目錄

第一部分寫作

第一講事實細(xì)節(jié)題............................................................3

第二講推理判斷題............................................................8

第三講主旨大意題......................................................16

第四講詞義猜測題............................................................23

第五講信息匹配題............................................................29

第二部分寫作

第六講高中英語基本句型特訓(xùn).................................................38

第七講高級詞匯和句型轉(zhuǎn)換....................................................44

第八講寫作常用語言手段......................................................52

第九講基礎(chǔ)寫作語句信息整合.................................................59

第十講常用寫作句式句型運用.................................................65

第十一講讀寫任務(wù)概要（summary）導(dǎo)練........................................72

第十二講基礎(chǔ)寫作常見話題寫作突破...........................................78

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包號教育專次星火教育暑假英語小班教輔叢書閱讀與寫作專題

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星火教育

星火教育暑假英語小班教輔叢書--閱讀與寫作專題

第一部分閱讀

第1講事實細(xì)節(jié)題

細(xì)節(jié)理解題是高考英語閱讀理解中占比重最大的一類題型，這類題旨在考

查考生對事實細(xì)節(jié)的理解。主要針對who,what,which,why,how,when,where

等來提問，可能只針對文章中某一特定的細(xì)節(jié)，也可能涉及若干個細(xì)節(jié)。

【考綱解讀】

1.從近兒年實施細(xì)節(jié)題的考查來看，不僅是數(shù)量增加，而且難度也稍有增加，表

現(xiàn)為：答案需要跨段落搜集信息；題目設(shè)置順序與全文順序不一致；題目信息與

原文信息表達(dá)方式不一致。

2.以考查語言運用能力為主，考查語言知識為輔，考查的側(cè)重點將向語篇能力的

運用方面傾斜，要求考生運用自己的綜合能力和知識結(jié)構(gòu)去解題。

【命題規(guī)律】

考查理解文章主要細(xì)節(jié)的試題，命題人一般都是通過對文章細(xì)節(jié)加以改寫來考查

準(zhǔn)確理解細(xì)節(jié)的能力。

細(xì)節(jié)題有可能是直接理解題，但多數(shù)情況下是間接理解題。要求在理解的基礎(chǔ)上，

通過思維將理解的內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化，條理化，比如計算，排序，選圖等。

【命題趨勢】

事實細(xì)節(jié)題呈增多趨勢。2011廣東省高考英語四篇閱讀理解題20個題目中，

事實細(xì)節(jié)題占了12題；2010年占了8題；2009年10題。

題目將由簡單的尋找信息轉(zhuǎn)向多層次細(xì)節(jié)推理綜合，答案需要跨段落搜集信息，

單純考查事實細(xì)節(jié)的題不太多。

【?？键c清單】

1.Whichofthefollowingistrue/false/mentioned?

2.Whatdoesthewriterpayleastattentionto?

3.Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage?

4.A11ofthefollowingstatementsmaybetrue/falseexcept..

5.Whichofthefollowingisnottheresultof....?

【重點難點】

1.語義轉(zhuǎn)換

［技巧點撥］

雖然說細(xì)節(jié)題的答案一般可以在文章中直接或間接地找到，但是與閱讀材料?

模一樣的正確選項是幾乎沒有的。而是用不同的詞語或句型表達(dá)相同的意思，即

語意轉(zhuǎn)換。解題時注意以下兒點：

1.順序性原則：一般說來，題序與其題眼在文章中的順序相同。如第

53題的答案信息會在第52題的答案信息之后。

2.定位信息點：通過尋讀法(scanning),用題干中的關(guān)鍵詞在文中搜索，迅速確定

相關(guān)詞句或信息點所在的位置，縮小閱讀范圍。題干中可用來在文中搜索的關(guān)鍵

詞可能是專有名詞、數(shù)詞、實體名詞，以及這些詞的同義表達(dá)等。

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3.理解信息點：在找到關(guān)鍵詞句后，要仔細(xì)閱讀，準(zhǔn)確理解，對照選項，看哪個

