考研英語(閱讀)模擬試卷276

一、閱讀(常規(guī)閱讀理解)(本題共2。題，每題

分,共20分。)

Morethananyotherindustry.America'smulti-billion-dollarentertainmentbusinessis

caughtinthecrossfireofihecountry'sculturewar.Mediafirmshavealwayshadtowalk

afinelinebetweengivingadultsrealisticshowsandshieldingchildrenfromsexandbad

language.Butthankstothecurrentpoliticalinfluenceofsocialconservatives,TVand

radiofirmsareundermoreattackthaneverforallegedlycorruptingAmerica'syouth.

Congressisthreateningtoincreasesharplyfinesforairingincecentmaterial.Over80%

ofAmericanhomessubscribeeithertocableorsatelliteTV,butonlybroadcast

television,whichistechnicallyfree,issubjecttoindecencyregulation.Themedia

industryfearsthatnewrulescoulddamageitsbusinessmodel.TheFederal

CommunicationsCommission(FCC),themediaindustry'sregulator,definesindecencyas

languageormaterialthatdescribessexualactionsororgansandwhichisconsidered

"offensivebycontemporarycommunitystandards."Solelyforthesakeof

children(presentinonethirdofAmericanhomes),indecencyisforbiddenfrom6a.m.to

10p.m.onbroadcastTVandradio.Incontrastto"obscenity"—illegalall(hetime一

indecencymostlyconsistsofswearing,partialnudityandsexuality.America'scurrent

battlesoverindecencybeganin2003whenBono,arockstar,said"thisisreally,really

fuckingbrilliant"ataliveawardsshow.TheFCCdecidedtodonothing.Thencamea

glimpseofJanetJackson'sbreastinSuperBowl,outragingsomeviewers.Pressedby

Congress,theFCCreverseditsdecisiononBonoandsaiditwouldgettoughon

indecency.In2004itfinedmediafirmsnearly$8m,fivetimeswhatithadleviedinthe

previoustenyearscombined.Forthesefirmssuchfinesarepuny.Yetfearingwhatfuture

measuresmightbedeployedagainstthem,theyhaveincreasinglycensoredthemselves.

LastyearseveralTVstationsdeclinedtoair"SavingPrivateRyan",awarmoviewith

lotsofswearing.Themediaindustryfacesapowerfulbipartisancoalitionofpoliticians

whoseevotesincleansingtheairwaves.Republicansareleadingtheeffort,butsome

Democratsarejoiningin—netsurprisingly,asmanyparentsdoseemworried.One

defensivestrategyforthemediaindustryistoplay(hemoralizingwingoftheRepublican

Partyoffagainstitssubstantiallibertarianwing,whichisopposedtogivingthe

governmentmorepowertocensor.NewsCorporationandGeneralElectric'sNBChave

togetherenlistedthesupportoftheAmericanConservativeUnion.AmericansforTax

ReformandtheUSChamberofCommerce.Advancesintechnology,thesegroupsargue,

meanthatthegovernmentnolongerneedstopolicetheairwavesforindecency.Many

parentsnowhaveV-chipsiniheirTVsetstoblockoutpornographicmaterial.Set-top

boxesfbrcableandsatelliteTValsogiveparentscontrol.

1、Thephrase"walkafineline"(Line3,ParagraphI)mostprobablyindicates

A、alternate.

B、balance.

C、transfer.

D、distinguish.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：詞義理解題?？键c在第一段第二句。其中聲到傳媒公司一直以來不得

不在“為成人制作貼近生活的節(jié)H”和“保護(hù)青少年不受侵害”之間探尋微妙的道路，

即尋求一種平衡,故選B項。根據(jù)該段中的crossfire,culturewar,undermore

attack以及corrupting等關(guān)鍵詞也可推知B項"平衡”最合適。

2、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

A^TVandradiofirmsarecorruptingtheyoungpeopleinAmerica.

B、BroadcasttelevisionotherthansatelliteTVisunderindecencyregulation.

C、America'sbattlesoverindecencyhavelastedforaslongasadecade.

