09語篇類型-說明文閱讀真題回顧真題回顧（2024·海南·中考真題）Ahug(擁抱)isaformofhumantouchthathappenswhentwoormorepeopleholdeachotherclosely.Peoplehugformanydifferentreasonsintheirlives.Forexample,ifachildissad,aparentmayhughimorhertogivecomfort.Grown-upsmayhugtoshoweachotherlove.Friendsmayhugtoshowfriendship.Membersofateammayhugafterwinningagametoshowhappinessandencourageotherteammembers.Hugsmayseemunimportant,buthuggingisanecessaryhumanneed.Forexample,huggingisimportantinbuildinghumanrelationships.Whenapersonisgivenahug,heorshefeelslovedandimportant.Inthisway,itcreatesasenseoftrust,belonging(歸屬感)andsafetythatencouragesopencommunicationandunderstandingwithothers.Huggingalsohasmanyhealthadvantages.Forexample,hugscanbegoodforpeople’sheath.Researchhasshownthathugscanlowertheriskofgettingacoldaswellaslowerworrylevels.Givingandreceivinghugscanalsomakepeoplehappier.Finally,huggingcanevensavelives.Inrecentyears,doctorshavefoundthatitisbestwhenababyisheldsoonafterbeingborn.Itkeepsthebabywarmandhelpskeephisheartratestable(心率平穩(wěn)).Besides,thesebabiesfeelsaferandseemtobehappier.Sometimes,ahugfromamothercansavethelifeofhernewly-bornbabywhoisdying.Knowingtheimportanceofahug,onemanstartedtheFreeHugsCampaignin2001.Itwasanactofkindnesstoshowthateveryoneisanimportantperson.Givinghugstounknownpeoplewhowantedorneededabugbecamepopularinsociety.Now,themonthofJulyisknownasInternationalFreeHugsMonth.Someoneoncesaid,“Weneedfourhugsadayforlivingon.Weneedeighthugsadayforholdingon.Weneedtwelvehugsadayforgrowingup.”Theremaynotbemanypeoplewhogiveout12aday.Butforallitadvantages,maybeitissomethingweshouldalldomoreoften.1.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?A.Amothermayhughersontoshowhersadness.B.Friendsmayhugeachothertosharetheirinterests.C.Teammembersmayhugtosharehappinessofvictory.2.Whichofthefollowingshowstheadvantageofhuggingaccordingtothepassage?A.Huggingcanhelppeoplestayawayfromdanger.B.Huggingcanhelppeoplegetmorepleasure.C.Huggingcanhelpprotectpeoplefromillness.3.HowdoesthewriterdevelophisideainParagraph3?A.Byaskingquestions. B.Bygivingexamples. C.Bytellingstories.4.WhydidthemanstarttheFreeHugsCampaign?A.Toofferhelptoallkindsofpeople.B.Togivemorehugstoimportantpeople.C.Toencouragemorepeopletogivehugs.5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.MoreHugs,BetterLives B.MoreHugs,LessWorry C.FreeHugs,GoodFriends【答案與解析】本文介紹了擁抱在人際關系中的重要性及其對健康的益處，進一步說明了擁抱在情感上的溫暖和心理治療中的積極作用，并介紹了“免費擁抱運動”的由來。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Membersofateammayhugafterwinningagametoshowhappinessandencourageotherteammembers.”可知，團隊成員在贏得比賽后可能會擁抱以表達勝利的快樂，故選C。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Givingandreceivinghugscanalsomakepeoplehappier.”可知，擁抱可以讓人更快樂，故選B。3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Huggingalsohasmanyhealthadvantages.Forexample,hugscanbegoodforpeople’sheath.Researchhasshownthathugscanlowertheriskofgettingacoldaswellaslowerworrylevels.Givingandreceivinghugscanalsomakepeoplehappier.”可知，在第三段中作者通過列舉例子來說明擁抱的好處。故選B。4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Knowingtheimportanceofahug,onemanstartedtheFreeHugsCampaignin2001.”