選項的意思與之最接近。

4.排除干擾項：在作出選擇的過程中，要善于辨別真?zhèn)?，排除干擾，不斷縮小范

圍，選出正確答案，這就是我們常說的排除法。干擾項一般具有以下特征：

(1)杜撰事實，無中生有。文中根本找不到任何相關(guān)信息，完全由命題人所捏造。

(2)偷梁換柱，以假亂真。采用原文中的句式和大部分詞匯，但換了個別詞，改變

了原意或范圍。

(3)半真半假，虛虛實實。干擾項與原文相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)部分相同，部分相悖。

(4)文不對題，濫竽充數(shù)。干擾項是文中的事實細(xì)節(jié)，但與題干要求不符。

［經(jīng)典例題］…?(2011廣東)

Intheanimalkingdom,weaknesscanbringaboutaggressioninotheranimal.

Thissometimeshappenswithhumansalso.ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbrings

outthekindnessinpeople.Iseeiteverydaywhenpeopleholddoorsforme,pour

creamintomycoffee,orhelpmetoputonmycoat.AndIhavediscoveredthatit

makesthemhappy.

Frommywheelchairexperience,Iseethebestinpeople,butsometimesIfeelsad

becausethosewhoappearindependentmissthekindnessIseedaily.Theydon'tgetto

seethissoftsideofothers.Often,wetryeverywaypossibletoavoidshowingour

weakness,whichincludesalotofpretending.Butonlywhenwestoppretending

we'rebraveorstrongdoweallowpeopletoshowthekindnessthat'sinthem.

1.Theauthorhasdiscoveredthatpeoplewillfeelhappywhen.

A.theyoffertheirhelp

B.theyreceiveothers9help

C.theyfeelothers9kindness

D.theyshowtheirweakness

2.Theauthorfeelssadsometimesbecause.

A.hehasasoftheart

B.hereliesmuchonothers

C.somepeoplepretendtobekind

D.somepeoplefailtoseethekindnessinothers

2.是非判斷

［技巧點撥］

這里的是非判斷題，主要是指true或NOTtrue,以及含EXCEPT等詞的這類

題。解答這類題，一定要看清，是選與文章內(nèi)容相符的選項還是選不相符的選項,

或是選文中沒有談及的內(nèi)容。

特別注意：NOTtrue這類題，要求選出一個錯誤選項，也就是說，有三個選

項是正確的?？忌f不要看到一個正確選項時，就以為這是要選的正確答案呀,

這點非常容易出錯。Nottrue這類題涉及的信息點跨度大，要注意作記號。

［經(jīng)典例題卜-(2011廣東)

Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfood

cangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,but

sometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursof

eatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.

Certainmicroorganisms(微生物)causemosttypesoffoodpoisoning.Bacteriaand

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C府教育專家星火教育暑假英語小班教輔叢書--閱讀與寫作專題

othermicroorganismscanpoisoneggs,meat,vegetables,andmanyotherfoods.

Afterenteringthebody,thesetinylivingthingsrelease（釋放）poisonsthatmake

peoplesick.

Somechemicalscanalsocausefoodpoisoning.Theyareoftenaddedtofood

whileitisbeinggrown,processes,orprepared.Forexample,manyfarmersspray

chemicalsoncropstokillweedsandinsects.Somepeoplemayhaveabadreactionto

thosechemicalswhentheyeatthecrops.

Someplantsandanimalscontainnaturalpoisonsthatareharmfultopeople.

Theseincludecertainkindsofseafood,grains,nuts,seeds,beans,andmushrooms.

Whenpeoplehandlefoodproperly,theriskoffoodpoisoningisverysmall...

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Foodpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.

B.Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.

C.Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties.

D.Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.

2.FoodpoisoningcanbecausedbyallthefollowingEXCEPT.

A.somechemicals

B.lowtemperatures

C.sometinylivingthings

D.certainnaturalmaterials

【課堂練習(xí)】

[1]Formanyparents,raisingateenagerislikefightingalongwar,butyearsgoby

withoutanyclearwinner.Likeaborderconflictbetweenneighboringcountries,the

parent-teenwarisaboutboundaries:WhereisthelinebetweenwhatIcontroland

whatyoudo?（2010?湖北卷?B篇）

Whydoestheauthorcomparetheparent-teenwartoaborderconflict?

A.Bothcancontinueforgenerations

B.Bothareaboutwheretodrawtheline

C.bfeitherh濟(jì)aiyclearwinner

D.Neithercanbeputtoanend

【2】Theresearchersstudiedculturaldifferencesintherecognitionoffacial

expressionsbyrecordingtheeyemovementsof13WesternCaucasianand13East

Asianpeoplewhiletheyobservedpicturesofexpressivefacesandputtheminto

categories:happy,sad,surprised,fearful,disgusted,angry,orneutral.Theycompared

howaccuratelyparticipantsreadthosefacialexpressionsusingtheirparticulareye

movementstrategies.（2010?湖南卷C）

Whatwerethepeopleaskedtodointhestudy?

A.Tomakeafaceateachother.

B.Togettheirfacesimpressive.

C.Toclassifysomefacepictures.

D.Toobservetheresearchers'faces.

[3]AfterWorldWarII,thepopulationofmostlargeAmericancitiesdecreased;

however,thepopulationinmanySunBeltcitiesincreased.LosAngelesandHouston

arecitieswherepopulationshifts（轉(zhuǎn)移）toandfromthecityreflectthechanging

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valuesofAmericansociety.Inthelate1940sandearly1950s,cityresidents（居民）

becamewealthier.Theyhadmorechildrensotheyneededmorespace.Theymoved

outoftheirapartmentsinthecitytobuytheirownhomes.Theyboughthousesinthe

suburbs（郊區(qū)）.（2010?安徽卷?C）

WhydidAmericancityresidentswanttoliveinthesuburbsafterWorldWarII?

A.BecauseolderAmericancitiesweredying.

B.Becausetheywerericherandneededmorespace.

C.Becausecitiescontainedtheworstpareofsociety.

D.Becausetheycouldhardlyaffordaliveinthecity.

[4]WhenIwasgrowingupinAmerica,Iwasashamedofmymother'sChinese

English.BecauseofherEnglish,shewasoftentreatedunfairly.Peopleindepartment

stores,atbanks,andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriously,didnotgivehergood

service,pretendednottounderstandher,orevenactedasiftheydidnothearher.

（2010?廣東卷?A）

Whywastheauthor'smotherpoorlyserved?

A.ShewasunabletospeakgoodEnglish.

B.Shewasoftenmisunderstood.

C.Sewisnotdearlyheard.

D.Shewasnotverypolite.

[5litwasavillageinIndia.Thepeoplewerepoor.However,theywerenotunhappy.

Afterall,theirforefathershadlivedinthesamewayforcenturies.Thenoneday,

somevisitorsfromthecityarrived.Theytoldthevillagersthereweresomepeople

elsewherewholikedtoeatfrog'slegs.However,theydidnothaveenoughfrogsof

theirown,andsotheywantedtobuyfrogsfromotherplaces.（2010?遼寧卷?A）

Fromparagraph1welearnthatthevillagers.

A.workedveryhardforcenturiesB.dreamedofhavingabetterlife

C.werepoorbutsomewhatcontentD.livedadifferentlifefromtheirforefathers

[6]DuringthedriermonthsbetweenDecemberandMarchhoatzinsflyaboutthe

forestingroupsof20to30birds,butinApril,whentherainyseasonbegins,they

collecttogetherinsmallerlivingunitsoftwotosevenbirdsforproducingpurposes.

（2010?全國卷I?C）

Whydohoatzinscollecttogetherinsmallergroupswhentherainyseasoncomes?

A.Tofndnorefood.B.Toprotectthemselvesbetter.

