ICS03.180

CCSA18

中華人民共和國國家標準化指導性技術文件

GB/Z45492—2025

標準化教育課程建設指南

國家質量基礎設施（NQI）及應用

Coursedevelopmentguideforeducationaboutstandardization—

Nationalqualityinfrastructureanditsapplication

2025?03?28發(fā)布2025?03?28實施

國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局

國家標準化管理委員會發(fā)布

GB/Z45492—2025

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

引言··························································································································Ⅳ

1范圍·······················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件········································································································1

3術語和定義、符號和縮略語··························································································1

3.1術語和定義········································································································1

3.2符號和縮略語·····································································································3

4總體原則·················································································································3

4.1系統(tǒng)性··············································································································3

4.2實踐性··············································································································4

4.3專業(yè)性··············································································································4

4.4多樣性··············································································································4

4.5持續(xù)改進···········································································································4

5課程設計·················································································································4

5.1課程目標···········································································································4

5.2課程設計框架·····································································································5

5.3課程基本信息·····································································································5

5.4課程內(nèi)容···········································································································5

5.5課程資源···········································································································7

6課程制作·················································································································7

6.1課件制作···········································································································7

6.2試題文件制作·····································································································7

6.3課內(nèi)實踐制作·····································································································8

6.4課外實踐制作·····································································································8

6.5內(nèi)容審核與修改··································································································8

6.6課程交付···········································································································8

7課程實施·················································································································8

7.1課程團隊···········································································································8

7.2教學實施···········································································································9

7.3考核方式··········································································································10

8課程評價與改進······································································································10

8.1評價原則··········································································································10

8.2評價內(nèi)容··········································································································10

Ⅰ

8.3評價方式··········································································································10

8.4改進調整··········································································································11

附錄A（資料性）課程知識點·························································································12

附錄B（資料性）職業(yè)教育和繼續(xù)教育領域的課程知識點·····················································20

附錄C（資料性）教學大綱要點示例················································································26

附錄D（資料性）實踐教學活動示例················································································32

參考文獻····················································································································34

GB/Z45492—2025

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標準化工作導則第1部分：標準化文件的結構和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)定

起草。

請注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機構不承擔識別專利的責任。

本文件由全國標準化教育標準化工作組（SAC/SWG27）提出并歸口。

本文件起草單位：深圳市計量質量檢測研究院、深圳技術大學、華測檢測認證集團股份有限公司、

深圳天溯計量檢測股份有限公司、河北大學、國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局認證認可技術研究中心、華南理工

大學、上海大學、中國計量科學研究院、中國標準化研究院、安徽省質量和標準化研究院、中國航空綜合

技術研究所、天紡標（深圳）檢測認證股份有限公司、東華大學、深圳職業(yè)技術大學、廣州市番禺區(qū)檢驗

檢測產(chǎn)業(yè)促進會、廣州市輕工技師學院、廣州市技師學院、精研質標科技（深圳）有限公司、廣東省東莞

市質量技術監(jiān)督標準與編碼所、湖南大學、上海工程技術大學、中國南方電網(wǎng)有限責任公司超高壓輸電

公司柳州局、中國計量大學、中科健康產(chǎn)業(yè)集團股份有限公司、中國質量標準出版?zhèn)髅接邢薰?、蕪?/p>

市標準化研究院。

本文件主要起草人：楊志敏、劉匯、羅偉、錢曉艷、楊克軍、黃曼雪、鄧軍、方立德、賈鵬、黃理納、劉宏偉、

陳國芬、王宇、趙五州、嚴玉蓉、李明、于連超、易婷婷、康鍵、吳倩、萬曙峰、黃開勝、郭繼平、陳歡、蔣婷、

陳偉健、李衛(wèi)東、張叢光、葉有權、黃旭光、鐘秀平、麥婉菁、李明根、陳欣欣、徐紹坤、黎柏強、鐘才粦、

滕召勝、辛斌杰、宋陽、顏鷹、周亞杰、李保忠、郭天慧、魯雅婷、杜佳婷、鄭惠政、曾莉驊、李昊。

Ⅲ

GB/Z45492—2025

引言

德國物理技術研究院（PTB）于2002年首次提出了國家質量基礎設施（nationalqualityinfrastruc?