可知，發(fā)起免費擁抱活動是為了鼓勵更多的人給予擁抱，故選C。5.最佳標題題。通讀全文可知，文章講述了擁抱給人帶來的諸多好處，因此最適合的標題是“MoreHugs,BetterLives”，意為“更多的擁抱，更美好的生活”，故選A。知識積累知識積累說明文是以說明為主要表達方式用來說明事物，闡明事理的一種文體。它通過揭示概念來說明事物的特征、本質及其規(guī)律性，給人準確的科學知識或正確思想。一般可分為實體事物說明和抽象事物說明兩大類，詞典、教材、論文、實驗報告、產(chǎn)品說明書、廣告、解說詞及科學小品等都屬于說明文。閱讀說明文體裁的文章時應首先抓住下面的重要信息：（1）說明的對象；（2）說明對象的特征；（3）說明的方法（例證法；定義法；分類法；因果關系法；比較對照法；過程分析法）。一、文體概覽一般說來，英語說明文與其他文體一樣，文章所涉及的內容不外乎以下幾個方面，即who→what→when→where→how→why。1.who：問的是這篇文章的主體是誰？（即所要說明和描述的人或事物）2.what：問的是主體做了什么事情？（即主體表現(xiàn)出的特性、功能和用途）3.when和where：是在何時何地發(fā)生的？（即何時何地所表現(xiàn)出的特性、功能和用途）4.how：通過什么方式表現(xiàn)出來的？5.why：這種特性功能用途的原因是什么？做說明文閱讀理解題的時候，一定要記住上面的wh-word。邊閱讀，邊搜記，牢記要點，把握全文。二、突破技巧閱讀說明類文章重在把握被說明事物各因素之間的聯(lián)系，如因果、條件、從屬、并列等；以及說明方法，如定義、例釋、類比等?？忌鷳訌姶祟愇恼碌拈喿x訓練，不斷提高判斷、歸納、分析和解決問題的能力。首先我們平時要多關注科學題材的文章，了解一些基本的科普知識；其次，在閱讀時要注意實驗的目的和結果，不能憑想象和猜測下結論；對于較難理解的句子要利用語法結構去分析；最后，要利用文章特點找準主題句，把握中心，從而一一破解題目。1.宏觀策略快速讀題，正確理解題干，定位關鍵詞，帶著問題讀文章。運用正確的閱讀策略，變速閱讀文章，學會處理文中的冗余信息。注意特殊語言現(xiàn)象，在含有關鍵詞的句子處標上題號。注意正確項和干擾項的特征，回到文中確定答案。合理猜測，推敲生詞的含義。符合題目要求，對信息進行必要的加工處理。2.讀題方法先讀懂文章，然后按順序答題。此方法適合內容較易于理解和記憶的文章。先讀試題再讀文章，這樣我們可以帶著問題有的放矢地閱讀文章，迅速選出答案。先閱讀一篇文章，把握中心大意，然后開始答題，對暫時確定不了的答案，可回讀文章的有關內容并對其進行分析、推敲后再確定。對拿不準的答案，可先逐項排除自己有把握的錯誤選項，再將剩下的答案進行比較、篩選，直到確定最佳答案。3.注意事項限時閱讀：嚴格控制做題時間，具體到每一篇文章，通過有意識的訓練，達到時間分配上的合理性。帶著問題讀：先快速瀏覽一遍題目，再開始閱讀文章，有針對性的閱讀會提升速度。找對應詞句：中考閱讀理解的答案都會聚焦到文章的詞或句子上，在做題時找到相應的原文，并進行勾勒、標注，重點理解，有助于排除疑慮，且方便檢查。重點注意首段、尾段、首句、尾句：中考閱讀理解的材料都是有鮮明的中心句的，把握好中心句有助于全篇的理解。中心句通常位于首段、尾段、首句或尾句，需要特別注意。理解作者意圖：切勿將自己的意圖強加到文章中，特別是在做主旨大意題時。三、語篇結構1.結構布局2.試題類型中考英語中的說明文，按照說明對象的不同，通常可分為兩種類型：事物性說明文和事理性說明文。以河南省中考閱讀C篇為例：突破練習突破練習1（2024·廣東深圳·三模）In2019,Canadianswereadvisedtoacceptplant-basedproteinssuchasbeans,nutsandtofuinsteadofmeat.“Overthepastyears,we’veseenachangingfoodenvironmentwithmoreaccesstoplant-basedfood.Soit’snecessarytoexaminethenutritional(營養(yǎng)的)resultsofchildrenfollowingvegetarian(素食的)dietsinCanada,”saidDrJonathonMaguire,adoctoratSt.Michael’sHospitalofUnityHealthToronto.Researcherstested8,907childreninastudy.Thedatawerecollectedbetween2008and2019.Childrenweregroupedbytheirvegetarianstatus(狀態(tài))——definedasadietarypatternthatdoesn’tincludemeatornon-vegetarianstatus.Theresearchersfoundchildrenwhohadavegetariandiethadsimilarmeanbodymassindex(BMI),height,ironandvitaminDlevelstothosewhoatemeat.Buttheresearchersalsoshowedevidence(證據(jù))thatchildrenhavingavegetariandietwerenearlytwiceaslikelytobeunderweight.Therewasnoevidenceofaconnectionwithbeingoverweight.Beingunderweightmaybeasignthatthequalityofthechild’sdietdoesn’tmeethisorhernutritionalneedstosupportnormalgrowth.Forchildrenwhoeatavegetariandiet,theresearchersstressedaccesstohealthcareproviderswhocanprovidegrowthmonitoring,educationandguidancetosupportthechildren’sgrowthandnutritionalintake.Theplant-baseddietarypatternisrecognizedasahealthyeatingpatternbecauseofincreasedintakeoffruit,vegetables,wholegrainsandalowfatcontent.However,theresearchersdidn’tjudgethequalityofthevegetariandiets.Therearedifferenttypesofvegetariandiets,andachild’sgrowthandnutritionalintakemaybegreatlyaffectedbythediet’squality.Sofurtherresearchisneededtoexaminethequalityofvegetariandietsinchildhood,aswellasgrowthandnutritionalresultsamongchildrenfollowingavegetariandiet.1.WhatdoweknowaboutCanadians’diets?A.Plant-basedfoodcanbewidelyfound.B.Nutritionisthemostimportantincooking.C.Foodproductsaremoreaffordablethanbefore.D.Environmentally-friendlymaterialsareusedasfoodsources.2.Whatdidtheresearchersfindintheirstudy?A.Vegetarianchildrenwerehealthierthanchildreneatingmeat.B.Children’snutritionalintakehadabigeffectontheirintelligence.C.Childreneatingmeatweremorelikelytobeabovenormalweight.D.Vegetarianchildrenweremorelikelytobebelownormalweight.3.Whatistheresearchers’adviceoncaringforvegetarianchildren?A.Teachingthemtocookbythemselves.B.Havingthemreceivemedicaltreatmentregularly.C.Askingforprofessionalguidanceonhealthydietsforthem.D.Creatingacomfortablediningenvironmentforthem.4.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofthestudy?A.Itisofnoimportance. B.Itneedstobefurthercarriedout.C.Itprovidesnewideasforotherstudies. D.Itneedstobemorescientificandpractical.5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Itisgoodforchildrentohaveabalanceddiet.B.Canadianchildrenhavegotusedtheplant-baseddietarypattern.C.Vegetariandietsarehealthierandmorenutritiousthanmeat-baseddiets.D.Childrenwithavegetariandiethavesimilargrowthandnutritioncomparedtochildreneatingmeat.【答案與解析】本文主要討論了加拿大兒童的飲食習慣和營養(yǎng)狀況，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)與吃肉的兒童相比，吃素食的兒童有相似的生長和營養(yǎng)。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Overthepastyears,we’veseenachangingfoodenvironmentwithmoreaccesstoplant-basedfood.”可知，加拿大植物性食物隨處可見。故選A。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Buttheresearchersalsoshowedevidence(證據(jù))thatchildrenhavingavegetariandietwerenearlytwiceaslikelytobeunderweight.Therewasnoevidenceofaconnectionwithbeingoverweight.”可知，研究人員在研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)了素食兒童更有可能低于正常體重。故選D。3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Forchildrenwhoeatavegetariandiet,theresearchersstressedaccesstohealthcareproviderswhocanprovidegrowthmonitoring,educationandguidancetosupportthechildren’sgrowthandnutritionalintake.”可知，研究者建議素食兒童尋求健康飲食的專業(yè)指導。故選C。4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“However,theresearchersdidn’tjudgethequalityofthevegetariandiets.Therearedifferenttypesofvegetariandiets”可知，作者認為這項研究需要進一步開展。故選B。5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Theresearchersfoundchildrenwhohadavegetariandiethadsimilarmeanbodymassindex(BMI),height,ironandvitaminDlevelstothosewhoatemeat.”以及通讀全文可知，本文中心思想是與吃肉的兒童相比，吃素食的兒童有相似的生長和營養(yǎng)。故選D。2（2024·廣東惠州·一模）Ifyougotoarestaurantinwesterncountries,theywillserveyouacupofcoldwater,sometimesevenwithice.ButwhenChinesepeopleaskforhotwater,theymightgetastrangelookfromthewaiter(服務員)orothersaround.Manywesternersdon’tunderstandwhyChinesepeoplelikehotwatersomuch.InChina,drinkinghotwaterisverycommon.Webelievethathotfoodanddrinkarebetterforourstomachs.AccordingtotraditionalChinesemedicine,coldfoodcanmakeourbodytemperaturedrop.Anditwillmakeusfeelcoldandevencanleadtoillness.Buthotwaterwarmsourstomachs,helpingthemworkbetter.Italsoreducesthechanceofgettingstomachproblemsandhelpswithdigestion(消化).Ontheotherhand,manywesternersthinkdrinkinghotwatermakesthebodyweaker.Ifyouoftendrinkhotwater,yourbodymightnotbeabletoadaptcoolerwaterlater.InChina,wealsolikewarmfood.That’swhywaitersinChineserestaurantsalwaysgiveyouhotwaterortea.Butinwesterncountries,theylikecoldfood,sotheyprefercoldwatertoo.Theyalsolovehamburgers,cheese,andfriedfoodwhicharehighincalories(卡路里).Asamatteroffact,theyneedcolddrinktocoolthemoff.Drinkinghotwaterisahealthyhabit.ManyChinesedoctorsareencouragingpeoplearoundtheworldtotakeonthehabitofdrinkinghotwater.1.Whereisthispassagemostprobablyfrom?A.Asciencewebsite. B.Atravelnewspaper.C.Amusictextbook. D.Ahealthmagazine.2.What’sbetterforourstomachsfromParagraph2?A.Coldfoodanddrink. B.Hamburgersandfriedfood.C.Hotfoodanddrink. D.Hotfoodandcooldrink.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“adapt”inParagraph3mean?A.Fit. B.Help. C.Catch. D.Join.4.WhatdowaitersinChineserestaurantsalwaysgiveus?A.Hotwater. B.Coldfood. C.Coldwater. D.Colddrink.5.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.DrinkingCoolWaterIsGoodForHealthB.DrinkingHotWaterIsGoodForHealthC.EatingColdFoodCanMakeUsHealthyD.MakingHotTeaIsPopularInChina【答案與解析】本文討論了中西方在飲食和飲水方面的文化差異，特別是中國人偏好熱水的原因以及這種習慣對健康的好處，同時概述了西方人偏好冷飲的文化背景和原因。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，喝熱水是一種健康習慣，許多中醫(yī)鼓勵世界各地的人們養(yǎng)成喝熱水的習慣，所以文章屬于健康范疇，故選D。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Webelievethathotfoodanddrinkarebetterforourstomachs.”可知，熱的食物和飲料對胃更好，故選C。3.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Ifyouoftendrinkhotwater,yourbodymightnotbeabletoadaptcoolerwaterlater.”可知，如果經(jīng)常喝熱水，你的身體以后可能無法適應較涼的水，劃線詞的含義是“適應”，故選A。4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“That’swhywaitersinChineserestaurantsalwaysgiveyouhotwaterortea”可知，中餐館的服務員總是給我們熱水，故選A。5.最佳標題題。文章介紹了中西方關于飲水習慣的差異，喝熱水對胃更好，許多中醫(yī)鼓勵養(yǎng)成喝熱水的習慣，所以B項“喝熱水有益健康”為最佳標題，故選B。3（2024·福建福州·三模）Haveyoueverfeltlikeyou’renotsurehowyou’refeeling?Ormaybeyou’vetriedtotellsomeoneyourfeelings,buttheyarehardtoputintowords?Well,there’sanappforthat!FeelNowisafreeappthatyoucanuseonyourmobilephone.Ithelpsteenagersthinkaboutandunderstandtheirfeelings.Itwasdesignedbytwo17-year-olds,TaaraVermaandSienaPradhan,fromtheUS.Eachday,FeelNowsendsaremindertouserstorecordafeeling.Theuserspickonefromsixfeelings:happy,peaceful,angry,sad,disgusted(厭惡的)andscared.Thentheappbreaksdowneachoneinto10morefeelings.Forexample,“scared”canbebrokendowninto“worried”andnineotherfeelings.Youcanalsodescribehowstronglyyou’refeelingas“slightly(輕微地)”,“moderately(一般地)”or“highly”.VibhaKurdikarisadoctor.Shesaidteenagersareoftennotawareoftheirfeelings.“Kidsnowadaysareunderalotofstress,”Kurdikarsaid.“Butsometimestheydon’trealizesomethingisstressfuluntilit’stoolate.”FeelNowhelpsthemnoticehowtheyarefeeling.AditiJha,14,hasbeenusingFeelNowformonths.Whenshestopstoexamineherfeelings,shesometimesnoticesafeelingshedidn’tknowabout.Shemightrealizethatshe’sworryingaboutatest.Andthenshecandosomethingtomakeherselffeelbetter.FeelNowcouldbemoreusefulifitworkswithappsthatrecordexerciseorsleep.ButTaaraandSienathinkthatjustrecognizing(辨別出)andrecordingone’sfeelingsisvaluableonitsown.