C.Tok?phemselveswarm.D.Toproducetheiryoung.

【課后鞏固練習(xí)】

[1]Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfood

cangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,but

sometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursof

eatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.（2010?廣東

卷.C）

Weknowfromthepassagethatthesymptomsoffoodpoisoning.

A.arealwaysaccompaniedbyafeverB.aretoocommontobenoted

C.canbenoticedwithinhoursD.canbeignored

[2]Modeminventionshavespeededuppeople'slivesamazingly.Motor-carscovera

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hundredmilesinlittlemorethananhour,aircraftcrosstheworldaday,while

computersoperateatlightningspeed.Indeed,thisloveofspeedseemsnever-ending.

Everyyearmotor-carsareproducedwhichgoevenfasterandeachnewcomputer

boasts（吹噓）ofsavingprecioussecondsinhandlingtasks.（2010?江西卷?D）

Thenewproductsbecomemoreandmoretime-savingbecause

A.ourloveonspeedseemsnever-endingB.timeislimited

C.thepricesareincreasinglyhighD.themanufacturersboastalot

[3]ToomuchTV-watchingcanharmchildren'sabilitytolearnandevenreducetheir

chancesofgettingacollegedegree,newstudiessuggestinthelatestefforttoexamine

theeffectsoftelevisiononchildren.

Oneofthestudieslookedatnearly400northernCaliforniathird-graders.Those

withTVsintheirbedroomsscoredabouteightpointsloweronmathandlanguagearts

teststhanchildrenwithoutbedroomTVs.（201。遼寧卷?0

AccordingtotheCaliforniastudy,thelow-scoringgroupmight?

A.havewatchedalotofTVB.notbeinterestedinmath

C.beunabletogotocollegeD.havehadcomputersintheirbedrooms

[4]Herjobintravelwritingbegansomeeightyearsago.AftergettingaPhDin

EnglishinCanada,shetookatestforFrommer'stravelguides,passedit,andgotthe

job.AfterworkingatFrommefs,JarolimworkedforawhileatRoughGuidesin

London,thenFodor's,whereshefellsoinlovewithadescriptionoftheSouthwestof

theU.S.thatshemovedthere.

Nowasatravelwriter,shespendsone-thirdofheryearontheroad.Therestofthe

timeisspentcompletinghertasksandwritingreviewsofrestaurantsathomein

Tucson,Arizona.（2010?全國卷IIB）

WhichcountrydoesJarolimliveinnow?

A.Mexico.B.TheU.S.C.TheU.KD.Canada

【5】AmyJohnsonwasbomonJuly1,1903,inHullYorkshireandlivedthereuntil

shewenttoSheffieldUniversityin1923toreadforaBA.Aftergraduating,she

movedontoworkasasecretarytoaLondonsolicitor（律師）whereshealsobecame

interestedinflying.AmybegantolearntoflyattheLondonAeroplaneClubinthe

winterof1928-1929andherhobbysoonbecameanall-consumingdetermination,not

simplytomakeacareerinaviation（航空）,buttosucceedinsomeprojects,which

woulddemonstratetotheworldthatwomencouldbeascompetent（能干）asmenin

hitherto（迄今為止）maledominatedfield.

Herfirstimportantachievement,afterflyingsolo,wastoqualifyasthefirst

British-trainedwomangroundengineer.ForawhileshewastheonlywomanG:E.in

theworld.

Earlyin1930,shechoseherobjective:toflysolo（flybyherself）toAustraliaand

tobeatBertHinkler'srecordof16days.Atfirst,hereffortstoraisefinancial（經(jīng)濟(jì)

的）supportfailed,butfinallyLordWakefieldsharedthe600poundpurchasepricesof

ausedDHGypsyMoth（GAAAH）anditwasnamedJasonafterthefamilybusiness

trademark.

AmysetoffaloneinasingleengineGypsyMothfromGroysononMay5,1930,

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andlandedinDarwinonMay24,anepicflightof11,000miles.Shewasthefirst

womantoflyalonetoAustralia.