D^Afineof8millionUSdollarsissuchahugeoneformediafirms.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題，考查全文多處細(xì)節(jié)。該類題型可以通過“定位追蹤、粗

中辨細(xì)”快速解答。B項符合第二段第二句，即只有廣播電視受到禁播不雅內(nèi)容的

限制。

3、Amajordifferencebetweenindecencyandobscenityisthat

A、obscenityinvolvesmoreswearing,nudityandsexuality.

B、obscenityisforbiddenonallchannelsallthetime.

C、indecencyinflictsmoreharmonchildrenandyoungadults.

D、indecencyismoreoffensivebycontemporarystandards.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的。bscenity定位至第三段最后一句。第三

段最后一句提到obscenity是“在任何時候都不能播放的，違法的"；而indecency只

是“包括講臟話、部分裸露和色情”。B項符合原文。

4、Therefusaltobroadcast"SavingPrivateRyan"hyseveralTVstationsshowsthat

A、themoviefeatureslotsofswearing.

B、mediafirmshaveintensifiedcensoring.

C、mediafirmswereafraidofhugefines.

D^thefilmwasdefinedasindecent.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題，考查例證細(xì)節(jié)。例證通常為了說明已經(jīng)或?qū)⒁峒暗挠^

點及事實。該事例出自第五段第三句，而其前一句就點出傳媒公司加強(qiáng)自我審查力

度，故選B項。

5、Whatstrategyhasthemediaindustryadoptedtodefenditself?

A、CreatingbitterquarrelsbetweenRepublican'stwowings.

B、Protestingthegovernment'spowerovercensorship.

C、AllyingwithsuchgroupsastheAmericanConservativeUnion.

D^Arguingthatthematerialisactuallyunderthecontrolofparents.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的strategy和defenditself可快速定位到第

六段第一句。該句中明確提到傳媒行業(yè)的抵御策略之一便是挑起共和黨內(nèi)部兩個派

系的爭論，A項符合文意，故為答案。

How'sthisforacoincidence?CharlesDarwinandAbrahamLincolnwereborninthe

sameyear,onthesameday:Feb.12,1809.Althoughpeoplehardlythinkofthemin

tandem,yetinstinctively,wewanttosaythattheybelongtogether.It'snotjustbecause

theywerebothgreatmen,andnotbecausetheyhappentoheexactcontemporaries.

Rather,it'sbecausethescientistandthepoliticianeachtouchedoffarevolutionthat

changedtheworld.Theywerebothrevolutionariesinthesensethatbothmenupended

realitiesthatprevailedwhentheywereborn.Theyseem—ancsound—moderntous,

becausetheworldtheyleftbehind(hemismoreorless(heonewestilllivein.So,

consideringthejointgreatnessoftheircontributions—andthecoincidenceoftheir

conjoinedbirthdays—itishardnottowonder:whowas(hegreaterman?It'sanapples-

and-oranges-orSuperman-vs.-Santa-comparison.Butifyoulimitthequestionto

influence,veryquicklythebalancetipsinLincoln'sfavor.Asgreatashisbookon

evolutionis,itdoesnoharmtorememberthatDarwinhurriectopublishTheOriginof

SpeciesbecausehethoughthewasabouttobescoopedbyhisfellownaturalistAlfred

RusselWallace.Inotherwords,therewasacertaininevitabilitytoDarwin'stheory.Ideas

aboutevolutionsurfacedthroughoutthefirstpartofthe19thcentury,andwhilenoneof

themwasasconvincingasDarwin's—untilWallacecamealong—itwasnotasthoughhe

wastheonlymanwhohadtheidea.Lincoln,incontrast,isunique.Takehimoutofthe

picture,andthereisnotellingwhatmighthavehappenedtothecountry.True,his

electiontothepresidencydidprovokesecessionand,inturn,thewaritself,butthatwar

seemsinevitable—notaquestionofifbutwhen.Onceinoffice,hebecomesthe

indispensableman.Certainlyweknowwhathappenedoncehewasassassinated:

Reconstructionwasad-minisleredpunitivelyandthenabandoned,leavingtheissueof

racialequalitytodangleforanothercentury.IfDarwinwerenotsoirreplaceableas

Lincoln,thatshouldnotnegatehisaccomplishment.Noonecouldhaveformulatedhis

theoryanymoreelegantly.Theiridenticalbirthdaysaffordusasuperbopportunityto

observethesemeninthesharedcontextoftheirlime一howeachwasshapedbyhis

circumstances,howeachreactedtothebeliefsthatsteeredtheworldintowhichhewas

bomandultimatelyhoweachreshapedhiscornerofthatworldandleftitirrevocably

changed.