“Thesimpleritis,Ithink,themorepeoplewilluseit,”Taarasaid.1.WhatdoweknowaboutFeelNowfromParagraph2?①Itisafreeapp.②Itwasdesignedbyteenagers.③Itcanbeusedonmobilephones.④Itcanhelpteenagersmakefriends.A.①②③ B.②③④ C.①③④ D.①②④2.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.HowFeelNowworks. B.WhyFeelNowisimportant.C.WhereFeelNowcanbefound. D.WhatthepurposeofFeelNowis.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“awareof”inParagraph4probablymean?A.worriedabout B.dealwith C.realize D.understand4.WhatmightAditiJhathinkofFeelNow?A.Useful. B.Popular. C.Expensive. D.Common.5.WhatdoTaaraandSienabelieveaboutFeelNow?A.Itshouldlookprettier.B.Itshouldhaveahighervalue.C.Itshouldworkwithotherapps.D.Itshouldbesimpleandeasytouse.【答案與解析】本文介紹了一款名為FeelNow的應用程序，它幫助青少年識別和理解自己的情感。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“FeelNowisafreeappthatyoucanuseonyourmobilephone.Ithelpsteenagersthinkaboutandunderstandtheirfeelings.Itwasdesignedbytwo17-year-olds,TaaraVermaandSienaPradhan,fromtheUS.”可知，F(xiàn)eelNow是一款免費的應用程序，可以在手機上使用，由兩位17歲的青少年設計。故選A。2.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段的“Eachday,FeelNowsendsaremindertouserstorecordafeeling.Theuserspickonefromsixfeelings:happy,peaceful,angry,sad,disgusted(厭惡的)andscared.Thentheappbreaksdowneachoneinto10morefeelings.”可知，本段主要介紹了FeelNow的工作方式。故選A。3.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“‘Kidsnowadaysareunderalotofstress,’”Kurdikarsaid.‘Butsometimestheydon’trealizesomethingisstressfuluntilit’stoolate.’”可知，青少年有時并沒有意識到自己處于壓力之下。由此推測，awareof意為“意識到”。故選C。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“AditiJha,14,hasbeenusingFeelNowformonths.Whenshestopstoexamineherfeelings,shesometimesnoticesafeelingshedidn’tknowabout.”可知，AditiJha認為FeelNow是有用的。故選A。5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ButTaaraandSienathinkthatjustrecognizingandrecordingone’sfeelingsisvaluableonitsown.‘Thesimpleritis,Ithink,themorepeoplewilluseit,’Taarasaid.”可知，Taara和Siena認為FeelNow應該簡單易用。故選D。4（2024·內蒙古·二模）AblackbearwasdiscoveredrecentlyatWaltDisneyWorldResortinOrlando,Ploridaanditwasn'tintheAnimalKingdomorintheCountryBearJamboreeShow.ThewildblackbearwasseeninatreeattheMagicKingdom,accordingtotheFloridaFishandWildlifeConservationCommission(FWC),whichwascalledintohelpcatchtheanimals.TheFWCsaidithasbeencaught.Theunusualappearanceofthisblackbearshutdownseveralrides(游樂設施)atthethemepark.AspokespersonforWaltDisneyWorldsaidthattheyarenowopenedagain.ThebearwillbeputintotheOcalaNationalForest-whichliesabout80milesnorthofthethemepark.“Inmostcases,itisbestforbearstobegivenspaceandtomovealongontheirown,butgiventhissituation,wehavecaughttheanimalandaretakingthebearoutoftheparktotheOcalaNationalForest.”theFWCsaid.TheFWCnotedthatthebearwasmostlikelysearchingforfood,saying“Duringthefall,bearsaremoreactiveastheysearchforfoodtopackonfatforthewinter”.Floridaishometoabout4,000blackbears.AndasthehumanpopulationofFloridahasrapidlygrown,sohasthestate’sbearpopulation.