InJuly1931,shesetanEnglandtoJapanrecordinaPussMothwithJack

Humphreys.InJuly1932,shesetarecordfromEnglandtoCapetown,solo,inaPuss

Moth.InMay,1936,shesetarecordfromEnglandtoCapetown,solo,inaPercival

Gull,aflighttoretrieve（gainagain）her1932record.

Withherhusband,JimMollison,shealsoflewinaDHDragonnonstopfrom

PendineSands,SouthWales,totheUnitedStatesin1933.Theyalsoflewnonstopin

recordtimetoIndiain1934inaDHCometintheEnglandtoAustraliaairrace.The

Mollisonsweredivorcedin1938.

AfterhercommercialflyingendedwiththeoutbreakofWorldWarIIin1939,

AmyjoinedtheAirTransportAuxiliary,apoolofexperiencedpilotswhowere

ineligible（不合格）forRAFservice.Herflyingdutiesconsistedofferrying（carrying

byplane）aircraftfromfactoryairstrip（起落地帶）toRAF（英國皇家空軍）bases.

1.WhatdidAmyJohnsondoaftershegraduatedfromSheffieldUniversity?

A.ShebecameasecretarytoaLondonsolicitor.

B.Shewenttotheairforce.

C.Shebecamethefirstfemalegroupengineerintheworld.

D.Shebegantolearntoflyatanaeroplaneclub.

2.Whichofthefollowingisfalse?

A.AmyJohnsonspentherchildhoodinSheffield.

B.InAmyJohnson'stime,aviationwasamaledominatedfield.

C.AmyJohnsonflewsoloforseveraltimes.

D.AmyJohnsonwasthefirstwomantoflyalonetoAustralia.

3.Accordingtothepassage,howmanyrecordsAmyhadset?

A.Three.B.Four.C.live.D.Sx.

4.HowdidAmysolvethefinancialproblemwheninearly1930shechoseher

objective:toflysolotoAustraliaandtobeatBertHinkler'srecordof16days?

A.Shesuccessfullyraisedfinancialsupport.

B.Shesharedthemoneynecessaryfortheflightwithherhusband.

C.AbusinessmansharedthepurchasepriceofausedplanewithAmy'sfather.

D.Herfathergaveherthemoney.

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第2講推理判斷題

推理判斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章的某個句子、段落或全文所提供的事實進(jìn)行邏

輯推理，推斷出作者沒有提到的或者沒有明說的事實或者可能發(fā)生的事實。旨在

考查考生透過詞語的字面意義去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。

這類試題包括有很多種，但廣東自主命題8年來，主要考查了推斷隱含意

義、推斷目標(biāo)讀者、推斷寫法意圖、推斷觀點態(tài)度等，其中重點是推斷隱含意義。

【考綱解讀】

1.根據(jù)考試說明，高考閱讀理解測試的要求是既能理解字面意思，也能理解深層

含義，包括作者的態(tài)度、意圖等。

2.讀懂這種“言外之意，弦外之音”，要求考生有無障礙的閱讀能力，“鑼鼓聽音”

的敏銳感覺，合理推斷的思維品質(zhì)。這是閱讀測試題中較難的類型，對考生的能

力要求較高，需要認(rèn)真訓(xùn)練。

【命題規(guī)律】

1、主要考查考生清理上下文邏輯關(guān)系的能力以及考生的識別能力。

2、要求考生在遵循原文意義的基礎(chǔ)上，對文章字面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘、邏輯

推理，揭示其深層含義。

【命題趨勢】

1、不僅會局限于作者的態(tài)度，而發(fā)展到問文中某人對某事物的態(tài)度

2、選項肯能不再是態(tài)度明確的肯定或否定的詞語，而改為帶有程度限制的詞

【?？键c清單】

l.ItcanbeinfeiTed/concluded/seen/fromthepassagethat.

