Unit6Period4Reading新課導(dǎo)入1Lookattheinfographicbelowandanswerthequestions.FactsaboutDDT:?DDTwasfirstproducedin1874andwaslaterusedaspesticide.?Itstaysintheenvironment.?Itishighlypoisonoustolivingorganism,includinghumans.?Nowbannedinmanycountries,itisstillusedinsomeformalariacontrol.1HowdoesDDTreachthehumanbodyinthefoodchain?2WhatharmdoesDDTcause?1HowdoesDDTreachthehumanbodyinthefoodchain?2WhatharmdoesDDTcause?WhenDDTissprayedontoplantsinordertokillinsects,itisabsorbedbytheplantsandsubsequentlyconsumedbyanimals;humansinturneatthoseanimals.DDTalsoleaksthroughthesoilandintoriversandlakes,whereitcontaminatesfishconsumedbyhumans.DDTishighlypoisonoustolivingorganism,includinghumans.課堂學(xué)習(xí)2ReadthebookreviewonSilentSpring,abookthatledtothebanningofDDT.Predictwhatwillbementionedinthepassage.SilentSpring1Therewasastrangestillness.Thebirds,forexample-wherehadtheygone?Manypeoplespokeofthem,puzzledanddisturbed.Thefeedingstationsinthebackyardsweredeserted.Thefewbirdsseenanywhereweremoribund;theytrembledviolentlyandcouldnotfly.Itwasaspringwithoutvoices.Onthemorningsthathadoncethrobbedwiththedawnchorusofrobins,catbirds,doves,jays,wrens,andscoresofotherbirdvoicestherewasnownosound;onlysilencelayoverthefieldsandwoodsandmarsh.Nowreadthepassageandcheckyourprediction.2RachelCarsonwasascientistbyprofession,buttheselinesfromtheopeningchapterofher1962bookSilentSpring,“AFableforTomorrow”,showhertalentasawriter.Byimaginingaworldwithoutbirds,sheaimedtoalertnotonlythescientificcommunitybutalsothegeneralpublictothedamagingeffectsofhumanactivityonnaturalecosystems-inparticular,totheharmfuluseofpesticides,suchasDDT.Shebelievedthatthechemicalindustrywasknowinglycausingharmtoplants,animalsandevenhumans,andwishedtoseepesticidesusedinamoreresponsible,limitedandcarefullymonitoredway.3Carsonurgedpeopletomakethemselvesawareofthefactsanddosomethingaboutthesituation.SilentSpringcontainsalotofscientificresearchandcasestudies.Thebookdetailsthegypsymotheradicationprogramme,whichkilledbirds,inadditiontogypsymoths.Anothercasestudywasthefire-antprogrammethatkilledcows,butnotfireants.Thebookalsogivesdozensofotherexamplesoferadicationprogrammesthatdidnothingtoreducetheproblemstheywereoriginallydesignedtosolve.The50orsopagesattheendofthebooklistCarson'ssources,showinghowthoroughandpreciseshewasasascientist.4Carson'smessagewasveryalarming,causingagreatincreaseinenvironmentalawareness.Itsimpactwasimmediateandfarreaching:theuseofDDTwasbannedandtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)wasestablishedintheUS.SilentSpringwasthereforeregardedasamilestoneinthelaunchofthegreenmovementintheWesternworld.ItalsoearnedCarsonaposthumousPresidentialMedalofFreedomandputherfaceonthe17-centUSstamp.5SilentSpringwasnot,however,receivedpositivelybyeveryone.ThoughCarson'sresearchwasstrongandwassupportedbymostscientistswhoreviewedherwork,thebookquicklybecameatargetforcriticsinthepesticideindustry.TheysaidthatCarsondidnotunderstandthesciencebehindherargumentsbecauseshewasamarinebiologistratherthanachemist.Somealsosaidthatherworkwasmoreemotionalthanscientific.ThesewereattemptstodamageCarson'sreputationandstopherworkfrominfluencingpublicpolicy,butsheremaineddeterminedtostandbyherresearch.Carsonappearedinpublicandontelevisiontodefendherclaims-andtoday,morethan50yearsafteritwaspublished,thevoiceofSilentSpringisstillringingloudandclear.6Personally,IenjoyCarson'sbook.Shemadeacrucialbutpotentiallydifficult-to-understandsubjectinterestingandaccessibletomillionsofpeople.Thisisnotsomuchbecauseofthequalityofherarguments,strongthoughtheyare,butbecauseofthebeautyandeleganceofherwriting.Herbooknotonlychangedtheworld;halfacenturylateritremainsabookthatdeservestoberereadtoday,sothatwecanonceagainfeelourselveswarmtothefireofitspassionatemessage.ForunlesswedolistentoRachelCarson'swarming,onedaywemaywakeuptothestrangeandquiethorrorofanothersilentspring.Readthepassageandcheckyourpredictionaboutwhatwillbementionedinthepassage.ItisabookreviewonSilentSpring,sothefollowingpartsmaybementionedinthepassage:1)basicinformationaboutthebook,includingtheauthor,yearofpublication,themeandmainidea;2)thereasonwhythisbookispublished;3)featuresofthewriting;4)commentsonthisbook;5)influenceofthisbook.Readthepassagequicklyandfindoutthemainideaofeachparagraph.Para.1AnexcerptfromSilentSpringPara.2Theauthor,yearofpublicationandtheaimofSilentSpringPara.3ThecontentandfeaturesofSilentSpringPara.4TheinfluenceofSilentSpringPara.5ThenegativecommentsonSilentSpringanditsauthorPara.6Thewriter’scommentonSilentSpring4Listentotheconversationagainandcorrectthemistakesintheman’sblog.RecentlyIwasreadingabookcalledLandmarksbyRobertMacfarlane.Whattheauthorwrotemademefeelconfused.Hesaidthatmanywordsdescribingnaturewerebeingaddedtothenewversionofthejuniordictionary.Thesearewordslike“pasture”

and“bluebell”.A“pasture”

isadenseforestforcowsandhorsestoeat.

“Bluebells”

arefruitshapedlikebells.Thereasonwhytheyaredoingthisisthattheythinkthesewordsareirrelevanttochildren,soinsteadthey’vereplacedthem

withtermslike“film”.Perhapsthedictionarydoeshave

apoint,becausemostchildrendon’tgetoutintonaturethatmuchnowadays.TheyspendalltheirtimewatchingTVinstead.Butit’sapity.Inmyopinion,thesewordsformpartofourliterature.Theyaddcolourtoourlives,andshouldn’tbelost.Mygranddaughterhasthesameopinionasme.Shesayswearelosingoldwordsallthetime.Andastimeschange,oldwordsbecomeasnormaltoyoungpeopleasthenewonesaretome.Answers:

1"annoyed"insteadof"confused"2"nowmissingfrom"insteadof"beingaddedto"3"fieldofgrass"insteadof"denseforest"4"blueflowers"insteadof"fruit"5"blog"insteadof"film"6"oncomputers"insteadof"watchingTV"7"history"insteadof"literature"8"adifferentopinionfrom"insteadof"thesameopinionas"9"newwordsbecomeasnormaltoyoungpeopleastheoldonesaretome"insteadof"oldwordsbecomeasnormaltoyoungpeopleasthenewonesaretome"Nowworkinpairsandactouttheconversation.5Co