▲“Thecityisdevelopedtotraditionallyremote(遙遠的)areas,bringingpeopleintothebears’place,”theFWCsaid.Asaresult,bearsandpeoplearemeetingeachothermorethanever.1.WhatinfluencedidthebearhaveonWaltDisneyWorld?A.ThethemeparkwasclosedformanydaysB.Allvisitorshadtoleavethereintime.C.SomerideshadtostoprunningD.Thebearhurtsomevisitorsthere.2.HowdidtheFWCdealwiththeblackbear?A.BykeepingitattheAnimalKingdomB.ByhelpingitleaveonitsownC.Bykillingitfortourists’safetyD.Byfreeingitintoawildforest.3.WhydidthebearcometothethemeparkaccordingtotheFWC?A.Toescapefrombeingcaught.B.Toturntothevisitorsforhelp.C.Toprepareforthecomingwinter.D.Tokeepwarmatthelowtemperature.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeputinthe▲inparagraph4?A.Peoplewillprovidefoodsforwildanimals.B.Bearsarebecomingmoreinterestedinhumans.C.Thecityhasofferedmanyareasfortheincreasingbearpopulation.D.Thismeanshumansaremorelikelytomeetbearstodaythaninthepast.5.What’sthepurposeofthistext?A.Tocalloneffortstoprotectbears.B.Toreportabear’ssuddenappearance.C.Towarnpeopleofablackbear.D.Tosharethedevelopmentofacity.【答案與解析】本文主要報道了一只黑熊突然出現(xiàn)在迪士尼樂園的事件。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theunusualappearanceofthisblackbearshutdownseveralrides(游樂設施)atthethemepark.”可知，這只黑熊的出現(xiàn)導致了主題公園的幾個游樂設施停止運行。故選C。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ThebearwillbeputintotheOcalaNationalForest-whichliesabout80milesnorthofthethemepark.”可知，F(xiàn)WC將這只黑熊放歸到奧卡拉國家森林。故選D。3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Duringthefall,bearsaremoreactiveastheysearchforfoodtopackonfatforthewinter”可知，黑熊是為了尋找食物，為冬天儲備脂肪，所以它來到了主題公園。故選C。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“AndasthehumanpopulationofFloridahasrapidlygrown,sohasthestate’sbear...Asaresult,bearsandpeoplearemeetingeachothermorethanever.population.”可知，城市的發(fā)展以及黑熊數(shù)量的增長使得人類和熊的接觸比以往更多。故選項D“這意味著現(xiàn)在人類比過去更容易遇到熊?！狈项}意。故選D。5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“AblackbearwasdiscoveredrecentlyatWaltDisneyWorldResortinOrlando,Ploridaanditwasn'tintheAnimalKingdomorintheCountryBearJamboreeShow.”及通讀全文可知，本文主要報道了一只黑熊突然出現(xiàn)在迪士尼樂園的事件。故選B。5（2024·廣東珠?！と＃㏄eopleoftenthinkoftheNorthPole(北極)andtheSouthPoleassimilarfrozen(冰凍的)wastelands.Theyarebothplaceswithverycoldtemperaturesandfewpeoplelivethere.However,theNorthandSouthPolesarenotmuchalikeaspeoplemayimagine.TheNorthPolehasnoland,onlythickice.Temperaturesseldomgoabove32°F,atwhichwaterturnsintoice.Mostofthetime,itstaysbelowzero.Inwintertemperaturesareusuallyaslowas-30°F.▲,peopletriedformanycenturiestoreachtheNorthPole.About100yearsago,twomen,RobertPearyandMathewHenson,wereabletogettothisenvironmentfulloftroublesanddifficulties.TheyreachedtheNorthPoleonMarch8th,1909.Itwasreallyahardtripforthem.TherearefewthingsmoredangerousthancrossingtheArctic(北極圈)onfoot.Peoplewhostayedtheremayfacemanyproblems:verycoldtemperatures,suddenstorms,andevenhunger.Mostoftheareaisuninhabited.Fewpeoplecanliveinsuchadifficultplace.Peoplemightthinkthatwithsuchlowtemperaturesformostoftheyear,theicewouldbethickandhard.However,thisisnottrueintheArctic.Themovementoftheoceanwaterundertheicemayoftencausemanydifferentchangesonthesurface.Sometimestheicebreaksintotwoopeninglanesofwater(水道)called“l(fā)eads”.Anyonewhofallsintoaleadcanbefrozentodeathinafewminutes.1.Whichofthefollowingcanbeputinthe“▲”?A.Whenitwasreallycold B.AlthoughconditionswereverypoorC.Becauseitwasnotdifficult D.Becauseitwasanexcitingtrip2.Accordingtothepassage,whathappenedabout100yearsago?A.TwomensucceededingettingtotheNorthPole.B.TemperaturesintheNorthPolewentabove32°F.C.TheenvironmentintheNorthPolesuddenlybecameworse.D.TheNorthPolechangedintothickicebecauseofthetemperatures.