2.Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothispassage?

3.Thepassageimplies,butdoesn'tdirectlystatethat.

4.Thewritersuggeststhat.

5.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowards?

6.Theauthor*usestheexampleof...toshowthat.

7.Theauthorprobablyfeelsthat.

【重點難點】

一.推理隱喻含義

【方法點撥】

這類試題的題干中常含infer（推斷）,suggest（暗示）,imply（暗示）等詞語。

解答這類題的一般步驟是：

1.定位信息：通過尋讀找到相關(guān)信息點。

2.字面理解：理解相關(guān)信息點的字面意義。

3.深層理解：結(jié)合語境和常識，在字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推斷，從而

理解作者的言外之意。

選擇答案時，注意排除以下干擾項，以便縮小選擇范圍：

（1）原文信息的簡單重復(fù)，而非推斷出來的結(jié)論。（考生易誤選）

（2）推理過度的片面結(jié)論。

（3）與文中內(nèi)容不符或完全相反的結(jié)論等。

（4）符合考生已有常識，但文章中沒有信息支持。（考生易誤選）

止匕外，可采用主旨推斷法：在理解短文大意，明確文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行推斷,

從而得出符合情理的結(jié)論。

-9-

星火教育

C"導(dǎo)教育專求星火教育暑假英語小班教輔叢書閱讀與寫作專題

【經(jīng)典例題1]Pullingheavysuitcasesalldayinthesummerishardwork,especially

whenyou'reathin14-year-old.Thatwasmein1940—theyoungestandsmallest

baggageboyatNewYorkCity'sPennsylvaniaRailwayStation.

Afterjustafewdaysonthejob,Ibegannoticingthattheotherfellowswere

overchargingpassengers.

rdliketojointhem,thinking,''Everyoneelseisdoingit.”

WhenIgothomethatnight,ItoldmydadwhatIwantedtodo."Yougiveanhonest

day'swork,“hesaid,lookingatmestraightintheeye.'They'repayingyou.Ifthey

wanttodothat,youletthemdothat.^^

1.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthebaggageboys?

A.Theycouldearnmuch,buttheyhadtoworkhard.

B.Manyofthemearnedmoneyinadishonestway.

C.Theywereallfrompoorfamilies.

D.Theywereallthin,youngboys.

2.Whatdoesthefather'sadviceimply?

A.Itiswrongtogivemorepaytothepassengers.

B.Don?tbelievethemiftheyarepayingyoumore.

C.Don'tfollowotherstooverchargethepassengers.

D.Itisdifficulttoworkhardandliveasanhonestboy.

【經(jīng)典例題2】Whenwavescometowardtheshore,peoplecansetupdamstoblock

thewaterandsenditthroughalargewheelcalledaturbine（渦輪機(jī)）.Theturbinecan

thenpoweranelectricalgeneratortoproduceelectricity.

“Theresourceishuge,saidJanetSwainoftheWorldwatchInstitute.t4Wewill

neverrunoutofwavepower.”

...Oceanscoverthree-quartersoftheEarth'ssurface...

Traditionalsourcesofenergylikeoilandgasmaysomedayrunout...Inthe

futurewhenyouturnonalight,anoceanwavecouldbeprovidingtheelectricity!

Itcanbeinferredthatsomedaywemightnotworryabout__?

A.arpolution

B.ourboattraffic

C.ourpowersupply

D.oursupplyofseafish

【課堂練習(xí)】

[1]Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuch

foodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning...

Certainmicroorganisms（微生物）causemosttypesoffoodpoisoning...

Somechemicalscanalsocausefoodpoisoning...

Someplantsandanimalscontainnaturalpoisonsthatareharmfultopeople...

Whenpeoplehandlefoodproperly,therisk

offoodpoisoningisverysmall.Microorganismsmultiplyrapidlyindirtyplacesand

inwarmtemperatures.Thismeansthatpeopleshouldnevertouchfoodwithdirty

handsorputfoodonunwashedsurfaces.Foodshouldbekeptinarefrigeratortostop

microorganismsfromgrowing.Meatneedstobecookedthoroughlytokillany

dangerousmicroorganisms.