ture，NQI）的概念，聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易中心（ITC）于2005年發(fā)布《出口戰(zhàn)略創(chuàng)新》報告，提出NQI的理念；聯(lián)

合國工業(yè)發(fā)展組織（UNIDO）和國際標準化組織（ISO）于2006年提出計量、標準和合格評定是未來經(jīng)

濟社會發(fā)展的三大支柱；世界銀行（WB）于2013年提出建設NQI的公共干預理論，認為國家質量基礎

適用于所有產(chǎn)品和服務；國際標準化組織（ISO）、國際法制計量組織（OIML）、國際認可論壇（IAF）等于

2017年召開國際會議將市場監(jiān)督納入NQI體系。NQI有不同的層級概念，包括全球質量基礎設施

（GQI），國家質量基礎設施（NQI）、區(qū)域質量基礎設施（RQI）、產(chǎn)業(yè)質量基礎設施（IQI）和企業(yè)質量基礎

設施（EQI）等，以上概念也可統(tǒng)稱質量基礎設施（QI）。NQI的內(nèi)涵還在不斷豐富，外延仍在拓展中。

世界發(fā)達國家以及相關國際組織均非常重視NQI的研究與應用。

我國非常重視NQI的研究與應用。2014年1月，中國工程院啟動了工業(yè)強基戰(zhàn)略研究項目，該項

目將“質量技術基礎戰(zhàn)略研究”列為項目專項課題，標志著我國NQI的整體研究工作正式啟動；2014年

4月，國家質檢總局設立國家質量基礎設施課題研究小組，首次對計量、標準、檢驗檢測、認證認可的集

成建設進行系統(tǒng)性研究；2016年，我國首次設立國家重點研發(fā)計劃《國家質量基礎的共性技術研究與

應用》重點專項，國撥經(jīng)費17.83億元；2017年9月5日，中共中央、國務院在印發(fā)的《關于開展質量提

升行動的指導意見》中，首次將NQI建設作為該指導意見中的主要目標和總體任務；2020年11月13日，

國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局印發(fā)《關于大力開展質量基礎設施“一站式”服務的意見》，指出要“加強質量基

礎建設、為企業(yè)、產(chǎn)業(yè)、區(qū)域提供全鏈條、全方位、全過程質量基礎設施綜合服務”；2021年，《中華人民

共和國國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展第十四個五年規(guī)劃和2035年遠景目標綱要》提出“完善國家質量基礎設

施”，《國家標準化發(fā)展綱要》提出“促進標準與國家質量基礎設施融合發(fā)展”，國家重點研發(fā)計劃《國家

質量基礎設施體系》重點專項啟動；2023年2月6日，中共中央、國務院頒布《質量強國建設綱要》，提

出構建高水平質量基礎設施體系。

在國內(nèi)外NQI研究與應用發(fā)展迅速、實踐應用大規(guī)模展開的特殊條件下，NQI的人才培養(yǎng)尤顯重

要。本文件致力于貫徹落實《質量強國建設綱要》，規(guī)范NQI及應用教育內(nèi)容和方式，提升學習者的

NQI意識和實踐技能，提高人才培養(yǎng)的質量和效率，助力經(jīng)濟高質量發(fā)展。

本文件旨在為普通高等教育的NQI及應用課程提供具體的建設指導，明確課程的定位與教學目

標，也可為職業(yè)教育和繼續(xù)教育等相關課程建設提供參考。

Ⅳ

GB/Z45492—2025

標準化教育課程建設指南

國家質量基礎設施（NQI）及應用

1范圍

本文件提供了“國家質量基礎設施（NQI）及應用”課程的總體原則、課程設計、課程制作、課程實施

和課程評價與改進的指導，并給出了相關的案例。

本文件適用于普通高等教育的NQI及應用課程的開發(fā)與實施，職業(yè)教育和繼續(xù)教育等相關課程

參考使用。

2規(guī)范性引用文件

下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過文中的規(guī)范性引用而構成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，僅該日期對應的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于

本文件。

GB/T19000—2016質量管理體系基礎和術語

GB/T20000.1—2014標準化工作指南第1部分：標準