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“uninhabited”probablymeaninChinese?A.氣候惡劣的 B.充滿危險的 C.困難重重的 D.無人居住的4.Thereasonfortheicetobreakintotwoopeninglanesofwateris________.A.thatthetemperaturesuddenlydrops B.thatthewaterundertheiceisfrozenC.thattheoceanwaterundertheicemoves D.thatthesurfaceiscoveredwithlotsofice5.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A.ThethickiceintheNorthPole. B.AdifficulttriptotheNorthPole.C.TherealsituationintheNorthPole. D.ThedifferencesbetweentheNorthPoleandtheSouthPole.【答案與解析】本文介紹了北極圈的寒冷天氣和真實地域信息。1.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“peopletriedformanycenturiestoreachtheNorthPole”及“...wereabletogettothisenvironmentfulloftroublesanddifficulties.”可知，此處是說困難很多，選項B“盡管條件很差”符合語境，故選B。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“About100yearsago,twomen,RobertPearyandMathewHenson,wereabletogettothisenvironmentfulloftroublesanddifficulties.TheyreachedtheNorthPoleonMarch8th,1909.”可知，100年前，這兩個人成功地到達了北極。故選A。3.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Fewpeoplecanliveinsuchadifficultplace.”可知，很少有人能住在這么困難的地方，所以uninhabited應意為“無人居住的”，故選D。4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Themovementoftheoceanwaterundertheicemayoftencausemanydifferentchangesonthesurface.Sometimestheicebreaksintotwoopeninglanesofwatercalled‘leads’.”可知，海水在冰下的運動通常會導致地表發(fā)生許多不同的變化，有時冰會分成兩條開放的水道稱為“冰間水道”，故選C。5.主旨大意題。分析全文內容可知，本文介紹了北極圈的寒冷天氣和真實地域信息，故選C。6（2024·遼寧鞍山·三模）Itcanbereallyawkward(尷尬的)ifsomeone.seesyoutalkingtoyourself.Butdon’tfeelbadaboutit!Talkingtoyourselfactuallyhasalotofbenefits.Youprobablyknowthatthinkingisgoodforthebrain.Ithelpsusdothingslikemakingplansandmanagingourfeelings.Speakingoutloudislikeshowingthisquietinner(內在的)speech.Itcanhelpusdobetterindifferentareaslikeschool,sportsandwork.Whenencouragementcomesfromoneself,itaddstoself-confidence.A2023studyinvited72tennisplayerstotakepartinsomematches.Researchersputtheplayersintotwogroups:onegroupthatsaidnothingwhileplaying,andtheotherthattalkedtothemselveswhileplaying.Theyfoundthattheself-talkersshowedmoreconfidenceandplayedbetterthanthoseinthesilentgroup.Talkingtoyourself,especiallyinthethirdperson,canalsohelpusmanagebadfeelings.“Referringto(指代)yourselfinthethirdpersonleadspeopletothinkaboutthemselvesmoresimilartohowtheythinkaboutothers,”saidJasonMoser,aprofessorfromMichiganStateUniversity,U.S.Thiscanhelpusseethingsfromadifferentpointofview,especiallywhenwe’refeelingsadorangry.Self-talkalsohelpsimprovememory.Researcherstestedfourdifferentwaystomemorizethings:readingsilently,readingaloud,listeningtosomeoneelsereadingandlisteningtoarecordingofoneselfreading.Thosewhoreadoutloudrecalledtheinformationthebest,researcherssaidintheirstudypublished(發(fā)布)inthejournalMemory.It’sbecausetheinformationislikelytobecomealong-termmemoryifsaidoutloud.Whatcanyousaytoyourself?