6、CharlesDarwinandAbrahamLincolnbelongtogetherinthat

A、theywerebornonthesameday.

B、theylivedinthesameperiodoftime.

C、theybroughtuprevolutionstotheworld.

D^theywereborntobesuccessfulmen.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題，考查因果細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)人名可定位到第一段。題干中的信

號詞inthat表明這是因果關(guān)系考點，應(yīng)在原文中留意相應(yīng)的詞出現(xiàn)的語句。原文提

到他們兩位都引發(fā)了改變世界的革命，故選C項。

7、Whatdoestheauthormeanby"anapples-and-oranges-orSuperman-vs.-Santa—

comparison"(Lines4-5,Paragraph2)?

A^Itishardtotellwhichoneisgreaterastheyarebothouls:anding.

B、ThecomparisonbetweenDarwinandLincolnismeaningless.

C、Itisdifficulttocompare(hemastheyareasfamousasSupermanorSanta.

D^Thereisnopointcomparingthembecausebothofthemarewell-knowntous.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A-

知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干要求定位在第二段。對句意的理解要結(jié)合具體

語境。該段最后一句句首的But作為轉(zhuǎn)折信號詞往往提示重點信息的出現(xiàn)，此處講

的是：如果從影響力角度看則林肯占優(yōu)勢，故推斷若不提出這種假設(shè)，則兩者不分

伯仲，選A項。

8、AlfredRusselWallaceismentionedinordertoshow

A、Darwin'sTheOriginofSpecieswasabouttobescooped.

B、Darwin'sevolutiontheorywasacceptedamongnaturalists.

C、Darwinmightnotbetheonlyonewhohadtheideaofevolution.

D、Darwin'sachievementwasfoundeduponnaturalresearches.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題，考查例證細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)人名AlfredRusselWallace定位到

第三段。本題考查舉這一例子是為「說明什么，這類題的答案一般出現(xiàn)在例子前

后。此處作者舉Wallace的例子是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)達(dá)爾文不是唯一一個提出進(jìn)化理論的

人.故選C項。

9、Lincoln'scontributiontotheworldcanbebestdescribedas

A、aggressive.

B、ground-breaking.

C、dependable.

D、legitimate.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：推理判斷題。第四段主要論述了林肯的獨一無二和必不可少，強(qiáng)調(diào)了

如果沒有他的存在，美國不知道會是什么樣子。ground-breaking“具有開拓意義的”

與原文傳遞的意思一致，故選B項。

10、Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?

A、Lincoln'ssuccessinelectionhadmadethewarinevitable.

B、Lincolnhadstrivedtoaddress由eracialproblems.

C、Darwinwasnotuniquecomparedwithhiscontemporaries.

D、Darwin'stheorycoincidedwithLincoln'sbeliefs.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。文中提到林肯執(zhí)政時是不可或缺的人物，他遇刺身亡后