-10-

星火教育

C府教育專家星火教育暑假英語小班教輔叢書--閱讀與寫作專題

Peopleshouldalsowashfoodcoveredwithchemicalsbeforeeatingit.Finally,people

shouldnoteatwildmushroomsorotherfoodsthatgrowinthewild.Someofthese

foodsmaycontainnaturalmaterialsthatarepoisonoustohumans.Inaddition,some

typesoffishcanbepoisonous.

Mostpeoplerecoverfromfoodpoisoningafterafewdaysofrestingand

drinkingextrawater

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat___.

A.naturalmaterialsaresafeinfoodprocessing

B.chemicalsareneededinfoodprocessing

C.foodpoisoningcanbekeptundercontrol

D.foodpoisoningisoutofcontrol

[2]In1837,thehistorianCarlylemadethefirstrecordeduseoftheword“queue（排

隊）HespokeoftheFrenchandtheir“habitofstandinginaqueue”.Fortyyears

laterPariswasthebestplacetowaitinline.

However,queuingbecamepopularinBritaintoo.TheSecondWorldWarwasthe

goldenageofqueuing,andpeoplejoinedanylineinthehopethatitwasaqueue

forsomethingtobuy.

ThiswasthesourceofmanySecondWorldWarjokes：

Shopkeepertocustomer：Excusene,Miss,aeyoupegnant（懷孕）？

Customer:Well,Iwasn'twhenIjoinedthequeue.

Today,accordingtoresearchinAmerica,we（inBritain）canspendupto5years

ofourlivesqueuing—ascomparedtotwelvemonthslookingforthingswehave

lost.Butthingsmaybechanging...

Onewaytomakelifeeasieristointroduce“queuemanagement"...

Oneofthelatesttechnicalprogressistheuseofanelectronicscanner（電子識另ij

器）…「

Butsomepeoplejustlikequeuing.OnemanqueuedallnightfbrHarrodsfamous

Januarysale,andthenreturnedhomeforbreakfastatnineo'clockthenextmorning

withoutgoingintotheshop.

1.ThejokeinParagraph2impliesthattheyoungwoman.

A.hasbeenwaitinginthequeueforalongtime

B.doesn'tneedtostandinthequeue

C.enjoysstandinginthequeue

D.hasstoodinthewrongline

2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_.

A.queuemanagementdoesn'tworkwell

B.thereisstillqueuinginEngland

C.wedon'tseemuchqueuinginParis

D.theFrenchlikequeuingmorethantheBritish

二.推斷其他內(nèi)容、

[技巧點撥]

除推斷隱含意義外，廣東自主命題8年來，還出現(xiàn)了推斷預(yù)定讀者（2008年）和推

斷作者運用寫作手法的意圖（2005年和2007年）。砌:，這兩類題一共只出現(xiàn)了3

次。推斷預(yù)定讀者的主要方法是留意作者的用詞，體會作者的語氣。作者運用某

-11-

星火教育

C"導(dǎo)教育專求星火教育暑假英語小班教輔叢書閱讀與寫作專題

種寫作手法的意圖，或是要引出主題、突出主題，或是要吸引讀者關(guān)注主題，或

是要把主題說明得更清楚，等等。運用寫作手法的主要意圖有：

1.開頭提出問題一讓讀者關(guān)注主題。

2.簡介相關(guān)事物一為了引出主題

3.列舉具體事例一說明文段的主題。

4.運用比擬或比喻一讓讀者易理解抽象或陌生的事物。

5.引語一說明或論證某個觀點，或使自己的觀點更有說服力。

【經(jīng)典例題1]Sometimesyou'Uhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'tloveothersuntilyou

loveyourself.Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'texpectsomeone

elsetoloveyouuntilyouloveyourself.Eitherway,you'vegottoloveyourselffirst

andthiscanbetricky.Sureweallknowthatwe'retheappleofourparents9eyes,and

that

ourGrandmasthinkwe'regreattalentsandourUncleRobertsthinkthatwewillgoto

theOlympics.