★What’smyplanfortoday?★Thistaskissohard!★I’vegottostayfocusedandgetthisdone!★Wow,thesunsetissobeautiful!1.Whichwordisclosetotheunderlinedword“benefits”?A.Activities. B.Advantages. C.Disadvantages. D.Challenges.2.Whyisthinkinggoodforus?A.Becauseithelpsusmakeplans. B.Becauseithelpsusjoininmatches.C.Becauseitmakesourlifehappy. D.Becauseitmakesusmoreconfident.3.Whichwayofself-talkcanhelppeopleseethingsmorewidely?A.“Iamsuchabeautifulgirl.” B.“Didyoureaditforeveryone?”C.“Youaretheperfectstudent.” D.“WillLeetrythishardagain?”4.Whichcanbeapropertitleforthetext?A.SpeakingAloudisaQuietInnerSpeech B.EncouragingYourselfAddstoSelf-confidenceC.SpeakingtoYourselfHelpsaLot D.ReadingSilentlyHelpsImproveMemory【答案與解析】本文主要介紹了自言自語的好處。1.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Butdon’tfeelbadaboutit!Talkingtoyourselfactuallyhasalotofbenefits.”可知，此處句意發(fā)生了轉折，表示自言自語有很多好處。故選B。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Youprobablyknowthatthinkingisgoodforthebrain.Ithelpsusdothingslikemakingplansandmanagingourfeelings.”可知，思考對大腦有好處，它幫助我們做一些事情，比如制定計劃和管理我們的情緒。故選A。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Talkingtoyourself,especiallyinthethirdperson,canalsohelpusmanagebadfeelings.”可知，自言自語，尤其是用第三人稱，也能幫助我們管理不好的情緒。選項D“WillLeetrythishardagain?”用的是第三人稱。故選D。4.最佳標題題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了自言自語的好處。故選C。7（2024·四川·三模）Musicisusedasanemotion(情緒)controllingtool.Weusuallyuseittocomfortourpain.Itsstrongenergyisoneofthemainreasons.Whypeoplespendsomuchtimeandmoneyonit?Peoplecanusemusictoachievetheirdifferentgoals,suchasfeelingmorerelaxed,havinglessstress.Listeningtosoftandslowmusicisgoodfordealingwithterribleemotions.Further,ifsomeonefallsinlovewithlyrics,itwillbeabletogivevoicetohisfeelingsandexperiences.Listeningtohappymusiccanchangeone’sopinionforwardtheworld.Somemusicwasplayedduringaspecialeventmanyyearsago.Whenwelistentoitagain,wecanbeeasytodeeplygetintothepastexperience.Thefeelingisnotinthemusic,butinwhatitremindsus.Manylistenersusemusictoremindthemselvesofpreciouspasteventswhichtheythoughtwerequiteimportant.Musicissostrongthatitcanchangeourrelationshipwithtime.Timedoesseemtoflywhenlisteningtopleasantmusic.Listeningtosmoothmusiccantakepeople’sattentionawayfromtime.It’sclearthatslowmusicmakespeoplefeelliketimeismuchshorterthanitactuallyis.So,musicisusedinthewaitingroomsandthesupermarkets.1.Whatcanmusichelppeopledo?A.Becomemoreactive. B.Makemorefriends.C.Getmoremoney. D.Feelmorecomfortable.2.Whatmusiccanwetryifwewanttochangeouropinion?A.Luckymusic. B.Seriousmusic. C.Surprisemusic. D.Enjoyablemusic.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“precious”probablymean?A.Strange. B.Interesting. C.Valuable. D.Necessary.4.Whatwillprobablyhappenwhenthesupermarketplaysmusic?A.Customerswillbuymore. B.Childrenwillstayshorter.C.Parentswillleavequickly. D.Customerswillbeveryfew.5.WhichofthefollowingisNotTrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Peoplecanusemusictoachievetheirdifferentaims.B.Somemusicwasplayed