種族平等問題乂拖延了一個世紀(jì)才得以解決，從而可以合理推斷林肯在世時曾致力

于解決種族問題，故選B項。

Theoperationknownasaheinispherectomy-theremovalofhalfthebrain-soundstoo

radicaltoeverconsider,muchlessperform.Inthepastcentuiy,however,surgeonshave

doneithundredsoftimesfordisordersthatcannotbecontrolledanyotherway.Perhaps

surprisingly,thesurgeryhasnoapparenteffectonpersonalityormemory.Docsthat

meanapersonneedsonlyhalfabrain?Yesandno.Peoplecansurviveandfunction

prettywellaftertheprocedure,huttheywillhavesomephysicaldisabilities.Thefirst

knownhcmisphcrcctomywasperformedonadogin1888byGermanphysiologist

FriedrichGoltz.NeurosurgeonWalterDandypioneeredtheuseoftheprocedureon

humansatJohnsHopkinsUniversityin1923,operatingonapatientwhohadabrain

tumor.Thatmanlivedformorethanthreeyearsbeforeultimatelydyingfromcancer.In

1938,afterperformingahemispherectomyona16-year-oldgirl,Canadianneurosurgeon

KennethMcKenziereportedihatitcouldstopseizures,aneurologicaldisorderin(he

brain.Andtodaybrainsurgeonsperformhemispherectomiesonpatientswhoundergo

dozensofseizuresdailythatresistallmedicationandstemfromconditionsthatprimarily

afflictonehemisphere."Thesedisordersareoftenprogressiveanddamagetherestofthe

brainifnottreated/explainsneurosurgeonGaryW.MathemoftheUniversityof

California,LosAngeles.Thesurgeiytakestwoforms.Anatomicalhemispherectomies

involvetheremovalofanentirelicmisphcic,whereasfunclioiialliciiiisphcrccloniicslake

outonlypartsofahemisphere-aswellasseveringtheconnectionsbetweenthetwo

halvesofthebrain.Doctorsoftenpreferanatomicalhemispherectomiesbecause"leaving

evenalittlebitofbrainbehindcanleadseizurestoreturn."saysneurologistJohn

FreemanofJohnsHopkins,whichspecializesintheprocedure.Ontheotherhand,

functionalhemispherectomies,whichU.C.LA.surgeonsusuallyperform,leadtoless

bloodloss."Ourpatientsareusuallyundertwoyearsofage,so(heyhavelessbloodto

lose,"Mathernsays.Neurosurgeonshaveperformedthefunctionaloperationonchildren

asyoungasthreemonthsold.Inthesetinypatients,memoryandpersonalitydevelop

normally.MostJohnsHopkinshemispherectomypatientsareolderthanfiveyears.A

recentstudyfoundthat86percentofthe111childrenwhounderwenttheprocedureat

JohnsHopkinsbetween1975and2001areeitherseizure-freeorhavenon-disabling

seizuresthatdonotrequiremedication.AnotherstudyfoundIhatchildrenwho

underwentahemispherectomyoftenimprovedacademicallyoncetheirseizuresstopped.

"Onewaschampionbowlerofherclass,onewaschesschampionofhisstate,andothers

arcincollegedoingverynicely,"Freemannotes.

11、Theoperationknownasahemispherectomy

A、ismisusedandoutofcontrol.

B、isseeminglyOKbuthascertainilleffects.

C、issuperiortoothermethodstocuredisorders.

D、hasnoharmonpersonalityormemoryatall.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段。其中講到人腦半球切除手術(shù)證

明了人類可以僅僅倚賴半個大腦生存，這種說法半對半錯。因為在切除大腦半球

后，病人的身體機(jī)能雖運(yùn)作良好，但今后卻可能會出現(xiàn)殘疾，故B項與之相符。

12、FromParagraph2andParagraph3,welearnthat

A^hemisphereclomyhasbecomeacommonproceduresince1888.

B、thefirstpatientperformedwithhcmisphcrcctomyfinallyconqueredcancer.

C、theentirehemispheremustberemovedoncediagnosedwithseizures.

D、seizuresarehazardousbecausetheycanspreadtotheentirehemisphere.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析；主旨大意題?？疾槲恼聵?biāo)題，文章大意為“大腦半球切除手術(shù)讓人們

開始質(zhì)疑是否我們只需要一半的大腦“，這在第一段也明確提出，故C項正確。

Doctorspreferanatomicalhcmisphcrcctomytofunctionalhcmisphcrcctomyinthat

A、itcancompletelystopseizuresbyremovingtheentirehemisphere.

B、itisharmfultosevertheconnectionsbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

C、thepatientsareoldenoughtobearthepainoftheoperation.

D、anatomicalhemispherectomycauseslessbloodloss.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干直接定位到第二、三段。其中第三段提到癩癇

起初主要對一個腦半球產(chǎn)生危害，如不進(jìn)行治療，病情可能會導(dǎo)致另一腦半球也發(fā)

生病變，D項與之相符。

14>Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat

A、patientsundergoingahemispherectomyareverylikelytohaveseizuresagain.

