(shí)的時(shí)間，所以甲乙雙方的分?jǐn)?shù)分別只用了一位，即分?jǐn)?shù)最大只能顯示到15。⑶外部中斷0用沿觸發(fā)方式進(jìn)入加減分程序時(shí)，按鍵兩次后（即加或減兩次）后才能返回，改用電平觸發(fā)方式后解決了這個(gè)問題。七、實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果運(yùn)行程序后，按調(diào)分十位、調(diào)分個(gè)位鍵可設(shè)定比賽計(jì)時(shí)時(shí)間。啟動(dòng)之后，計(jì)時(shí)電路會(huì)進(jìn)