Butsometimesit'salothardertothinksuchnicethoughtsaboutourselves.If

youfindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallenge,itistimeyoubuildapositive

self-imageandlearntoloveyourself.

Self-imageisyourownmind'spictureofyourself...

Thebestwaytodefeatapassiveself-imageisto...

Thebestwaytogetridofanegativeserf-imageistorealize...

Whoaretheintendedreadersofthepassage?

A.Parents.B.Adolescents.

C.Educators.D.Peopleingeneral.

【經(jīng)典例題2]Howshouldoneinvestasumofmoneyinthesedaysofinflation（通貨

膨脹）？Leftinabankitwillhardlykeepitsvalue,howeverhightheinterestrate.

Onlyabraveman,oraveryrichone,darestobuyandsellontheStockMarket.

Todayitseemsthatone

ofthebestwaystoprotectyoursavings,andevenincreaseyourwealthistobuy

beautifulobjectsfromthepast.

HereIamgoingtooffersomeadviceoncollectingantiquedocks,whichIpersonally

considerareamongthemostinterestingofantiques.

Isometimeswonderwhatabeingfromanotherplanetmightreportbackabout

ourwayoflife."TheplanetEarthisruledbyamysteriouscreaturethatsitsorstands

inaroomandmakesastrangetickingsound.Ithasafacewithtwelveblackmarks

andtwohands.

Mencandonothingwithoutitspermission,anditfastensitsyoung;roundpeople's

wristssothateverywheremengotheyarestillunderitscontrol.Thiscreatureisthe

realmasterofEarthandmenareitsslaves.

Whetherornotweareslavesoftimetodaydependson...

However,...anyseriousstudentofantiqueshouldspendasmuchtimeaspossible

visitingpalaces,statelyhomesandmuseumstoseesomeofthefinestexamplesof

clocksfromthepast.

Antiqueclockscouldbeveryexpensive,but...Afterall,ifyouaregoingtobe

ruledbytime,whynotinvestinanantiqueclockandperhapsmakeafutureprofit?

-12-

星火教育

C府教育專家星火教育暑假英語小班教輔叢書--閱讀與寫作專題

Byquoting（弓|用）theremarkofabeingfromanotherplanet,theauthorintends

to__.

A.suggesthumanbeingsarecontrolledbyaclock

B.describewhyclockscanruletheplanetEarth

C.tellreaderswhatclockslooklike

D.compareclockstohumanbeings

【經(jīng)典例題3】“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Or

haveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”

askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.

uThereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,“hesaid.

Scientistsareworkingtousethatenergytomakeelectricity...

Whenwavescometowardtheshore...Theturbinecanthenpoweranelectrical

generatortoproduceelectricity.

“Theresourceishuge,“saidJanetSwainoftheWorldwatchInstitute."We

willneverrunoutofwavepower.v

Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto___.

A.testthereaders'knowledgeaboutwaves

B.drawthereaders'attentiontothetopic

C.showJamieTaylor'simportance

D.invitethereaderstoanswerthem

【課堂練習(xí)】

[1]Formanycenturies,peopleusedwindmillstogrind（磨碎）wheatintoflouror

pumpwaterfromdeepunderground.Whenelectricitywasdiscoveredinthelate

1800s,peoplelivinginremoteareasbegantousethemtoproduceelectricity.This

allowedthemtohaveelectriclightsandradio.However,bythe1940swhen

electricitywasavailabletopeopleinalmostallareasoftheUnitedStates,windmills

wererarelyused.

Duringthe1970s,peoplestartedbecomingconcernedaboutthepollutionthatis

createdwhencoalandgasareburnedtoproduceelectricity.Peoplealsorealizedthat

thesupplyofcoalandgaswouldnot