B、anatomicalhemispherectomyisbetterthanfunctionalhemispherectomy.

C、seizuresmaycausebraindamagesandleadtomentalimpairment.

D、patientsrecoveredfromseizuresaresmarterthanothers.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題?？疾橐蚬?xì)節(jié)，根據(jù)題干定位到第四段，其中講到如果

不完全切除大腦半球，就算只有極少的殘余也會導(dǎo)致癲痂復(fù)發(fā)，故A項正確。

15、Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthetext?

A、AnatomicalHemispherectomyvs.FunctionalHemispherectomy

B、SeizuresandHcmisphcrcctomy

C、DoYouNeedOnlyHalfYourBrain?

D、ToCutorNottoCui,That'saQuestion.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干直接定位到最后一段。該段中提到“接受過大

腦半球切除手術(shù)的兒童一旦癲癇痊愈會在學(xué)業(yè)上取得進(jìn)步”，由此可以推斷出癲癇

可能使病人腦部受傷并導(dǎo)致智力問題，C項與之相符。

Whatisawomanworth?Thatis(hequestionthathasiobefacedbydivorcingcouples

andbytheirlawyers.Theanswersseemtobegettingcuriouserandcuriouser.Lastweek

ajudgeorderedaninsurancebrokertogivehisformerwifeasettlementof￡48m.She

hadearlierrefusedhisofferofabout￡20m,whichiswhythematterwenttocourt.No

doubtBeverleyCharmanwasanexemplarywife,anditiswrittenintheBookof

Proverbsthatthepriceofavirtuouswomanisaboverubies,butevenso,348nlseemsa

littlesteep.Itwouldbuyacoupleofcontinents'worthofrubies.Whatwomenarereally

worthisbesetwithconfusionandcontradiction.Therewasatimewhenwhatwomen

wantedwasequalpayforequalwork.Oneofthelogicalconsequenceswas(hatno

womanwasentitledtotakeoutofamarriageanymorethanshebroughtintoit.That

viewwasiatersoftenedbyarecognitionthatchildbearingancchildcarepresentaserious

opportunitycost(omostwomen.Sonowpeopletendtoagreethatatdivorceawoman

shouldbecompensatedbothfortherealvaluethatshebroughttothemarriageandforthe

opportunitycosttoherself-herlongslidedownthecareerladder,herlossofapersonal

pension,herreducedchancesoffindinganotherspouse.Thenthereisasurprisingly

unliberatedtendencyamongwomen,andamongmen,tomaksestimatesthatareunfairly

biasedinfavorofwomen.ThejudgeintheCharmans'hearingsaidthatthiswasoneof

theverysmallcategoryofcaseswherethewealthcreatedisofextraordinaryproportions

fromextraordinarytalentandenergyofthehusbandandthereforethehusbandcould

keepmorethanhalftheassets.Thatstillleftthewifewith481n(37%oftheassets).But

thenthejudgemadesomeoddremarksaboutold-fashionedaltitudes.DiscussingJohn

Charman'sdetermination"toprotectwhatheregardsaswealthgeneratedentirelybyhis

efforts",hesaid:"Inthenarrow,old-fashionedsense,thatperspectiveisunderstandable,

ifsomewhatoutdated."Wrong.Itisthejudgewhosoundsold-fashioned.Thiscountryis

awashwithcleverandhardworkingmenwhomakehugesumsofmoneywhiletheir

wivesdolitlleloconlribulelodomesticcomfortandnolmuchI。advance(heirhusband's

careers.Thatdoesnotmeantheyarenotentitledtopropercompensationondivorce,butI

thinktheassumptionthattheyareentitledtohalfthefruitsofthemarriage,unlessthereis

goodreasonwhynot,isabsurd.

16、Theauthorholdsthat(hedivorcecaseofBeverleyCharmanhas

A、stirredupthequestionofwhatawomanisworth.

B、demonstratedthepricelessvalueofanexemplarywoman.

C、reflectedthecomplexityofthequestionaboutawoman'svalue.

D、provedlawyersmayhelpcouplestomaketherightdecision.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識2解析：觀點態(tài)度題。作者引用第一段的案例要說明的是